What does public mean

Crossword clues for public

public

Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English

public

I.adjective

COLLOCATIONS FROM OTHER ENTRIES

a matter of public recordformal (= something that has been written down so that anyone can know it)

▪ His salary is a matter of public record.

a member of the public

▪ Members of the public were invited to put forward suggestions.

a public apology

▪ The authorities published a public apology in the newspaper.

a public appeal

▪ She made a public appeal for the return of the ring.

a public appearance

▪ In his first public appearance since his election, the President-elect ruled out talks with the United States.

a public beach (=for everyone to use)

▪ The public beaches were very dirty.

a public building

▪ The town has a number of interesting public buildings, including the old town hall.

a public comment

▪ The jury are forbidden from making public comments.

a public debate (=in which people put forward their ideas publicly, so that everyone can form an opinion.)

▪ He called for a public debate on race and discrimination.

a public demonstration (=by members of the public)

▪ A series of public demonstrations have been held in cities across the country.

a public denial

▪ He refused to make any public denial.

a public duty (=relating to the people of a country)

▪ The media has a public duty to report the truth.

a public engagement

▪ She appeared with her husband at many public engagements.

a public execution (=in a public place. with people watching)

▪ Bethea's hanging on August 14, 1936 was the last public execution in America.

a public inquiry (=one which is open to members of the public)

▪ MPs are demanding a public inquiry into the explosion at the nuclear power station.

a public lecture (=a lecture which the general public are allowed to go to)

▪ He’s going to deliver a public lecture on politics in the Middle East.

a public library (=a library that is supported by government money)

▪ Our public libraries need more support.

a public relations/PR consultant (=one who advises an organization on how to relate well to the public)

a public scandal (=one that people know about and discuss)

▪ The award was soon the centre of a public scandal.

a public speaker

▪ He was a good public speaker.

a public statement (=one made in public)

▪ We will be making no public statements about the matter.

a public toiletespecially BrE

▪ He set off across the square in search of a public toilet.

a public/listed company (=offering its shares for sale on the stock exchange)

a public/open meeting (=that anyone can go to)

▪ A public meeting was held to discuss the proposal to build a new school.

a public/popular protest

▪ The announcement led to widespread public protests.

at (the) public expense (=paid for by the public through taxes)

▪ The bridge was built at public expense.

bow to public pressure

▪ Congress may bow to public pressure and lift the arms embargo.

certified public accountant

closed to the public/visitors etc

▪ The castle is closed to visitors in winter.

common/human/public decency (=standards of behaviour that are expected of everyone)

▪ The film was banned on the grounds of public decency.

general public

▪ health education aimed at the general public

government/public/state policy

▪ Government spending is determined by government policy.

government/taxpayers'/public money

▪ More taxpayer’s money should be spent on the railways.

international/great/popular/public etc acclaim

▪ Their recordings have won great acclaim.

international/public etc renown

▪ He has won world renown for his films.

is...in the public domain

▪ The information is not currently in the public domain.

Office Of Public Sector Information, the

open to the public

▪ In many schools, governors’ meetings are not open to the public.

popular/public opinion (=what ordinary people think about something)

▪ How much do newspapers influence popular opinion?

popular/public sentiment (=what most people think)

▪ He was more in touch with public sentiment than many of his critics.

public access channel

public affairs (=events that affect the people of a country)

▪ He was active in public affairs in his region.

public affairs

▪ He took an active part in public affairs.

public anxiety

▪ the wave of public anxiety about food safety

public approval (=from ordinary people)

▪ The policies met with a great deal of public approval.

public assemblies

▪ Police have imposed conditions on public assemblies.

public attitudes/people’s attitudes

▪ Public attitudes have changed.

public bar

public clamour

▪ Trouillot disregarded the growing public clamour for her resignation.

public company

public concern (=felt by the public)

▪ Public concern about the destruction of the rain forests could harm the timber business.

public confidence

▪ The changes should improve public confidence in the system.

public consultation (=asking for for ordinary people's views)

▪ The first public consultations considered environmental and health issues.

public controversy (=among the ordinary people of a country)

▪ His book sparked off a public controversy about the issue.

public convenience

public corporation

public criticism

▪ As a politician, you have to get used to public criticism.

public defender

public disquiet

▪ public disquiet over deaths in police custody

public domain

▪ The information is not currently in the public domain.

public donations (=from the public)

▪ The project was financed by public donations.

public health

▪ a danger to public health

public holiday

public house

public housing

public investment (=investment by the government or state)

▪ There have been drastic cuts in public investment in housing.

public limited company

public morals (=the standards of behaviour, especially sexual behaviour, expected by society)

▪ the corruption of public morals

public nuisance

▪ The nightclub has been declared a public nuisance.

public nuisance

public opinion

▪ Public opinion is shifting in favor of the new law.

public opposition

▪ Public opposition has blocked the building of nuclear power stations.

public outcry

▪ The closure of the local hospital has caused a huge public outcry.

public ownership

▪ The Opposition intends to bring the industry back into public ownership.

public perception

▪ the public perception of the government’s performance

public persona

▪ Joel has a cheerful public persona but in private he’s different.

public prosecutor

public recognition

▪ He won public recognition for his work when he was awarded an MBE.

public records (=records of births, deaths etc, that the public are allowed to look at)

▪ He found the information while examining public records.

public relations exercise (=done in order to improve the relationship between the public and an organization)

▪ a public relations exercise

public relations

▪ They ran their own successful public relations business in London.

public right of way

▪ The path is not a public right of way.

public safety

▪ The police must put public safety first.

public school

public scrutiny (=by the public)

▪ Much of the work that we do is open to public scrutiny.

public sector

▪ a job in the public sector

public servant

public service

▪ efforts to improve quality in public services

public service (=work done for the public or the government)

▪ a career in public service

public services

▪ There has been a decline in public services in recent years.

public spectacle

▪ The trial was turned into a public spectacle.

public television

public transitAmerican English (= buses, trains etc)

▪ promises to improve public transit

public transport (=buses, trains etc that are available for everyone to use)

▪ We recommend that you travel by public transport.

public transport

public transportation (=buses, trains etc)

▪ The city needs to improve its public transportation.

public utility

public works

▪ the public works department

public/government/state expenditure (=money a government spends on the services it provides for people)

▪ The Conservatives want to maintain a firm control on public expenditure.

public/government/state spending

▪ The government is determined to keep public spending under control.

▪ They called for increased government spending on education.

public/popular anger

▪ By now public anger in America was mounting.

public/popular outrage

▪ The case generated public outrage.

public/popular pressure (=pressure from the public)

▪ He faces mounting public pressure to resign.

public/popular support

▪ There seemed to be no popular support for war.

public/popular taste

▪ The shop created a unique style of goods that appealed to the popular taste.

public/private/personal morality

▪ the decline in standards of personal morality

▪ The authorities are protectors of public morality.

public/private/state ownership

▪ The company was returned to private ownership in mid-1987.

retire from public life

▪ Her drink problem has forced her to retire from public life.

sb’s/sth’s public image (=the image that many people have of someone or something)

▪ Her public image does not reflect the way she behaves in private.

the public conscience (=people’s idea of what is right or wrong)

▪ This scandal shocked the public conscience.

the public dole

▪ How many people are on the public dole?

the public imagination

▪ The story captured the public imagination.

the public purse (=money controlled by the government)

▪ Election expenses are met from the public purse.

the public reaction (=what the public think about something that happens)

▪ The public reaction was less than encouraging.

the public sector (=businesses controlled by the government)

▪ The government has been holding down pay in the public sector.

the public sphere (=public positions and activities)

▪ Men still controlled the public sphere.

the public/national mood (=the mood of the people in a country)

▪ The public mood was one of anger and frustration.

COLLOCATIONS FROM CORPUS

■ NOUN

access

▪ A Cornish Coastal Footpath has been opened to give the public access to walk along the cliffs.

▪ That would not bode well for public access.

▪ In problematical cases the following test might help - Has the general public access?

▪ The College of Law premises are not a place of unrestricted public access.

▪ The draft emphasises the use of best available technology and maximising transparency and public access to information on pollution control.

▪ The main aim must be to find a public use providing public access.

▪ The introduction of a new support system to encourage public access and conservation-friendly farming methods.

▪ He also called for existing club members to provide greater public access to their clubs.

address

▪ His own followers cheered him repeatedly as the rhetoric boomed out through the slight electronic distortion of the public address systems.

▪ They gathered each night in a 228-car parking lot, speaking over a public address system.

▪ He didn't see why he shouldn't have a stab at the more serious mode of public address.

▪ Yes, there is a public address system, but I don't believe that is working either.

▪ The doors had come open and there was a voice on a public address system shouting something.

▪ All it lacks is the screaming public address announcer to be a total steal, and a bad one at that.

▪ Selection of appropriate communication media, including the use of notice boards, paging devices and public address systems.

▪ In 1993, when they re-emerged to give public addresses, they numbered 24.

affair

▪ If you wish to receive a leaflet contact the public affairs department at John Wood House.

▪ The second is a measure of awareness of and exposure to politics and public affairs.

▪ He was at the Congress very young and he appears to be particularly dedicated to public affairs.

▪ They cited internal government guidelines against talking to reporters without prior approval of agency public affairs officers.

▪ Also under review are the actions of a high-ranking Army public affairs officer, Col.

▪ She too endured harsh criticism and partisan pressure for becoming openly involved in public affairs.

attention

▪ Television also received a disproportionate amount of public attention in the press and parliamentary debate.

▪ Scant public attention has greeted the arrival of the children.

▪ They chose to attract public attention and demonstrate contradictions in justice and the law by criminal acts.

▪ Government service also brought Mr Packard unaccustomed public attention and made him and his company a magnet for controversy and protest.

▪ I believe that perhaps the best example is an accident which attracted hardly more than the most casual public attention.

▪ The firm eventually settled on a strategy of attempting to focus public attention on its superior sales staff and customer service.

▪ Media coverage in the television age ensures that public attention is captured whilst slogans are shouted and wrongs exposed.

▪ Jones said the president will not only have more say over bills but more power to focus public attention on specific issues.

authority

▪ It also figures in the rules governing the legal liability of public authorities.

▪ To keep major construction projects like bridges and tunnels out of the reach of politicians, they created independent public authorities.

▪ That right to freedom of expression includes freedom to impart information and ideas without interference by public authority.

▪ Citizens must have rights of access to information about decisions taken by public authorities in their name.

▪ Homes left empty without good reason by any public authority will be transferred to a better social landlord.

▪ Nor were newspapers controlled by a public authority and subject to competitive franchising.

▪ To meet the challenge the public authority would have to be transformed into a public limited company.

▪ Why should the extent of this activity be of concern to the public authorities?

body

▪ While it may not provide a specific remedy for the complainant, it can force public bodies to alter policy and procedure.

▪ This does not apply to membership or employment in any public body, e.g., an electricity authority.

▪ Claimants would end up sharing ownership with the current owners, usually local authorities and other public bodies.

▪ Some grants are paid directly to the developer; others are paid to the local authority or other public body.

▪ A public body which has power to construct lavatories can not use that power in order to build a subway under a street.

▪ The alleged function of the leave requirement is to protect public bodies from harassment by citizens bringing cases of no merit.

building

▪ The fabric of our schools, public buildings and roads store up bigger and bigger bills for the future.

▪ The latest shocks caused panic among some 50, 000 people sleeping in tents, campers and public buildings.

▪ The pub is the only public building serving the Trendlewood estate and its 3,000 residents.

▪ In many towns I stopped in, the public buildings were a store, a gas station, and a museum.

▪ Simpson's first public building was the Gothic St Andrew's chapel of 1816.

▪ The photographer also assembles an assortment of major public buildings whose poor designs have done their own damage to the city.

▪ All towns were primitive, and contained very few public buildings.

▪ Many jurisdictions have required nonsmoking areas in restaurants or banned smoking in public buildings.

company

▪ Table A in the Schedule to the Act specifies articles of association for both private and public companies limited by shares.

▪ In a public company, the value is the market price of the stock.

▪ As a means of assuring us that the management of large public companies do not wield arbitrary power it is unsatisfactory.

▪ By s. 282 of the 1985 Act every public company must have at least two directors.

▪ SoftKey shares rank dead last in three-month performance among 210 Massachusetts public companies watched by Boston Capital.

▪ Many public companies have issued non-voting A ordinary shares.

▪ It must also qualify as one of Britain's oddest public companies.

concern

▪ Surveys of long-stay hospitals exposed such anomalies in the 1960s and 1970s, creating much public concern.

▪ Are all activities in schools and government offices matters of public concern?

▪ It also, however, had come to be seen as a cause of public concern.

▪ Short of murder, whatever occurred between husband and wife was not considered by Locke to be of public concern.

▪ The failure to recognise the difference between public concern about standards and public concern about price is what makes the Bill deficient.

▪ Not about matters of public concern.

▪ The Prime Minister was clearly motivated by growing public concern about education and the work of the schools.

confidence

▪ In addition, openness by companies is the basis of public confidence in the corporate system.

▪ He stood by his convictions and had little difficulty in keeping public confidence.

▪ The probe was aimed at restoring public confidence in the service, she said.

▪ If these events became regarded as a norm for science then public confidence would be threatened.

▪ Equally important, although in many ways distinct, was a perceptible decline in public confidence.

▪ But a balanced reply must take account of less tangible issues like legislative simplicity and public confidence.

▪ As a result, public confidence in the good faith and competence of the DTi has been shaken.

▪ The statisticians are rightly extremely troubled by the loss of public confidence in official figures.

corporation

▪ Obviously, a public corporation is different.

▪ The courts have long held that partners in private partnerships have greater obligations to each other than do shareholders in public corporations.

▪ The Radio Française is a public corporation.

▪ Co. surmounted a similar set of challenges when it moved from a partnership to a public corporation.

▪ Mr Simmons said firms waited an average of 81 days for payment from larger companies and public corporations.

▪ This is partly due to the privatization programme which has been implemented in recent years and has reduced the number of public corporations.

▪ A public corporation managing a monopoly might do so in a sectional interest.

debate

▪ Quiet changes in design appear only to be relevant to new areas, so that public debate and understanding is limited.

▪ This was particularly the case on college campuses, where the young radicals of the New Left dominated public debate.

▪ Doubts over Bush's health, however, provoked renewed public debate over Quayle's competence.

▪ If the course of public debate is unruly, it has a happy result.

▪ If it hangs together too long, it will create a dangerous lack of public debate.

▪ Health care dominated the public debate in the presidential campaign four years ago.

▪ As with the Doomsday scenario, this further militarisation of the police occurred without public debate or accountability.

▪ The contentious rules will once again be opened to public debate, Thompson said.

display

▪ There's no rough stuff from the police - nothing you could file a complaint about - just an unexpected public display.

▪ Halle wanted privacy for her and got public display.

▪ Naturally, the public display of great works of art led to a demand for imitations for enjoyment by wealthy individuals.

▪ The elaborate public displays of those royal families had always camouflaged the most ruthless power struggles.

▪ Sean Pierce of Fort Smith, Arkansas, was charged with violating a law banning the public display of obscene material.

▪ This involves vehicle and foot patrols, public displays, and meeting local dignitaries as well as visiting places of work and schools.

▪ A characteristic of human verbal expression of pain is that it contains a mixture of private suffering and public display.

▪ Home photography was not for public display, but for fun with friends.

domain

▪ The upshot, Mace hopes, is that interface copyrights will be broken and will therefore pass into the public domain.

▪ During the four decades following the Civil War, 183 million acres went out of the public domain into railroad ownership.

▪ Broadly, the purpose of the City Code is to protect the shareholder in the public domain.

▪ Municipal marketing and civic entrepreneurship were responsibilities now lodged firmly in the public domain.

▪ The possibility of penal cancellation charges in the public domain is a rumour.

▪ Indeed as the public domain has become more impersonal and technical so the family has increased in importance.

▪ It was inevitable that women would lay claims to enter the public domain.

▪ Raising the matter in the public domain is not advocated.

education

▪ Strolling, they pondered public education versus private schooling.

▪ First, we had public education before we had Social Security.

▪ What does worry them, says Catherine Wannier, a young Buenos Aires postgraduate, is their own ailing public education system.

▪ Even in the North, the conditions of public education did not approximate those existing today.

▪ It also emphasized the importance of public education about constitutional and electoral changes.

▪ Simply pumping more money into the public education system only would perpetuate the status quo.

▪ This chapter addresses only those questions concerning religion and public education that are of greatest relevance to teachers and students.

▪ Ignorance: to be eliminated by universal, free public education. 5.

enterprise

▪ First, the political demands on public enterprises lead to objectives that are confusing, changeable and often mutually at odds.

▪ The private sector often complains about public enterprise, arguing that government should not compete with business.

▪ In addition, as argued above, there are great difficulties in assessing the performance of public enterprises.

▪ The minister of public enterprises has ordered that 50 percent of all accounting for state-owned companies be placed with black firms.

▪ It was the difference between a vast public enterprise, and a local farmer making a living as economically as he could.

▪ This study will take a different approach to identifying the peculiarities of public enterprise industrial relations.

▪ Workers in other public enterprises were also prevented from striking although this did not stop strikes by postal and railway workers.

▪ As a result of the government's programme, the weight of the public enterprise sector was significantly curtailed.

expenditure

▪ The 1979 government was returned with a mandate to cut public expenditure.

▪ Initially the results were very disappointing as public expenditure continued to grow.

▪ A scholar wants to know which factors are crucial for explaining high public expenditure.

▪ This trend, moreover, has not been halted by the recent government cuts in public expenditure.

▪ This inevitably brings into focus the procedure for the planning, monitoring and control of public expenditure.

▪ The definition of public expenditure is by no means clear-cut and must depend upon the question at issue.

▪ The government treats asset receipts not as a means of financing the budget deficit, but instead as negative public expenditure.

eye

▪ Unlike Blanche, he enjoyed the cases he worked on being in the public eye.

▪ In this 1996 boom, as in the 1994 crash, the fund managers have operated far out of the public eye.

▪ The controversy created by the research suddenly put Hector's dolphin firmly in the public eye.

▪ Instead she began a 57-year voyage almost continuously in the public eye.

▪ The real tragedy of Tony Bland is that he is in the public eye.

▪ But her lack of experience at being in the public eye sometimes shows.

▪ They tell the story of a life lived in the public eye, but now 45 are up for sale.

▪ Recently, Mr Gore has appeared increasingly presidential in the public eye during the escalating budget talks.

funds

▪ Securing public funds made available for urban regeneration has been a key target.

▪ He supported keeping the California Academy of Sciences in the park and spending millions in public funds to rehabilitate it.

▪ He faced at least three other trials of misusing public funds and business fraud.

▪ No wonder he is taking nearly $ 30 million in public funds to underwrite his second campaign.

▪ You must bear in mind the need to safeguard public funds and observe security requirements.

▪ The use of public funds to clean up the jusen mess will be the main focus of the session.

▪ A lot of public funds could have been saved that way.

▪ He deplored previous scandalous seizures of public funds by unscrupulous individuals and politicians.

health

▪ Local public health authorities and water sports authorities have issued warnings about the risk from Weil's Disease.

▪ Objectives: A.. Use diverse communication methods for wider and more effective delivery of critical public health messages.

▪ This is called cost effectiveness analysis and is regularly used in defence, public health and other fields.

▪ Where policy has to be settled over such matters as public health or education, statistical and factual material is needed.

▪ Although the tasks of public health doctors are always changing, their goal remains firm: improving the health of the population.

▪ In 1983, public health and social welfare received one of the biggest expenditure cuts of all the public sectors.

▪ It provided year-by-year evidence of prevailing trends in public health.

▪ Is the war waged in the name of morality, public health, behavior or fighting crime?

holiday

▪ As well as your annual holiday entitlement, the Company observes the usual statutory bank and public holidays.

▪ Is the education department closed on public holidays?

▪ The birthday of the Prophet Mohammad is known as Eid-e-Milad-un-Nabi and is a public holiday.

▪ A working day is any day except Sunday or a public holiday.

▪ The public holidays should reflect that.

▪ Don't we have enough public holidays without adding to them?

▪ Overlapping, consecutive, or duplicate spells of sickness absence were merged after taking account of weekends and public holidays.

house

▪ The board took four off-sale licences in the locality into account when considering an application for a public house licence.

▪ All the remaining public houses do bar meals and meals.

▪ Until the 1950s the village had a chapel, a school, two shops and a public house.

▪ At the present time there is only the public house left.

▪ One useful change has been the restoring of parity of permitted hours for clubs opening with those enjoyed by public houses.

▪ Many of the smaller gaols formed the rear of public houses with the publican doubling his duties with that of gaoler.

▪ All these major brewing companies were required to release up to 50 percent of the public houses they owned, in excess of 2,000 outlets.

▪ The accident outside the George public house at Gravesend followed violence in the town centre.

image

▪ Her public image is that of a sassy mystic, but she has the showbiz mastery of a Gloria Swanson.

▪ Gore masterfully played off his public image as a stiff, wooden personality who leaves audiences sitting on their hands.

▪ It was upon them that the legal profession focussed in the early 1970s in an attempt to improve its tarnished public image.

▪ Their public image is all important.

▪ Attempts were made to improve the public image of the police.

▪ What do they think of her public image?

▪ The mining industry, which seldom has had a good public image, found its input was being ignored.

▪ With his wide-ranging connections and relatively positive public image, Qiao is a strong candidate for top leadership.

inquiry

▪ Keepsafe appealed, a public inquiry followed and ruled against the company.

▪ We have had to fight for a public inquiry and we have had to fight for everything.

▪ They flew barrage balloons, commissioned perspectives and held a public inquiry.

▪ A public inquiry is due to be held in August.

▪ Without delving into the legal niceties too deeply, the procedure of a public inquiry generally takes the following form.

▪ Experience has shown that public inquiry reports are long and difficult to follow.

▪ As such they can not be ignored, unlike the findings of a public inquiry which are purely advisory.

▪ Appeals can be decided either through a public inquiry or by written representations.

interest

▪ He suggested that these proposals were contrary to the public interest and to justice.

▪ Five men doing handstands are likely to be regarded as a conspiracy against the public interest.

▪ This was not in the public interest. seconded the motion.

▪ Trusts for performance seem also to have been enforced, at any rate where there was a public interest.

▪ Councils charged with caring for the public interest start to panic at the thought of this oversized weed with its excruciating sap.

▪ The organisation recommends that participating nations establish home offices to arouse public interest and collect contributions.

▪ Perhaps, then, there is a public interest in curbing the study of economics.

▪ Most people would agree though that there is evidence clearly inconsistent with some aspects of the public interest view.

knowledge

▪ How she had learned that he had the painting, which was not a matter of public knowledge, is unknown.

▪ How all of this came about is not yet public knowledge.

▪ The full picture will not become public knowledge.

▪ Blinder said he favors increased public knowledge about the intentions of policymakers at the secretive Fed.

▪ His argument seemed to be based fearlessly on the refusal to recognise what is already public knowledge about our plans.

▪ From 1873 until 1889 his whereabouts were public knowledge, first locally, later worldwide.

▪ The telephone was just as it should be, with no bugging device to turn his private conversations into public knowledge.

▪ I had been on the committee but had resigned, and that was certainly by then a matter of public knowledge.

library

▪ This serious quality in the public libraries survived into the interwar years.

▪ Currently eleven of her works are in print, and a good number of others are available in public libraries.

▪ Perhaps the most interesting questions relate to subject demand in public libraries, linked to the activity of stock revision.

▪ At the public library downtown I return obsessively to the photographs of concentration camps.

▪ Our objective is to create a searchable electronic public library of research in international health.

▪ Nevertheless there is a clear case for its practice in public libraries, and even in university provision for undergraduates.

▪ Fiction classifications are used extensively in public libraries.

▪ There may be other local groups who can be contacted through lists kept at public libraries, or Citizen Advice Bureaux.

life

▪ Mr Montesinos's influence stretched into every arm of public life.

▪ Politics no longer served as the centerpiece of citizens' public lives.

▪ He never wanted to live in the public life.

▪ In which case it would make more sense to elect proven adulterers instead of discouraging them from public life.

▪ No wonder we are personally repulsed and cynical about public life and those who inhabit it.

▪ When his own business affairs fell into a state of disarray in 1773, he was forced to withdraw from public life.

▪ After all, both men came into public life with private histories.

meeting

▪ Encourage engineers to speak at public meetings, discussions, seminars and conferences to promote public awareness of risk issues.

▪ They started with a public meeting in St Peter's Fields - in Manchester, you know.

▪ Depressingly, the Labour party managed to run an entire campaign without exposing its candidate to genuine scrutiny at public meetings.

▪ A second public meeting was called.

▪ C: Steady on, this is a public meeting.

▪ Charge was 75 per hour, for the duration of the public meeting only.

▪ She addressed her last public meeting at the age of ninety-one at a garden party arranged by her daughter.

▪ Hundreds of residents had a public meeting in the village hall to hear Ken Hind explain about the bypass.

money

▪ But it couldn't be privatised without a large injection of public money.

▪ The actual implementation of these programs involves collection of revenues and disbursement of public money, budgeting, accounting, and purchasing.

▪ It's believed tens of thousands of pounds of public money has been misused.

▪ Critics who say using public money for such programs could violate the wall between church and state.

▪ A lot of public money went into trying to save what could be saved, or to help companies redeploy.

▪ Unfortunately, the Crown Court which is the greatest source of the waste of public money is not being attacked.

▪ It will bring greater clarity into choosing how to spend public money on health.

▪ The more he describes the plight of public services, the more voters are reminded of the need for more public money.

nuisance

▪ Married sheep-farmer Wadland, 29, was jailed for five years after admitting making threats to kill and being a public nuisance.

▪ Those who reside or work where zoning laws prohibit public nuisances need not apply.

▪ Edith would have an action under s. 4 and an action in public nuisance.

▪ Tell that woman she is a public nuisance.

▪ The aim of the law of public nuisance is to prevent interference with the rights of the public at large.

▪ It also alleges violations of state and federal antitrust laws and public nuisance laws.

▪ Consequently, odours may amount to a public nuisance if they substantially inconvenience a sufficient number of people.

▪ She should be declared a public nuisance and paved over for a parking lot.

office

▪ The early introduction of merit systems deprived them of patronage, and nominations for public office were outside their control.

▪ It's doubtful she ever has taken a single day of unpaid leave during any of her innumerable campaigns for public office.

▪ All of the former officers remained stripped of their rank and were barred from holding public office.

▪ Which is one reason I could never run for public office.

▪ The tribunal concluded that he should be dismissed and banned for three years from public office, forfeiting his seat in parliament.

▪ He then sought without success an appointment to public office.

▪ They might also be banned from holding public office for a period determined by the courts.

▪ In many ways it should have been the most satisfying celebration of his years in public office.

official

▪ Mrs Chan, Hong Kong's most popular public official, consistently proved a staunch defender of its autonomy.

▪ Anyone who has traveled in Third World countries is aware that the favors of public officials are customarily and blatantly for sale.

▪ I give you my word as a public official, and a friend.

▪ Teachers and administrators found to be either public officials or public figures have a higher burden of proof in defamation suits.

▪ Other courts have held that superintendents are public officials.

▪ The state is an autonomous actor, composed of public officials making decisions.

▪ Can the New York Times standard be applied to others besides public officials?

▪ He holds more press conferences than any major public official in the country-at least two, and usually three, a week.

opinion

▪ But the culprit is protected and the public opinion of careless, cruel money-making farmers is reinforced.

▪ Difficult political decisions should not be left to the snap judgments and popular distemper of public opinion, Hamilton wrote.

▪ Berg tapped into the unpalatable side of public opinion, becoming addicted to verbal wind-ups and hostility with fatal results.

▪ The act turned public opinion against such executions and led King Charles to prohibit hangings for her sort of crime.

▪ The last decade of the nineteenth century saw the development of a considerable antipathy to trade unionism among influential public opinion.

▪ The new popular press played a crucial role in orchestrating public opinion over the affair.

▪ Several opposition parties interpreted Mr Gonzalez's attitude as defiance of public opinion.

order

▪ Devoted to public order and financial stability, he presided over and accelerated the collapse of both.

▪ Mexicali Mayor Victor Hermosillo staunchly defended his police officers, saying they simply were maintaining public order.

▪ This was a power suggested by Lord Scarman, but only on the grounds of threats to public order.

▪ This does not mean that the younger members of the underclass pose no threat to public order.

▪ Over the years, it became the standard public order offence.

▪ In some areas public order and drunkenness offences are down by more than a third.

▪ The arrests were for alleged public order, criminal damage or drugs offences.

outcry

▪ The lack of evidence and the circumstantial nature of the testimony caused a public outcry.

▪ The public outcry over the massacre led to the resignation March 12 of state Gov.

▪ The Thom case was exceptional and gave rise to something of a public outcry.

▪ Hale was permitted to retire quietly, but after a public outcry he was brought back to face charges.

▪ It had been stopped in its tracks by the Railway Inspectorate and a public outcry.

▪ Originally intended to run six months, the study lasted 40 years, until a public outcry in the 1970s ended it.

▪ That bid sparked a public outcry.

▪ In contrast, there was a public outcry in Cleveland over the loss of the Browns.

ownership

▪ Debates over important issues, from nuclear weapons to public ownership, have been settled by manipulation rather than persuasion.

▪ Beck was not proposing public ownership of the generating plants, but he did want the province to build the transmission lines.

▪ Without a significant amount of public ownership therefore, a liberal market system gives companies independence.

▪ Besides, the people of Waterloo had first-hand knowledge of the advantages of public ownership.

▪ Mr Prescott's demand for the tunnel to be taken into public ownership goes beyond existing Labour Party policy.

▪ The Government plans to sell 51 % initially, with 46 % staying in public ownership.

▪ Before 1979 the Conservative party had effectively acquiesced in most of the public ownership measures of earlier Labour governments.

▪ Reduced public ownership has led to increased public regulation.

perception

▪ Privatisation will not inevitably lead to changes in public perception.

▪ Even stock prices rise and fall according to the public perception of how good the leader is.

▪ There were dramatic trends in public perceptions of, for example, the Conservative Party's emphasis on defence.

▪ That could go a long way toward offsetting public perception that regional carriers are less safe.

▪ Despite public perceptions, across the world 7 out of 10 infections are heterosexual.

▪ Should Presley and Jackson divorce, there may be more at stake than pride and public perception.

▪ It also contributed to a negative change in the public perception and image of lawyers.

▪ Few attempts to change public perceptions are achieved easily, nor can they be performed by all members of society.

place

▪ Moscow is considering a ban on alcohol and tobacco advertising in most public places and on transport.

▪ An entire industry has flourished around securing coveted access to public places and people.

▪ Other initiatives Commissions for companies, public places and so on are usually advertised in the press and art magazines.

▪ We see each other in public places and we give each other the nod.

▪ It became an offence for anyone in charge of children to allow them to bet in public places or to enter brothels.

▪ You're on your own, a single man in a smart, public place.

▪ Nineteen whipped and chained in a public place, where they were left to die.

policy

▪ Despite this, primary preventive measures of the sort recommended by Wilson have not emerged in public policy.

▪ What I do offer is realism and a functional understanding of business and public policy.

▪ The law on the issue of consent continues to change because it is based on public policy.

▪ Is there evidence of actual collaboration among the elite in the formulation of preferred public policy?

▪ Taking account of the view of drunk driving, the plaintiff should be precluded on grounds of public policy from recovering compensation.

▪ The danger apprehended that quack nostrums in public policy can be forced upon the voters by demagogues is demonstrably nonexistent.

▪ Elections may help produce the personnel at the apex of government but they tell us little about likely public policy.

▪ The president was speaking in the lofty but dull rhetoric of public policy.

pressure

▪ Thus the pendulum of public pressure swings back and forth, reflecting the unresolved tensions within public policy.

▪ The group announced an advertising campaign to bring public pressure on lawmakers to sign the pledge.

▪ Mar Lodge has proved that even the most intransigent of ministers will begin to bend to public pressure.

▪ Forest Service officials are aware that public pressure may push them to artificially restore the forest, she said.

▪ Both sides are under mounting public pressure to settle the three-week dispute.

▪ Bowing to private and public pressure, Baer then reversed his ruling in the drug case.

▪ He said they were reacting to public pressure, and that the majority of people did not support Sunday opening.

▪ He faces mounting public pressure to resign.

prosecutor

▪ He was later charged with trespass, and the public prosecutor in Mannheim will this week decide whether other charges will follow.

▪ All prosecutions are undertaken by the public prosecutor, the Lord Advocate, or his subordinates, the procurators fiscal.

▪ On June 14, 1961, at the request of Milan's public prosecutor, it was seized by 25 plain-clothes policemen.

▪ It demonstrated the excesses that are possible in the present climate of confusion and for which the chief public prosecutor has apologised.

▪ Four were arrested on the orders of the chief public prosecutor, but Mr Honecker was let off because of ill health.

school

▪ Composer in residence with Pittsburgh public school system. 1961-64.

▪ Fourteen languages are taught in the public schools.

▪ The parson would swear by Jupiter to show he's a public school man but these old women would have him.

▪ Minnesota had long prided itself on its excellent public schools.

▪ Winning ways NORTH-EAST pupils have won half the scholarships awarded by the public school, Giggleswick, for pupils starting in September.

▪ And the rapidly expanding public school system itself created a huge demand for teachers.

▪ Hold on to the remnants of a once great public school system.

▪ They do provide an opportunity for much that is lacking in public schools.

sector

▪ The Labour Party is largely a trade union party in which unions from the public sector play an increasing role.

▪ In public sector schools in the late 1980s, shortages of government funding were bringing pressures to charge fees.

▪ The sports hall of a public sector facility is used more for aerobics classes than was the case ten years ago.

▪ Beyond the public sector, the cave becomes increasingly difficult, and is accessible only to experts.

▪ Although the operational framework may differ, the opportunity cost of capital is equally relevant to investment decisions in the public sector.

▪ This is in effect saying that the policy makers for the public sector were indeterminate, at that time.

▪ The public sector is primarily composed of nonprofit-making organizations.

▪ This is particularly so where it is taxpayers' money being used to fix public sector systems.

servant

▪ Party officials may perform functions that in non-communist regimes would be reserved for public servants.

▪ Mayor Susan Golding introduced the 52-year-old career public servant in a light-hearted afternoon news conference at City Hall.

▪ But they don't get any credence here and several of our most respected lawyers, doctors and public servants are black.

▪ Appointed for life, they remain the most insulated of public servants.

▪ The Council included a number of former public servants as well as bankers and academics, rather than career politicians.

▪ Something of the concerned public servant had crept into his manner.

▪ Retiring public servants now routinely move into jobs where their previous contacts and responsibilities can enrich themselves and their employers.

▪ One of these public servants is Smokey Bear, whose commercials run all day and night.

service

▪ They waste our public services, and essential repairs are not carried out.

▪ Bottom line thinking simply precludes public service investment.

▪ In the new liberal framework, however, both system redundancy and public service culture are inexorably fading.

▪ It would be a great shame if young people such as Hu were discouraged from seeking careers in public service.

▪ The longer-term implications of liberalization for the public service dimension of electricity have not been adequately considered.

▪ It also might challenge and invite smart graduate students and other young professionals to choose public service over a corporate career.

▪ We will bring private sector enterprise into the public services by encouraging contracting out and competitive tendering throughout government.

▪ Only 13 percent of top federal employees said they would recommend a career in public service.

spending

▪ They also criticised the government for its planned increases in taxes and for failing to curb public spending.

▪ It can be perverted - as Mrs Thatcher will seek to pervert it - into an alternative to public spending.

▪ Yet in spite of all this, a Treasury paper was circulated which sought further public spending cuts that would affect every government department.

▪ The profits from capitalism are redistributed to millions of people, not through taxing and public spending but through collective investment trusts.

▪ Other economic interests wish to restrain public spending.

▪ In the course of its last five years in office, Labour was forced to cut public spending in real terms.

▪ Tough decisions await the Government, not least over public spending.

▪ By contrast, the Conservatives have been able to raise public spending by nearly a quarter in real terms.

sphere

▪ In many respects it seemed that feminist aims regarding women's rights in the public sphere had been achieved.

▪ The public sphere can not be left entirely to the private marketplace.

▪ In common with Butler and Florence Nightingale, illness related to the strain experienced by middle-class women who moved into the public sphere.

▪ Men still controlled the public sphere and often the private.

▪ The cultural move from an autonomous and independent sculpture back to the public sphere inevitably raises the spectre of popular culture.

▪ In the public sphere, women must assume sufficient power to change the cultural imagery and the political landscape.

▪ What nuclear families want from the public sphere and what those living outside nuclear families want are difficult to reconcile.

support

▪ As a major national organisation, commanding massive public support, the Trust's influence in Whitehall is strengthened.

▪ The march is the first test of public support for affirmative action since Gov.

▪ The chairman of Oxfordshire County Council says the bridge wouldn't have been repaired without public support.

▪ That meant more sympathy and thus more public support.

▪ You can not expect public support if you do not have the support of your own ministers.

▪ Workfare systems, in which people contribute some kind of productive labor in return for public support, are certainly an alternative.

▪ Open and shut case, except for such small matters as Slobodan Milosevic's electoral mandates and public support.

▪ Nevertheless, statewide polls still show overwhelming public support for the Games.

transport

▪ This form of public transport was first introduced into London by George Shillibeer in 1829.

▪ We should add that animals and farm produce are no longer allowed on public transport.

▪ She takes little exercise, does not even walk much, and prefers to use the car or public transport.

▪ Most transport investment has gone on road construction and not on public transport.

▪ In addition, public transport is much more subject to direct government policy and to the influence of political decisions.

▪ Research shows that both men and women have some safety concerns when using public transport, especially at night.

▪ Do you have a car or do you rely on public transport? 2.

▪ If dependent on public transport, the Chamonix bus stops at Grenoble mid-morning.

utility

▪ Then again, various public utility undertakings offer important positions to solicitors.

▪ After its experience with the disease, the public utility company issued an AIDS-specific policy statement and set of guidelines.

▪ The cost of diverting mains services and public utilities can be very expensive and in certain situations virtually impossible.

▪ They were manufacturing, the finance, insurance and real estate group, transportation and public utilities and government.

▪ Does it apply to a public utility which may or may not appear to be similar to a local government?

▪ Of course, Tucson Water is a public utility, and therefore is required to keep its records open to the public.

▪ These include banks, building societies, chemical companies, transportation and public utilities.

▪ They thought of them as public utilities.

works

▪ A similar directive covering public works contracts over £3.5 million is scheduled to come in at the beginning of 1990.

▪ Perhaps it is a movie about the promises and failures of public works in and since the New Deal.

▪ In 1971 it did so in respect of public works contracts.

▪ They had hoped that he would launch great public works projects, ge! a building boom going.

▪ The New Deal showed great ingenuity in designing public works schemes.

▪ At one point, city public works employees were called away from their duties to help in the search.

▪ Borough Councils with their power to offer public works could, as we have seen, deal only very imperfectly with unemployment.

▪ Page was instrumental in the creation of the new Mainan ambitious public works project funded through a public-private partnership.

PHRASES FROM OTHER ENTRIES

Joe Public/Bloggs

▪ But Joe Public will feel aggrieved our No.1 sport is not available to everyone.

▪ She also aims to help Joe Public get rid of those niggling aches and pains.

▪ We're giving away 15 great cotton sweatshirts from Joe Bloggs in various autumnal colours - one size fits all.

▪ You can't go into the recording studio and be Joe Bloggs.

be in the national/public interest

▪ An improper and dominant motive would have to be shown for revealing matters which would normally be in the public interest.

▪ As such, redevelopment may be in the public interest even if it conflicts with local policy.

▪ Matters are somewhat different when we come to dispositions where the modus is in the public interest.

▪ The 1916 Senate hearings produced no debate on the question of whether concern about leprosy was in the national interest.

▪ The insistence that emancipation was in the national interest expressed this.

▪ The judge rejected the argument that publication of the information in an article would be in the public interest.

▪ The period can be extended if continued secrecy is deemed to be in the public interest.

for general/public/private etc consumption

▪ But these things aren't for public consumption.

▪ Far from it, what they say for public consumption appears to be at odds with what they are saying privately.

▪ Most of its contents was judged too personal-and possibly too politically sensitive-for public consumption.

▪ This Government talks tough for public consumption but has no stomach for action.

▪ Those on the right endorse the first half of the argument but not the second, at least for public consumption.

▪ When the media found out, his private exercise of his personal beliefs became a subject for public consumption.

public enemy number one

▪ Rats have been branded public enemy No. 1 in Bangladesh.

▪ She had done nothing wrong, yet between them Rourke and Rebecca were making her feel like public enemy number one.

▪ Taylor has turned into public enemy number one.

team/community/public etc spirit

▪ Good team spirit was built up during lunch before heading out to the second round.

▪ No doubt the team spirit was enhanced.

▪ The specials certainly show the kind of public spirit and professionalism of the Territorials.

▪ These accomplishments, and their new-found team spirit, were celebrated with social play in the evening.

▪ This community spirit even extends beyond Silver Lake proper.

▪ This creates a good working team spirit and everyone helps everyone else out.

▪ This obviated the problem of building team spirit or involvement among the area staff.

▪ Workers' distress can be reduced by adequate and effective reward systems and attention to maintaining a cooperative team spirit.

the general public

▪ Organizers of the president's funeral plan a large ceremony for the general public, and a small, private affair for his family.

▪ She is a poet who is admired by other poets but not well-known to the general public.

▪ Very little official information is given to the general public.

▪ We want the committee to include at least five members of the general public.

▪ Does he accept that the general public will not mind in the least paying to see these magnificent treasures?

▪ Each is covered almost immediately and, so far as the general public is concerned, left virtually without trace.

▪ Federman said this gender difference is consistent with that in the general public.

▪ No Press appeals were made for assistance from the general public.

▪ The symbol gets the same message across to your existing employees, to the business community and to the general public.

▪ They are not responsible to the general public.

▪ This task it has admirably fulfilled, becoming very popular with the general public.

▪ We have made great strides in de-emphasising the beer parties, but not many people in the general public have noticed.

the glare of publicity/the media/public scrutiny etc

the political/international/public etc arena

▪ Another possible problem could emerge from the political arena.

▪ He would therefore argue that conventions are established by their acceptance by those who participate in the political arena.

▪ Moreover, the law is only one method of control over what is placed in the public arena.

▪ Similarly in the international arena, an emasculated politics is incapable of sustaining an effective national defense.

▪ Television's response to the struggle around Clause 28 reflected the status the campaign achieved in the political arena.

▪ The assessment of basic expenditure needs should urgently be removed from the political arena.

▪ They do have a place in the political arena.

the public highway

▪ All citizens have the right to use the public highway.

▪ In suburbia, however, the scourge of the skips tends to descend on the public highway in spring and summer.

▪ So just what are the rules, regulations and guidelines governing the depositing of skips on the public highway?

▪ The same applied to traditional football except that in this case legislation merely banned the game from the public highway.

the public sector

winds of change/freedom/public opinion etc

EXAMPLES FROM OTHER ENTRIES

▪ public sector employees

▪ a public beach

▪ a public restroom

▪ Can we go somewhere quieter? This place is a bit public.

▪ Could you tell me where the public telephones are?

▪ garbage collection and other public services

▪ I've worked in the public sector all my life, mainly in local government.

▪ In a public statement, Jackson and his wife announced their intention to get divorced.

▪ Is this a public beach?

▪ It is one of the few countries where they still hold public executions.

▪ Jeff was obviously calling from a public place.

▪ proposals to ban smoking in public places

▪ Reiner insisted that public pressure did not influence his decision.

▪ Smoking is no longer allowed in indoor public places.

▪ Thatcher privatized publicly owned industries like electricity and telecommunications.

▪ There's been a big increase in public spending over the past three years.

▪ They're always telling people to use public transport because there are too many cars on the roads.

▪ We need to raise taxes to pay for better public healthcare.

▪ You can get the information from your local public library

▪ You now have to pay to use the public toilets at the station.

EXAMPLES FROM CORPUS

▪ On July 1, 1849, President Herrera called a special session of Congress to consider the questions of public finance.

▪ Soon to be added are some recent initial public offerings, among them Yahoo! and VocalTec.

▪ The markets have shrugged off other harsh public comments about Mr Rubin.

▪ The plan is due to go before a public enquiry next summer.

▪ The upsurge in our activity and in our public demands in the mid-1980s represented a declaration that our tolerance was running out.

▪ We have also seen that there is no mechanical way of deciding whether a function is a public one or not.

II.noun

COLLOCATIONS FROM CORPUS

■ ADJECTIVE

available

▪ These shears are not generally available to the public, so take this opportunity to acquire a pair now.

▪ The more directly comprehensible parts of the Challenger's programme were thus made available to the public at a provisional stage.

▪ A black and white leaflet is available for the public.

▪ I hope that in future more of this highly professional group's work will be made available to the public.

▪ The aim is to have 1:50 000 geological map sheets for the whole of Great Britain available to the public by 2005.

▪ The information on the register is available to the public.

▪ This information may be made available to the public. 4.2.2.

▪ Mr Pearson said the complete list for Darlington will be made available to the public on May 1.

open

▪ The cellars are open to the public on Fridays only.

▪ Is it open to the public?

▪ At midnight on July 15, 1885, the gates were thrown open to the public.

▪ It is certainly no sadness for me that I live in a house that is open to the public.

▪ It's open to the public on summer Wednesdays, but numbers are strictly limited to preserve the building.

▪ Almost all the trust's properties are open to the public.

▪ The evening feeds are open to the public on Fridays, Saturdays and Sundays until the end of February.

travelling

▪ While the two sides fight it out, the only winners so far are the travelling public of Stroud.

▪ There have been a number of tragedies involving the travelling public.

▪ And entirely in the interest of the travelling public, you understand.

▪ As I observed in Southampton, that leaves a problem for the travelling public.

▪ Currently, there is no source of redress to which the travelling public can go.

▪ Our primary duty is to the travelling public.

▪ Mr Leech also added that several other services were proving very popular with the travelling public.

wide

▪ Some writing is of undoubtedly high quality and may well find a place in the permanent repertoire of a wider public.

▪ But the depth of the speech's radicalism has not reached a wider public.

▪ This could be a good way to introduce Medau to a wider public.

▪ Beamish decided to communicate such views to a wider public.

▪ The fact that this collection is much stronger on diagnosis than cure should not prevent it reaching a wide public.

▪ Do you think there are lessons for the wider public in the Franks Report?

▪ It was left to Rachel Carson to bring to the attention of a wider public just what the unintended consequences might be.

▪ In terms of their relations with the wider public, the police tend to be a particularly segregated group in society.

■ VERB

close

▪ The carpets were laid on a Sunday when the Palace is closed to the public.

▪ Still being restored, over half the Catherine Palace is closed to the public.

▪ Greenwich Park is closed to the public, but there is limited car parking around Blackheath.

▪ Still family-owned, most are closed to the public - so these photographs and vivid word profiles are all the more valuable.

▪ Notices tell you if Barden Fell is closed to public.

inform

▪ It is intended that the results of the programme will inform the public about policy options.

▪ Considerable efforts were then made to clean out the system but not to inform the public.

▪ The farming industry needs to inform the public about all aspects of their industry and open these up to public discussion.

▪ The report suggests that individual products could be labelled to inform the public about how much electricity the appliances consume.

protect

▪ The firms say it protects farmworkers and the public from dangerous pesticides.

▪ He said he had a duty to protect the public.

▪ They will also do everything practically possible to protect the public.

▪ Those incidents are a salutary reminder of the dedication of police officers to protecting the public.

▪ Conversely, Conservative Members wish to protect the public further from trade union activities.

▪ When firearms are involved you must protect the public.

▪ I deal first with the proposals to protect the public against strikes and other forms of industrial action.

show

▪ It was due to be shown to the paying public in a preview on the Monday evening.

▪ The movement whose new star he became in 1934 soon showed the public how greatly it had gained strength.

▪ Reports of the disaster, albeit strictly censored ones, were shown to the Soviet public for months afterwards.

▪ They merely became more discerning in the façade they showed to the public.