What is "science"

Science \Sci"ence\, n. [F., fr. L. scientia, fr. sciens, -entis, p. pr. of scire to know. Cf. Conscience, Conscious, Nice.]

1. Knowledge; knowledge of principles and causes; ascertained truth of facts.

   If we conceive God's sight or science, before the creation, to be extended to all and every part of the world, seeing everything as it is, . . . his science or sight from all eternity lays no necessity on anything to come to pass.
   --Hammond.

   Shakespeare's deep and accurate science in mental philosophy.
   --Coleridge.

2. Accumulated and established knowledge, which has been systematized and formulated with reference to the discovery of general truths or the operation of general laws; knowledge classified and made available in work, life, or the search for truth; comprehensive, profound, or philosophical knowledge.

   All this new science that men lere [teach].
   --Chaucer.

   Science is . . . a complement of cognitions, having, in point of form, the character of logical perfection, and in point of matter, the character of real truth.
   --Sir W. Hamilton.

3. Especially, such knowledge when it relates to the physical world and its phenomena, the nature, constitution, and forces of matter, the qualities and functions of living tissues, etc.; -- called also natural science, and physical science.

   Voltaire hardly left a single corner of the field entirely unexplored in science, poetry, history, philosophy.
   --J. Morley.

4. Any branch or department of systematized knowledge considered as a distinct field of investigation or object of study; as, the science of astronomy, of chemistry, or of mind.

   Note: The ancients reckoned seven sciences, namely, grammar, rhetoric, logic, arithmetic, music, geometry, and astronomy; -- the first three being included in the Trivium, the remaining four in the Quadrivium.

   Good sense, which only is the gift of Heaven, And though no science, fairly worth the seven.
   --Pope.

5. Art, skill, or expertness, regarded as the result of knowledge of laws and principles.

   His science, coolness, and great strength.
   --G. A. Lawrence.

   Note: Science is applied or pure. Applied science is a knowledge of facts, events, or phenomena, as explained, accounted for, or produced, by means of powers, causes, or laws. Pure science is the knowledge of these powers, causes, or laws, considered apart, or as pure from all applications. Both these terms have a similar and special signification when applied to the science of quantity; as, the applied and pure mathematics. Exact science is knowledge so systematized that prediction and verification, by measurement, experiment, observation, etc., are possible. The mathematical and physical sciences are called the exact sciences.

   Comparative sciences, Inductive sciences. See under Comparative, and Inductive.

   Syn: Literature; art; knowledge.

   Usage: Science, Literature, Art. Science is literally knowledge, but more usually denotes a systematic and orderly arrangement of knowledge. In a more distinctive sense, science embraces those branches of knowledge of which the subject-matter is either ultimate principles, or facts as explained by principles or laws thus arranged in natural order. The term literature sometimes denotes all compositions not embraced under science, but usually confined to the belles-lettres. [See Literature.] Art is that which depends on practice and skill in performance. ``In science, scimus ut sciamus; in art, scimus ut producamus. And, therefore, science and art may be said to be investigations of truth; but one, science, inquires for the sake of knowledge; the other, art, for the sake of production; and hence science is more concerned with the higher truths, art with the lower; and science never is engaged, as art is, in productive application. And the most perfect state of science, therefore, will be the most high and accurate inquiry; the perfection of art will be the most apt and efficient system of rules; art always throwing itself into the form of rules.''
   --Karslake.

Science \Sci"ence\, v. t. To cause to become versed in science; to make skilled; to instruct. [R.]
--Francis.

mid-14c., "what is known, knowledge (of something) acquired by study; information;" also "assurance of knowledge, certitude, certainty," from Old French science "knowledge, learning, application; corpus of human knowledge" (12c.), from Latin scientia "knowledge, a knowing; expertness," from sciens (genitive scientis) "intelligent, skilled," present participle of scire "to know," probably originally "to separate one thing from another, to distinguish," related to scindere "to cut, divide," from PIE root *skei- "to cut, to split" (cognates: Greek skhizein "to split, rend, cleave," Gothic skaidan, Old English sceadan "to divide, separate;" see shed (v.)).\n

\nFrom late 14c. in English as "book-learning," also "a particular branch of knowledge or of learning;" also "skillfulness, cleverness; craftiness." From c.1400 as "experiential knowledge;" also "a skill, handicraft; a trade." From late 14c. as "collective human knowledge" (especially "that gained by systematic observation, experiment, and reasoning). Modern (restricted) sense of "body of regular or methodical observations or propositions concerning a particular subject or speculation" is attested from 1725; in 17c.-18c. this concept commonly was called philosophy. Sense of "non-arts studies" is attested from 1670s.\n\nScience, since people must do it, is a socially embedded activity. It progresses by hunch, vision, and intuition. Much of its change through time does not record a closer approach to absolute truth, but the alteration of cultural contexts that influence it so strongly. Facts are not pure and unsullied bits of information; culture also influences what we see and how we see it. Theories, moreover, are not inexorable inductions from facts. The most creative theories are often imaginative visions imposed upon facts; the source of imagination is also strongly cultural. [Stephen Jay Gould, introduction to "The Mismeasure of Man," 1981]\n

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\nIn science you must not talk before you know. In art you must not talk before you do. In literature you must not talk before you think.

[John Ruskin, "The Eagle's Nest," 1872]

Etymology 1 n. (context countable English) A particular discipline or branch of learning, especially one dealing with measurable or systematic principles rather than intuition or natural ability. (from 14th c.) vb. (context transitive English) To cause to become versed in science; to make skilled; to instruct. Etymology 2

n. (obsolete spelling of scion English)

1. n. a particular branch of scientific knowledge; "the science of genetics" [syn: scientific discipline]

2. ability to produce solutions in some problem domain; "the skill of a well-trained boxer"; "the sweet science of pugilism" [syn: skill]

Science is an American digital cable and satellite television network that is owned by Discovery Communications. The channel features programming focusing on the fields of wilderness survival, ufology, manufacturing, construction, technology, space, prehistory and animal science.

As of February 2015, Science is available to approximately 75.5 million pay television households (64.8% of households with at least one television set) in the United States.

In the US state of Texas science is one of several academic events sanctioned by the University Interscholastic League. It is also a competition held by the Texas Math and Science Coaches Association, using the same rules as the UIL.

Science is designed to test students' knowledge of scientific fact, understanding of scientific principles and the ability to think through scientific problems.

ScienceFrom Latin scientia, meaning "knowledge".

• is a systematic enterprise that builds and organizes knowledge in the form of testable explanations and predictions about the universe."... modern science is a discovery as well as an invention. It was a discovery that nature generally acts regularly enough to be described by laws and even by mathematics; and required invention to devise the techniques, abstractions, apparatus, and organization for exhibiting the regularities and securing their law-like descriptions."—

Contemporary science is typically subdivided into the natural sciences, which study the material universe; the social sciences, which study people and societies; and the formal sciences, such as mathematics. The formal sciences are often excluded as they do not depend on empirical observations. Disciplines which use science like engineering and medicine may also be considered to be applied sciences.

During the Middle Ages in the Middle East, foundations for the scientific method were laid by Alhazen in his Book of Optics. From classical antiquity through the 19th century, science as a type of knowledge was more closely linked to philosophy than it is now and, in fact, in the Western world, the term " natural philosophy" encompassed fields of study that are today associated with science, such as astronomy, medicine, and physics. While the classification of the material world by the ancient Indians and Greeks into air, earth, fire and water was more philosophical, medieval Middle Eastern scientists used practical, experimental observation to classify materials.

In the 17th and 18th centuries, scientists increasingly sought to formulate knowledge in terms of laws of nature. Over the course of the 19th century, the word "science" became increasingly associated with the scientific method itself, as a disciplined way to study the natural world. It was in the 19th century that scientific disciplines such as biology, chemistry, and physics reached their modern shapes. The same time period also included the origin of the terms " scientist" and " scientific community," the founding of scientific institutions, and increasing significance of the interactions with society and other aspects of culture.

Science is the fourth album released by the Norwegian singer/songwriter Thomas Dybdahl.

Science is a stand-up comedy show by British comedian Ricky Gervais. It was filmed in 2010 at the HMV Hammersmith Apollo, and released on DVD in November that year.

Discovery Science Channel may refer to:

Science, also widely referred to as Science Magazine, is the peer-reviewed academic journal of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) and one of the world's top academic journals. It was first published in 1880, is currently circulated weekly and has a print subscriber base of around 130,000. Because institutional subscriptions and online access serve a larger audience, its estimated readership is 570,400 people.

The major focus of the journal is publishing important original scientific research and research reviews, but Science also publishes science-related news, opinions on science policy and other matters of interest to scientists and others who are concerned with the wide implications of science and technology. Unlike most scientific journals, which focus on a specific field, Science and its rival Nature cover the full range of scientific disciplines. According to the Journal Citation Reports, Sciences 2015 impact factor was 34.661.

Although it is the journal of the AAAS, membership in the AAAS is not required to publish in Science. Papers are accepted from authors around the world. Competition to publish in Science is very intense, as an article published in such a highly cited journal can lead to attention and career advancement for the authors. Fewer than 10% of articles submitted are accepted for publication.

Science is based in Washington, D.C., United States, with a second office in Cambridge, England.

Science was a general science magazine published by the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). It was intended to "bridge the distance between science and citizen", aimed at a technically literate audience who may not work professionally in the sciences. The AAAS also publishes the famous science journal Science, the similar name leading to some confusion.

Science was first issued as Science 80 in November 1979 and was originally published bi-monthly and by subscription only. The name of the magazine changed every year to reflect the publication date, becoming Science 81, Science 82, etc. This caused some consternation among librarians, who found it difficult to index. The magazine was similar to Discover in terms of coverage, but tended to offer longer articles and often a photoessay. Guest essays by a well-known scientist were a common feature as well. The magazine also offered a "Resources" section which contained references for the articles.

Like Discover, Science was aimed at readers looking for something more readable than the Scientific American of those days, which was a much more technical magazine than it became in the 1990s, but more in-depth and more artfully written than magazines like Popular Science, which tends to cover technology more than the science behind it. This market proved to be too small for the large number of magazines that attempted to serve it, and many disappeared during the mid-1980s. Science was purchased in 1986 by Time Inc. and folded into Discover, the last issue being July 1986. A few issues of Discover after the merger feature a stamp noting "Now including Science 86", but this quickly disappeared. This claim was somewhat suspect, however, as all of the Science staff was immediately laid off after the takeover.

Science (from the Latin scientia, meaning "knowledge") usually describes the effort to understand how the universe works through the scientific method, with observable evidence as the basis of that understanding; a way of understanding the world through thought and experimentation. The sciences tend to be positivistic in their approach to truth and knowledge, in contrast to the humanities which tend toward relativism.

Historically and also in common use, the word "science" is often used as a shorthand for natural science, but other recognized science fields are social sciences, behavioral sciences, applied sciences, and formal sciences - but not to humanities. "Science" may refer to any knowledge which has been reduced to an algorithmic system, and does not involve the need for an indescribable skill or mastery, such as a fine art. The general term art, and particularly the technical arts have some overlap with science, in this latter sense.

'''Disciplines referred to as "science":

• Natural science, the use of the scientific method to study the universe
• Social science, the use of the scientific method to study society
• Formal sciences, study of rules, logic, and formal systems of information.

Publications:

• Science (journal), the academic journal of the American Association for the Advancement of Science
• Science (magazine), started named Science 80 (in 1980) it was a general science magazine published by the American Association for the Advancement of Science, until it was merged into Discover in 1986.

In music:

• Chico Science (1966-1997), Brazilian singer and composer
• S.C.I.E.N.C.E., a 1997 album by Incubus
• Science (album), a 2006 music album by the Norwegian singer–songwriter Thomas Dybdahl
• "Science", a song on the album Toxicity by System of a Down

Other uses:

• Science Ltd, a company founded and owned by artist Damien Hirst
• Kieron "Science" Harvey, a "Housemate" in Big Brother 2005.
• Science (TV channel) a television channel owned by Discovery Networks.