noun
COLLOCATIONS FROM OTHER ENTRIES
a cancer/infection spreads (=in someone’s body)
▪ The cancer had spread to his brain.
a chest infection
▪ Every time I get a cold I get a chest infection too.
a virus infection
▪ The fever was caused by a virus infection.
viral infection
▪ a viral infection
yeast infection
COLLOCATIONS FROM CORPUS
■ ADJECTIVE
acute
▪ Other groups with possible relative deficiency would be those with malabsorption and acute or chronic infection.
▪ The rare acute infection shows dyspnoea and violent cough, with white-yellow, occasionally bloody, sputum.
▪ Taylor suggests that in more than 50% of cases of acute H pylori infection, hypochlorhydria lasts for several weeks.
▪ The amount of diarrhoea in acute cholera infection is also very variable.
▪ This gave way to an acute infection of the liver, and on 9 February, 1883, he died.
▪ Survivors not treated with acyclovir often report significant neurological deterioration over the years after the acute onset of infection.
▪ In contrast, an IgG and IgA response to this antigen has been reported in children with acute infection.
▪ By contrast, we found no reduction in deaths attributed to acute lower respiratory infections in the vitamin-A-supplemented group.
bacterial
▪ Several cases of spontaneous remission in acute leukaemia have been described in association with bacterial or viral infections.
▪ One caterpillar was mushy, presumably the victim of a virus or bacterial infection.
▪ Bacterial and Viral Infections Foals can suffer a variety of bacterial or viral infections in the first fourteen days of life.
▪ Goizueta had been released from the hospital Sept. 22 but was re-admitted last week because of a bacterial throat infection.
▪ Its almost miraculous effectiveness in controlling and reversing an otherwise lethal bacterial infection in mice was demonstrated in Oxford in the 1940s.
▪ For many years, doctors believed that the lower temperature could reduce the chance of bacterial growth and infection.
▪ No correlation was found between lysozyme content and resistance to bacterial infection.
▪ Before this, childhood brain lesions were often due to the uncontrolled spread of bacterial infections.
chronic
▪ Other groups with possible relative deficiency would be those with malabsorption and acute or chronic infection.
▪ Examples include patients with chronic infections, inflammation, malignancies, and liver disease.
▪ Many of these diseases take the form of persistent or chronic infections.
▪ Mild hypercalcemia has been reported in chronic infections such as tuberculosis and some fungal diseases.
▪ There were no IgA antibodies to Giardia heat shock antigen, however, in any of these children with chronic infection.
▪ In addition, these patients with chronic infection unlike those who clear the infection have no IgA response to Giardia heat shock antigen.
▪ Little is known of the fundamental aspects of the immunology of chronic infection versus acute infection in giardiasis.
▪ Hypogammaglobulinemia and depressed IgG to surface antigens of Giardia have been suggested as factors contributing to chronic infection.
fungal
▪ This greyish film can be mistaken for fungal infection.
▪ This is a fungal infection of the brain.
▪ By mixing the varieties intimately within the field, the spread of a fungal infection can be drastically slowed.
▪ Bacterial and fungal infections almost always occur at the site of an earlier wound.
heavy
▪ The principal clinical signs in heavy infections are rapid weight loss and diarrhoea.
▪ Successive progeny from the same dam often shown heavy infections.
▪ In heavy experimental infections the most severe signs have appeared at 6-12 weeks after infection when egg-laying is maximal.
▪ In these, migration through the lungs in heavy infections may result in pneumonia and death.
▪ In heavy infections there may be severe cirrhosis and ascites and, in rare cases, liver failure and death.
▪ However in heavy infections coughing is marked, and is accompanied by dyspnoea and nasal discharge.
▪ Plasma pepsinogen levels are above the normal of 1.0 i.u. tyrosine and usually exceed 2.0 i.u. in sheep with heavy infections.
hiv
▪ According to the World Health Organization, 80,000 to 160,000 HIV infections occur annually through unsafe injections.
▪ Y., a poor and urban community with one of the highest rates of HIV infection in the United States.
▪ In some villages HIV infection is cited as the main reason for girls not finishing their education.
▪ Another is to portray HIV infection as not such a terrible thing.
▪ Until 1997, there were just eight known cases of HIV infection in Tver.
▪ Immediate treatment has reduced the incidence of HIV infections in this group by as much as 79 percent.
▪ Blood banks have routinely screened for HIV infection since 1985, when the first blood tests for the virus became available.
▪ Yet paradoxically, so did the prevalence of HIV infection.
human
▪ Most human infections are associated with exposure to aquatic environments or to recent consumption of seafood.
▪ Potential sources of human infections change as society evolves.
▪ New approaches need to be developed to contain this epizootic and prevent human infections.
▪ Epidemiologic evidence showing that human papillomavirus infection causes most cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.
mild
▪ We are told this was caused by a mild kidney infection.
▪ If left untreated, it can cause a mild infection in the baby when it is born.
▪ In mild to moderate infections, there are no clinical signs during the pulmonary phase of larval migration.
new
▪ In some parts of the world new infections are rising almost off the scale.
▪ After that, the rate of new infections has no place to go but down.
▪ The third, fourth and fifth weeks of the 1967 outbreak saw the numbers of new infections climb most steeply.
▪ As this happens, the rate of new infections has to slow.
▪ The move to care for people with mental health problems in the community presents new infection control challenges. 2.
▪ In the hospital, I got new infections.
▪ At that point new infections can begin to rise again.
▪ Yet this strategy, too, runs the risk of increasing rather than decreasing new infections.
opportunistic
▪ Mortality is 3-4%, mainly owing to opportunistic infections and pulmonary emboli.
▪ Those on triple combination also had half as many incidents of cancers or opportunistic infections and were generally healthier.
▪ Four out of five recent trials reported that incidence of life-threatening opportunistic infections did not rise despite the potential immunosuppressive actions of corticosteroids.
▪ She was horrified to see how quickly the opportunistic infection took hold.
▪ Prevention of opportunistic infections could provide both individual and public-health benefits.
▪ This was in 1990, and I had opportunistic infections, OIs as they are called.
▪ A year ago John Holman was near death, an opportunistic infection ravaging his intestines.
▪ Diabetes predisposes the patient to fungus or other opportunistic infections involving the intracranial contents.
other
▪ They may catch other infections such as measles or chicken-pox, with serious consequences due to their deficient immune system.
▪ The same applies to influenza and many other infections.
▪ When the skin is damaged other infections can take hold more easily.
▪ Constant exposure to seawater, far from having a healing effect, actually caused boils and other skin infections.
▪ Do not do dressings if you have a cold, cough or any other infection.
▪ As with all the sexually transmitted diseases, the possibility of other concurrent infection must be considered and excluded.
▪ The person who is tonguing could catch other infections from this activity, such as gonorrhoea.
primary
▪ Most reports describe primary HIV-1 infection among groups other than misusers of intravenous drugs.
▪ It characteristically occurs many years after the primary infection and has protean manifestations in addition to the gait ataxia.
▪ Symptomatic, primary HIV-1 infection is generally characterised by a mononucleosis-like illness, with or without aseptic meningitis.
▪ But the odds seem somewhat lower than they were during primary infection.
▪ Diarrhoea occurs coincident with emergence about a week after primary infection and up to one year after reinfection.
pylori
▪ One explanation for this finding would be that H pylori infection is acquired by people throughout their lives.
▪ Taylor suggests that in more than 50% of cases of acute H pylori infection, hypochlorhydria lasts for several weeks.
▪ Most investigators have observed that H pylori infection causes a greater percentage increase in the postprandial gastrin than fasting gastrin.
▪ H pylori infection was eradicated in 32 patients and persisted in 18 patients.
▪ H pylori infection was a strong predictor of ulcer recurrences.
▪ Increased basal serum gastrin is related to both atrophy and H pylori infection but not to ageing perse.
▪ The mechanism by which H pylori infection stimulates the release of G17 is not known.
▪ The strong association between antral tumours and chronic active gastritis suggests the possibility that H pylori infection may have a pathogenic role.
respiratory
▪ As part of our management we advised parents to avoid, when possible, their child's exposure to respiratory infections.
▪ Everybody from here to Wesley and back has upper respiratory infections.
▪ Subjects - 256 Infants and children under 3 years of age with symptoms of respiratory infection.
▪ People who develop meningococcal meningitis may have a preceding upper respiratory infection.
▪ Systems of treatment based on simple clinical signs have been developed and validated for the management of respiratory infections.
▪ It can be triggered by viruses, including those that cause upper respiratory infections, such as the influenza virus.
▪ With further respiratory tract infections there remains a tendency to impaired hearing, but this is transient.
▪ We are not aware of reports from developing countries of the outcome of hypoxaemia in children with acute lower respiratory tract infection.
severe
▪ In severe infections, diarrhoea is the most prominent clinical sign.
▪ In severe infections the entire body will be covered with the parasites, and the fishes will appear almost white.
▪ The youngsters had a severe chest infection when he arrived ten days ago which delayed treatment.
▪ The main cause of death is the destruction of the gut lining, which results in severe infection.
▪ Once in a while some one has such a severe throat infection that they form a large boil behind the tonsils.
urinary
▪ If there is any pain or a burning sensation, tell the doctor, just in case you have a urinary infection.
▪ Our Tom lets Coffey put his hand on his nether regions to cure his urinary infection!
▪ It is now doubtful whether urinary tract infection has any role to play in the production of this renal lesion.
▪ Nine percent of patients had at least one urinary tract infection.
▪ Sometimes a urinary tract infection is associated with this condition so treatment with antibiotics can help.
▪ It therefore had only a limited use in the oral short term therapy of urinary tract infections.
▪ There is also a connection between day wetting and urinary infections.
viral
▪ Several cases of spontaneous remission in acute leukaemia have been described in association with bacterial or viral infections.
▪ One of Davis' sisters, Patty, died at age 10 of a viral blood infection.
▪ Your Blue Ring Angel is suffering from a viral infection called Lymphocystis.
▪ Headaches due to viral infections may be accompanied by fever, muscle aches, and malaise.
▪ Bacterial and Viral Infections Foals can suffer a variety of bacterial or viral infections in the first fourteen days of life.
▪ In some cases, these can be treated with antibiotics, which are useless against viral infections like influenza and colds.
▪ Newly imported Angelfish sometimes suffer from a viral infection called Lymphocystis.
▪ Such a trigger could be a viral infection or a traumatic life event, says Lane.
■ NOUN
chest
▪ A sick Gooch should not have played in Calcutta with a debilitating virus which developed into a chest infection.
▪ They include poor growth, recurrent chest infections, chronic diarrhoea and skin infections.
▪ She had been admitted suffering from a chest infection.
▪ A chest infection turned into pneumonia.
▪ The commonest symptom is a persistent cough, with frequent bouts of chest infection.
▪ The youngsters had a severe chest infection when he arrived ten days ago which delayed treatment.
▪ The Castleford star took medicine for a throat and chest infection before the second Test in Auckland.
▪ Because there's a constant risk of chest infection, antibiotics are usually given at the first sign of a temperature.
control
▪ Infection control policy An infection control policy should be available to staff, emphasising he importance of the safe disposal of sharps.
▪ Call that hospital and speak with the infection control nurse.
▪ Not only hospitals require an infection control policy.
▪ Similar efforts are needed to promote the appropriate use of antimicrobial drugs and infection control procedures in nursing homes.
▪ Careful planning of facilities, writing of infection control policies and staff training ensures continuity of care and is cost-effective.
▪ The move to care for people with mental health problems in the community presents new infection control challenges. 2.
ear
▪ Ears and nose produce a horrible, stinking, green discharge; ear infection with rupture and suppuration.
▪ The single-dose ceftriaxone treatment has not yet been approved for ear infections by the Food and Drug Administration.
▪ The best approach is to use acute remedies as soon as the ear infection starts.
▪ In fact, an ear infection alone can cause sudden severe pain as fluid builds up in the middle ear.
▪ She had an ear infection and she told the doctor, but it was the first I'd heard of it.
▪ A lingering ear infection got him grounded.
▪ Hepar may be needed after Mercurius. Ear infections with a bloody, purulent, cheesy smelling discharge and sticking pains.
▪ Take care to be gentle, since these ear infections are intensely irritating and painful.
lung
▪ He contracted a lung infection which did not respond to treatment.
▪ Loi promised to keep warm, and Joe started him on a course of antibiotics to try to clear the lung infection.
▪ Only in the last two weeks had the malaise set in, ever since his lung infection had taken hold.
▪ Meanwhile Davis continued to suffer with a string of health problems, including lung infections and a hip replacement.
▪ Garlic's reputation for curing colds and lung infections has also gained orthodox medical recognition.
rate
▪ Explants showed excellent preservation of crypt architecture, with an infection rate and crypt necrosis rate of less than 1%.
▪ It has managed to keep its infection rate below 2 %.
▪ However, even a 10 % infection rate is a total disaster for any society.
▪ Hepatitis B has become a hyper-epidemic with a 60 % infection rate.
▪ Then, suddenly, infection rates will drop fast.
throat
▪ Last year in London's Kilburn National he gargled his way through an entire set with a bad throat infection.
▪ Goizueta had been released from the hospital Sept. 22 but was re-admitted last week because of a bacterial throat infection.
▪ This complete category of woe would suggest a bacterial throat infection needing antibiotics.
▪ Indeed, he was a sickly child, succumbing with monotonous regularity to ear and throat infections.
▪ Laura has a strain and Grant a throat infection.
▪ Once in a while some one has such a severe throat infection that they form a large boil behind the tonsils.
tract
▪ With further respiratory tract infections there remains a tendency to impaired hearing, but this is transient.
▪ Gastrointestinal tract infections 1, 377 0. 6&038;.
▪ It is now doubtful whether urinary tract infection has any role to play in the production of this renal lesion.
▪ Gastrointestinal tract infections 985 0. 4&038;.
▪ We are not aware of reports from developing countries of the outcome of hypoxaemia in children with acute lower respiratory tract infection.
▪ Are women getting education and treatment for reproductive tract infections?
virus
▪ This rules out the possibility that autoantibodies are merely a consequence of hepatitis C virus infection.
▪ This resurgence of measles disease underscored the need for new assays to characterize measles virus infections.
▪ When the disk is found to be free from a virus infection it is given an electronic signature code.
▪ He is suffering from an ankle injury and a virus infection.
▪ But some virus infections can follow another path, other than the acute cycle of replication.
▪ The mechanism responsible for secretion or intracellular retention of pre-S peptides in chronic hepatitis B virus infection is uncertain.
▪ There is at present no reliable marker to determine whether autoimmunity or hepatitis C virus infection is the major disease process.
▪ Over half the patients who acquire acute hepatitis C virus infection develop chronic hepatitis.
yeast
▪ Recurrent oral and vaginal yeast infections occurred in two patients receiving cyclosporin and oral thrush occurred in one patient receiving placebo.
▪ Well, there are jokes about yeast infections, frostbite, liver transplants and cereal variety packs.
▪ Thrush Thrush is caused by a yeast infection.
▪ For example, yogurt has been shown to reduce yeast infections in women.
■ VERB
acquire
▪ The other two women had negative results at baseline and acquired infections that had persisted for 36 months at time of biopsy.
▪ Such networks may also provide a more effective means for monitoring occupationally acquired infections in hospital and laboratory personnel.
▪ The more often that this happens, the more likely is any individual to acquire infection.
▪ Horses are thought to acquire infection mainly from pastures contaminated by donkeys during the summer months.
associate
▪ Most instances have been associated with infection, blood transfusion, or termination of pregnancy.
▪ Of these 10 patients, seven had no symptoms classically associated with tuberculous infection.
cause
▪ Such changes, when caused by trichomonal infection, are rapidly reversible with anti-protozoal treatment.
▪ Unlike necrotizing fasciitis, the toxic shock caused by strep infection was virtually unheard of 10 years ago.
▪ It's tempting to squeeze but by doing so you can cause infection and scarring.
▪ The other camp thought we were there to hurt people on purpose, to cause infections and maim people.
▪ If left untreated, it can cause a mild infection in the baby when it is born.
▪ This process, known as animal recycling, causes a low-level infection to become dramatically amplified.
▪ Their importance, like that of cytomegalovirus, lies in their propensity for causing serious perinatal infection.
▪ It can be triggered by viruses, including those that cause upper respiratory infections, such as the influenza virus.
develop
▪ A sick Gooch should not have played in Calcutta with a debilitating virus which developed into a chest infection.
▪ Three of the disulfiram implanted patients developed wound infections.
▪ Jonadab always relied on the leaves for treating any horse which developed an infection or chill in the bladder.
▪ After an unsafe and unsanitary procedure, Rosie developed a raging infection.
▪ Subjects who developed a symptomatic infection of the upper respiratory tract were retested while ill and again one month later when asymptomatic.
▪ Now he's in the Churchill Hospital after developing an infection.
▪ Possibly she had pulled her stitches, or had developed an infection in them.
emerge
▪ The plan is a first step in addressing the threats to health in the United States posed by emerging infections.
▪ Expand the use of Sentinel Surveillance Networks to complement other surveillance methods for detecting and monitoring emerging infections.
▪ These foundations support the infrastructure needed to address the ongoing, but often changing, threats from emerging infections.
▪ Our vulnerability to emerging infections was dramatically demonstrated in 1993.
▪ Clearly, emerging infections can affect people everywhere, regardless of lifestyle, cultural or ethnic background, or socioeconomic status.
▪ Current systems that monitor infectious diseases domestically and internationally are inadequate to confront the present and future challenges of emerging infections.
▪ Better understanding of animal reservoirs and vectors of infectious agents is important in anticipating and controlling emerging infections.
▪ Evaluate vaccine efficacy and the costs and benefits of vaccination programs for emerging infections.
fight
▪ Leslie's body was fighting off an infection known as toxoplasmosis.
▪ They also provide some zinc, helpful to the immune system for fighting infection, and a wide array of B vitamins.
▪ That's enough to provide 100 antibiotic tablets to fight infections and sufficient vaccine to protect four children from polio for life.
▪ Meanwhile I was to fight off infection.
▪ When white blood cells are damaged, your ability to fight off infections is reduced.
▪ These antibodies remain, ready to fight a true infection.
▪ This virus affects the body's defence system so that it can not fight infection.
▪ Normally white blood cells fight off and kill infections.
increase
▪ Vascular access may increase the risk of infection but cannulas are not usually colonised by organisms originating in the gut.
▪ These populations are at increased risk for emerging infections, and their medical management is complex and costly.
▪ It also can increase the chance of infection.
▪ There have been conflicting reports concerning the form of gastrin that is increased in H pylori infection.
occur
▪ If a further infection occurs in some one who has already suffered from scabies, the course of events may be very different.
▪ About 8, 500 new infections occur daily with one of ten known subtypes.
▪ But the charity stresses that infection can occur on first contact with an infected partner or needle.
▪ Women get kidney stones most often during that same age period as a result of an infection that occurs with pregnancy.
▪ In lambs, patent infections first occur in early summer, but the heaviest infections are usually seen in autumn.
▪ A second weakness is that even when infection does occur, illness is postponed for many years, perhaps even decades.
▪ Bacterial and fungal infections almost always occur at the site of an earlier wound.
▪ An alternative explanation is that familial infection is occurring from a point source.
prevent
▪ It is therefore vital to control fleas if you are to prevent infection by this species of tapeworm.
▪ Mackowiak theorizes that this evolved to quickly kill badly infected organisms to prevent epidemic infection within species.
▪ In hospital Andrew suffered serious side-effects when he was given a drug to prevent infection.
▪ Activities i. Determine which behaviors prevent or foster emerging infections and how to promote or discourage these behaviors.
▪ The rash application of strong antiseptic solutions to prevent or ward off infection is another rare cause of urethritis.
▪ Alexander said that careful personal hygiene and good eating habits are the best ways to prevent infection.
▪ The wounds of both eyes and rootstocks should be dusted with charcoal or sulphur to help prevent infection.
▪ Flu shots can not prevent infection with other viruses.
reduce
▪ It would seem reasonable to assume that measures aimed at treating calculi in these patients may reduce the frequency of infection.
▪ But there is a third strategy that might reduce infection in relationships.
▪ Zoos have been advised by the Ministry of Agriculture to take steps to reduce the risk of infection.
▪ For example, yogurt has been shown to reduce yeast infections in women.
▪ In the past decade attention has turned towards selective decontamination of the gut in an attempt to reduce these nosocomial infections.
▪ Babies are being infected, and available drugs could reduce the rate of infection.
▪ This reduces the risk of infection - it doesn't eliminate it.
show
▪ In the first incident, it still has not been shown that the infection derived from inside the hospital.
▪ For example, yogurt has been shown to reduce yeast infections in women.
▪ Successive progeny from the same dam often shown heavy infections.
▪ Epidemiologic evidence showing that human papillomavirus infection causes most cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.
▪ The results showed that an infection was present which was sensitive to ampicillin.
▪ It also shows that the infection increases both basal and stimulated acid secretion.
spread
▪ But these dangerous people-they can spread the infection without knowing it-are very few indeed.
▪ Because mucous can contain viruses and bacteria, it can spread infections to others.
▪ The speed of modern communications would spread the infection all over the world within days.
suffer
▪ Your Blue Ring Angel is suffering from a viral infection called Lymphocystis.
▪ Many suffered from infections and disease.
▪ She had been admitted suffering from a chest infection.
▪ At other times, he suffered serious infections and pneumonia and became very depressed.
▪ Newly imported Angelfish sometimes suffer from a viral infection called Lymphocystis.
▪ Several were suffering from diarrhoea or infections.
▪ Three rats in the low fibre diet group suffered from middle ear infections and were removed from the study.
▪ They frequently suffer chest infections and have a low life expectancy.
transmit
▪ This is not to say that such a person can not transmit infection.
treat
▪ While interferon production was certainly induced by this compound its efficacy in treating viral infections bas so far been disappointing.
▪ Loi felt very unwell, and Joe was trying to treat the infection with a different type of antibiotic.
▪ The injection is not a conventional vaccine as it treats the infection rather than being used as a preventive measure.
▪ The second is to treat the infection promptly when discovered.
EXAMPLES FROM OTHER ENTRIES
▪ If you don't clean the wound properly you could get an infection.
▪ Roz was suffering from a throat infection and could hardly talk.
▪ The antibiotic ointment will prevent infection.
EXAMPLES FROM CORPUS
▪ Diseases and infections were spread through poor sanitary conditions and efforts were slowly made to combat this.
▪ I then got a bad infection in my left eye which my doctor suggested was due to the contact lens.
▪ If the infection is unchecked, peritonitis may follow and gonorrhoea becomes a life-threatening emergency.
▪ Maternal infection can result in fetal infection and damage and is estimated to occur in 0-1-0-5% of pregnancies in the United Kingdom.
▪ Men have brought infection home to their wives, and the disease has penetrated the entire society.
▪ Rheumatic fever as a child, so the infection settled there, on the weakest spot.
▪ Secondly they act on E coli, bacteria responsible for the vast majority of urine infections.
▪ The principal clinical signs in heavy infections are rapid weight loss and diarrhoea.