What is "clipping"

Clipping \Clip"ping\, n.

1. The act of embracing. [Obs.]

2. The act of cutting off, curtailing, or diminishing; the practice of clipping the edges of coins.

   Note: This practise was common when precious metals such as silver or gold were used in commonly circulated major coins, such as the dime, quarter, and higher denominations; scoundrels would remove small slivers of precious metal from the edges of many coins, eventually accumulating enough precious metal to be worth a significant sum, while passing on the clipped coins at their nominal values. After most governments discontinued coinage in silver and gold in the late 1900's, the practice became obsolete. The serrations, or milling, at the edges of coins was introduced to defeat the practice by making the result of clipping evident. Many coins continued to be made with milled edges even after the practice of clipping was rendered pointless by use of non-precious metals in coinage.

   clipping by Englishmen is robbing the honest man who receives clipped money.
   --Locke.

3. That which is clipped off or out of something; a piece separated by clipping; as, newspaper clippings.

4. (Football) The act of hitting a player from behind, for the purpose of blocking. It is illegal in football because it can lead to injury to the blocked player, who cannot anticipate the action. A penalty of 10 yards or more may be assessed against the team of the offending player. [PJC] ||

Clip \Clip\ (kl[i^]p), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Clipped (kl[i^]pt); p. pr. & vb. n. Clipping.] [OE. cluppen, clippen, to embrace, AS. clyran to embrace, clasp; cf. OHG. kluft tongs, shears, Icel, kl[=y]pa to pinch, squeeze, also OE. clippen to cut, shear, Dan. klippe to clip, cut, SW. & Icel. klippa.]

1. To embrace, hence; to encompass.

   O . . . that Neptune's arms, who clippeth thee about, Would bear thee from the knowledge of thyself.
   --Shak.

2. To cut off; as with shears or scissors; as, to clip the hair; to clip coin.

   Sentenced to have his ears clipped.
   --Macaulay.

3. To curtail; to cut short.

   All my reports go with the modest truth; No more nor clipped, but so.
   --Shak.

   In London they clip their words after one manner about the court, another in the city, and a third in the suburbs.
   --Swift.

early 13c., "clasping, embracing," verbal noun from clip (v.2). As a U.S. football penalty (not in OED), from 1920.\n\nClipping or Cutting Down from Behind. -- This is to be ruled under unnecessary roughness, and penalized when it is practiced upon "a man obviously out of the play." This "clipping" is a tendency in the game that the committee is watching anxiously and with some fear.

["Colliers," April 10, 1920]

"a cutting," early 14c., verbal noun from clip (v.1). Sense of "a small piece cut off" is from late 15c. Meaning "an article cut from a newspaper" is from 1857.

n. 1 (context countable English) A piece of something removed by clipping. 2 (context countable English) An article clipped from a newspaper. 3 (context countable linguistics English) A short form (of a word). 4 (context uncountable signal processing English) the process of cutting off a signal level that rises above a certain maximum level vb. (present participle of clip English)

See clip

1. n. a metal frame or container holding cartridges; can be inserted into an automatic gun [syn: cartridge holder, cartridge clip, magazine]

2. an instance or single occasion for some event; "this time he succeeded"; "he called four times"; "he could do ten at a clip" [syn: time]

3. any of various small fasteners used to hold loose articles together

4. an article of jewelry that can be clipped onto a hat or dress

5. the act of clipping or snipping [syn: clipping, snip]

6. a sharp slanting blow; "he gave me a clip on the ear"

7. [also: clipping, clipped]

1. n. an excerpt cut from a newspaper or magazine; "he searched through piles of letters and clippings" [syn: newspaper clipping, press clipping, cutting, press cutting]

2. cutting down to the desired size or shape [syn: trim, trimming]

3. the act of clipping or snipping [syn: clip, snip]

1. v. sever or remove by pinching or snipping; "nip off the flowers" [syn: nip, nip off, snip, snip off]

2. run at a moderately swift pace [syn: trot, jog]

3. attach with a clip; "clip the papers together" [ant: unclip]

4. cultivate, tend, and cut back the growth of; "dress the plants in the garden" [syn: snip, crop, trim, lop, dress, prune, cut back]

5. terminate or abbreviate before its intended or proper end or its full extent; "My speech was cut short"; "Personal freedom is curtailed in many countries" [syn: curtail, cut short]

6. [also: clipping, clipped]

Clipping may refer to:

Clipping, in the context of computer graphics, is a method to selectively enable or disable rendering operations within a defined region of interest. Mathematically, clipping can be described using the terminology of constructive geometry. A rendering algorithm only draws pixels in the intersection between the clip region and the scene model. Lines and surfaces outside the view volume(aka. frustum) are removed.

Clip regions are commonly specified to improve render performance. A well-chosen clip allows the renderer to save time and energy by skipping calculations related to pixels that the user cannot see. Pixels that will be drawn are said to be within the clip region. Pixels that will not be drawn are outside the clip region. More informally, pixels that will not be drawn are said to be "clipped."

In gardening, clipping is equivalent to pruning, the practice of removing diseases, over mature or otherwise unwanted portions from a plant. Clipping usually involves much less removal than pruning, and is used more for herbaceous (all-green) plants than for woody ones.

Clipping is the cutting-out of articles from a paper publication. Newspaper clippings are often used when people have to write a report or make a presentation on current events for school. Clippings may also be kept by adults for future reference, or for sentimental reasons such as an article on a history-making event. One service of Media monitoring services, which monitor the media exposure of a client, is to collect clippings referring to a client.

Clipping can also be used for artistic purposes as in collage. Picasso's "Glass and Bottle of Suze" is an example of this technique.

In phonetics, clipping is the process of shortening the articulation of a phonetic segment, usually a vowel. A clipped vowel is pronounced more quickly than an unclipped vowel and is often also reduced. In English, clipping without vowel reduction most often occurs in a stressed syllable before a voiceless consonant, and clipping with vowel reduction occurs in many unstressed syllables.

In linguistics, clipping is the word formation process which consists in the reduction of a word to one of its parts (Marchand: 1969). Clipping is also known as "truncation" or "shortening."

According to Marchand (1969), clippings are not coined as words belonging to the standard vocabulary of a language. They originate as terms of a special group like schools, army, police, the medical profession, etc., in the intimacy of a milieu where a hint is sufficient to indicate the whole. For example, exam(ination), math(ematics), and lab(oratory) originated in school slang; spec(ulation) and tick(et = credit) in stock-exchange slang; and vet(eran) and cap(tain) in army slang. Clipped forms can pass into common usage when they are widely useful, becoming part of standard English, which most speakers would agree has happened with math/maths, lab, exam, phone (from telephone), fridge (from refrigerator), and various others. When their usefulness is limited to narrower contexts, such as with tick in stock-exchange slang, they remain outside standard register. Many, such as mani and pedi for manicure and pedicure or mic/mike for microphone, occupy a middle ground in which their appropriate register is a subjective judgment, but succeeding decades tend to see them become more widely used.

Clipping is different from back-formation – back-formation may change the part of speech or the word's meaning, whereas clipping creates shortened words from longer words, but does not change the part of speech or the meaning of the word.

According to (1986), clipping mainly consists of the following types:

1. Initial clipping
2. Final clipping
3. Medial clipping
4. Complex clipping

Clipping is a form of waveform distortion that occurs when an amplifier is overdriven and attempts to deliver an output voltage or current beyond its maximum capability. Driving an amplifier into clipping may cause it to output power in excess of its published ratings.

Clipping is a surgical procedure performed to treat an aneurysm. If the aneurysm is intracranial, a craniotomy is performed, and afterwards an Elgiloy (Phynox) or titanium Sugita clip is affixed around the aneurysm's neck.

Surgical clipping was introduced by Walter Dandy of the Johns Hopkins Hospital in 1937. It consists of performing a craniotomy, exposing the aneurysm, and closing the base of the aneurysm with a clip chosen specifically for the site. The surgical technique has been modified and improved over the years. Surgical clipping has a lower rate of aneurysm recurrence after treatment.

Clipping is a penalty in the sport of ice hockey. It is generally recognized as hitting an opposing player at or below the other player's knees. Clipping should not be confused with hip checking, where one player hits an opponent with his hips, although occasionally a hip check will result in a clipping call. A player is generally assessed a minor penalty for clipping, unless an injury is caused, in which case a major penalty and a misconduct or game misconduct will result. It is one of the least-called penalties in the sport.

Historically, players penalized for clipping are labeled as "dirty" players, as clipping is nearly always viewed as attempt to injure an opponent.

Additionally, Rule 639(a) of the USA Hockey Rulebook states:

“Any player who deliberately leaves his feet and contacts an opponent with any part of his body thereby causing the opponent to trip or fall shall be assessed a minor penalty (Clipping).(Note 3) This rule does not apply to a player who has dropped to his knee(s) to block a shot.”

In digital photography and digital video, clipping is a result of capturing or processing an image where the intensity in a certain area falls outside the minimum and maximum intensity which can be represented. It is an instance of signal clipping in the image domain. The clipped area of the image will typically appear as a uniform area of the minimum or maximum brightness, losing any image detail. The amount by which values were clipped, and the extent of the clipped area, affect the degree to which the clipping is visually noticeable or undesirable in the resulting image.

In a color image, clipping may occur in any of the image's color channels separately.

Clipping can occur at many different stages. It may occur in the image sensor when initially capturing the image using a digital camera or scanner. It may occur due to internal image processing or color space conversion in the camera or scanner. It may also result from later image processing using image editing software. Clipping that is due to internal image processing in a digital camera may often be partially or fully recovered if the raw sensor data is available, such as when saving to a raw image format.

Clipping is a form of distortion that limits a signal once it exceeds a threshold. Clipping may occur when a signal is recorded by a sensor that has constraints on the range of data it can measure, it can occur when a signal is digitized, or it can occur any other time an analog or digital signal is transformed, particularly in the presence of gain or overshoot and undershoot.

Clipping may be described as hard, in cases where the signal is strictly limited at the threshold, producing a flat cutoff; or it may be described as soft, in cases where the clipped signal continues to follow the original at a reduced gain. Hard clipping results in many high frequency harmonics; soft clipping results in fewer higher order harmonics and intermodulation distortion components.

In gridiron football, clipping is the act of a "throwing the body across the back of the leg of an eligible receiver or charging or falling into the back of an opponent below the waist after approaching him from behind, provided the opponent is not a runner." It is also clipping to roll up on the legs of an opponent after a block. It is usually illegal, but in the National Football League it is legal to clip above the knee in close-line play. The Canadian Football League has similar definitions, prohibitions and exceptions, including that "application of [a] penalty is determined by the initial contact".

In most leagues, the penalty is 15 yards, and if committed by the defense, an automatic first down. It is prohibited because it has the potential to cause injury. Injuries that can be caused by a clipping violation include those to the collateral and cruciate ligaments and the meniscus. Clipping was first banned in 1916 in the NCAA, and rules prohibiting it gradually went into effect in various leagues in the years that followed. In recent years, clipping has not been called as a penalty as much as a block in the back.