What is "plane"

aeroplane \aer"*o*plane`\ aeroplane \a"["e]r*o*plane`\, n. [a["e]ro- + plane.] (A["e]ronautics)

1. A light rigid plane used in a["e]rial navigation to oppose sudden upward or downward movement in the air, as in gliding machines; specif., such a plane slightly inclined and driven forward as a lifting device in some flying machines. Also called airfoil.

2. hence, a heavier-than-air flying machine using such a device to provide lift. In a modern aeroplane, the airfoils are called the wings, and most of the lift is derived from these surfaces. In contrast to helicopters, the wings are fixed to the passenger compartment (airframe) and do not move relative to the frame; thus such a machine is called a fixed-wing aircraft. These machines are called monoplanes, biplanes, triplanes, or quadruplanes, according to the number of main supporting planes (wings) used in their construction. After 1940 few planes with more than one airfoil were constructed, and these are used by hobbyists or for special purposes. Being heavier than air they depend for their levitation on motion imparted by the thrust from either propellers driven by an engine, or, in a jet plane, by the reaction from a high-velocity stream of gases expelled rearward from a jet engine. They start from the ground by a run on small wheels or runners, and are guided by a steering apparatus consisting of horizontal and vertical movable planes, which usually form part of the wings or tail. There are many varieties of form and construction, which in some cases are known by the names of their inventors. In U.S., an aeroplane is usually called an airplane or plane.

"flat surface," c.1600, from Latin planum "flat surface, plane, level, plain," noun use of neuter of adjective planus "flat, level, even, plain, clear," from PIE *pla-no- (cognates: Lithuanian plonas "thin;" Celtic *lanon "plain;" perhaps also Greek pelanos "sacrificial cake, a mixture offered to the gods, offering (of meal, honey, and oil) poured or spread"), suffixed form of root *pele- (2) "to spread out; broad, flat" (cognates: Old Church Slavonic polje "flat land, field," Russian polyi "open;" Old English and Old High German feld, Middle Dutch veld "field"). Introduced (perhaps by influence of French plan in this sense) to differentiate the geometrical senses from plain, which in mid-16c. English also meant "geometric plane." Figurative sense is attested from 1850. As an adjective from 1660s.

1908, short for aeroplane (see airplane).

"tool for smoothing surfaces," mid-14c., from Old French plane, earlier plaine (14c.), from Late Latin plana, back-formation from planare "make level," from Latin planus "level, flat" (see plane (n.1)).

"soar, glide on motionless wings," early 15c., from Old French planer "to hover (as a bird), to lie flat," from plan (n.) "plane," from Latin planum "flat surface" (see plane (n.1)), on notion of bird gliding with flattened wings. Of boats, etc., "to skim over the surface of water," it is first found 1913. Related: Planed; planing.

"tree of the genus Platanus," late 14c., from Old French plane, earlier plasne (14c.), from Latin platanus, from Greek platanos, earlier platanistos "plane tree," a species from Asia Minor, associated with platys "broad" (see plaice (n.)), in reference to its leaves. Applied since 1778 in Scotland and northern England to the sycamore, whose leaves somewhat resemble those of the true plane tree.

"to make smooth," early 14c., "to gloss over, explain away;" mid-14c. as "to make smooth or even," from Old French planer "to smooth, level off; wipe away, erase" (12c.), from Late Latin planare "make level," from Latin planus "level, flat" (see plane (n.1)). In early use in English often plain. Related: Planed; planing.

Etymology 1

1. Of a surface: flat or level. n. 1 A level or flat surface. 2 (context geometry English) A flat surface extending infinitely in all directions (e.g. horizontal or vertical plane). 3 A level of existence or development. (''eg'', ''astral '''plane''''') 4 A roughly flat, thin, often moveable structure used to create lateral force by the flow of air or water over its surface, found on aircraft, submarines, etc. 5 (context computing Unicode English) Any of a number of designated ranges of sequential code points. 6 (context anatomy English) An imaginary plane which divides the body into two portions. Etymology 2

   n. (context countable English) A tool for smoothing wood by removing thin layers from the surface. v

2. (context transitive English) To smooth (wood) with a plane. Etymology 3

   n. An airplane; an aeroplane. vb. 1 (context nautical English) To move in a way that lifts the bow of a boat out of the water. 2 To glide or soar. Etymology 4

   n. 1 (senseid en deciduous tree)(context countable English) A deciduous tree of the genus ''Platanus''. 2 (context Northern UK English) A sycamore.

adj. having a horizontal surface in which no part is higher or lower than another; "a flat desk"; "acres of level farmland"; "a plane surface" [syn: flat, level]

1. v. cut or remove with or as if with a plane; "The machine shaved off fine layers from the piece of wood" [syn: shave]

2. travel on the surface of water [syn: skim]

3. make even or smooth, with or as with a carpenter's plane; "plane the top of the door"

1. n. an aircraft that has a fixed wing and is powered by propellers or jets; "the flight was delayed due to trouble with the airplane" [syn: airplane, aeroplane]

2. (mathematics) an unbounded two-dimensional shape; "we will refer to the plane of the graph as the X-Y plane"; "any line joining two points on a plane lies wholly on that plane" [syn: sheet]

3. a level of existence or development; "he lived on a worldly plane"

4. a power tool for smoothing or shaping wood [syn: planer, planing machine]

5. a carpenter's hand tool with an adjustable blade for smoothing or shaping wood; "the cabinetmaker used a plane for the finish work" [syn: carpenter's plane, woodworking plane]

Plane or planes may refer to:

The Plane is a river in Brandenburg, Germany, left tributary of the Havel. Its total length is . The Plane originates in the High Fläming Nature Park, near Rabenstein. It flows north through Planetal and Golzow. The Plane joins the Havel in the Breitlingsee lake west of Brandenburg an der Havel.

Category:Rivers of Brandenburg 2Plane 1Plane

Pláně is a village and municipality ( obec) in Plzeň-North District in the Plzeň Region of the Czech Republic.

The municipality covers an area of , and has a population of 259 (as at 3 July 2006).

Pláně lies approximately north of Plzeň and west of Prague.

In mathematics, a plane is a flat, two- dimensional surface that extends infinitely far. A plane is the two-dimensional analogue of a point (zero dimensions), a line (one dimension) and three-dimensional space. Planes can arise as subspaces of some higher-dimensional space, as with a room's walls extended infinitely far, or they may enjoy an independent existence in their own right, as in the setting of Euclidean geometry.

When working exclusively in two-dimensional Euclidean space, the definite article is used, so, the plane refers to the whole space. Many fundamental tasks in mathematics, geometry, trigonometry, graph theory and graphing are performed in a two-dimensional space, or in other words, in the plane.

A hand plane is a tool for shaping wood. When powered by electricity, the tool may be called a planer. Planes are used to flatten, reduce the thickness of, and impart a smooth surface to a rough piece of lumber or timber. Planing is used to produce horizontal, vertical, or inclined flat surfaces on workpieces usually too large for shaping. Special types of planes are designed to cut joints or decorative mouldings.

Hand planes are generally the combination of a cutting edge, such as a sharpened metal plate, attached to a firm body, that when moved over a wood surface, take up relatively uniform shavings, by nature of the body riding on the 'high spots' in the wood, and also by providing a relatively constant angle to the cutting edge, render the planed surface very smooth. A cutter which extends below the bottom surface, or sole, of the plane slices off shavings of wood. A large, flat sole on a plane guides the cutter to remove only the highest parts of an imperfect surface, until, after several passes, the surface is flat and smooth. When used for flattening, bench planes with longer soles are preferred for boards with longer longitudinal dimensions. A longer sole registers against a greater portion of the board's face or edge surface which leads to a more consistently flat surface or straighter edge. Conversely, using a smaller plane allows for more localized low or high spots to remain.

Though most planes are pushed across a piece of wood, holding it with one or both hands, Japanese planes are pulled toward the body, not pushed away.

Woodworking machinery that perform the same function as hand planes include the jointer and the thickness planer, also called a thicknesser. When rough lumber is reduced to dimensional lumber, a large electric motor or internal combustion engine will drive a thickness planer that removes excess wood to create a uniform, smooth surface on all four sides of the lumber and may also plane the edges.

The planes of the Dungeons & Dragons roleplaying game constitute the multiverse in which the game takes place.

In the earliest versions of Dungeons & Dragons, the concept of the Inner, Ethereal, Prime Material, Astral, and Outer Planes was introduced; at the time there were only four Inner Planes and no set number of Outer Planes. This later evolved into the Great Wheel cosmology. The fourth edition of the game used a different, very simplified cosmology with just six main planes called the World Axis Cosmology. The fifth edition has brought back a new version of the Great Wheel cosmology.

In addition, some Dungeons & Dragons settings have cosmologies that are very different from the "standard" ones discussed here. For example, the Eberron setting has only seventeen planes in total, most of which are unique to Eberron.

Plane ( Cyrillic: Плане) is a village in the Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina. According to the 1991 census, the village is located in the municipality of Han Pijesak.

In esoteric cosmology, a plane other than the physical plane is conceived as a subtle state of consciousness that transcends the known physical universe.

The concept may be found in religious and esoteric teachings—e.g. Vedanta ( Advaita Vedanta), Ayyavazhi, shamanism, Hermeticism, Neoplatonism, Gnosticism, Kashmir Shaivism, Sant Mat/ Surat Shabd Yoga, Sufism, Druze, Kabbalah, Theosophy, Anthroposophy, Rosicrucianism ( Esoteric Christian), Eckankar, Ascended Master Teachings, etc.—which propound the idea of a whole series of subtle planes or worlds or dimensions which, from a center, interpenetrate themselves and the physical planet in which we live, the solar systems, and all the physical structures of the universe. This interpenetration of planes culminates in the universe itself as a physical structured, dynamic and evolutive expression emanated through a series of steadily denser stages, becoming progressively more material and embodied.

The emanation is conceived, according to esoteric teachings, to have originated, at the dawn of the universe's manifestation, in The Supreme Being Who sent out—from the unmanifested Absolute beyond comprehension—the dynamic force of creative energy, as sound-vibration ("the Word"), into the abyss of space. Alternatively, it states that this dynamic force is being sent forth, through the ages, framing all things that constitute and inhabit the universe.

In the Unicode standard, a plane is a continuous group of 65,536 (= 2) code points. There are 17 planes, identified by the numbers 0 to 16, which corresponds with the possible values 00–10 of the first two positions in six position format (hhhhhh). The planes above plane 0 (the Basic Multilingual Plane), that is, planes 1–16, are called “supplementary planes”, or humorously known as “ astral planes”. As of Unicode version 9.0, six of the planes have assigned code points (characters), and four are named.

The limit of 17 (which is not a power of 2) is due to the design of UTF-16, and is the maximum value that can be encoded by it. UTF-8 was designed with a much larger limit of 2 code points (32,768 planes), and can encode 2 code points (32 planes) even if limited to 4 bytes.

The 17 planes can accommodate 1,114,112 code points, of which 2,048 are surrogates, 66 are non-characters, and 137,468 are reserved for private use, leaving 974,530 for public assignment.

Planes are further subdivided into Unicode blocks, which unlike planes, do not have a fixed size. The 273 blocks defined in Unicode 9.0 cover 24 percent of the possible code point space, and range in size from a minimum of 16 code points (twelve blocks) to a maximum of 65,536 code points (Supplementary Private Use Area-A and -B, which constitute the entirety of planes 15 and 16). For future usage, ranges of characters have been tentatively mapped out for most known current and ancient writing systems.

Planē or Plane (, pronounced "pla-neh"), in ancient Greek religion, was an abstract goddess, the personification of the concept of error (her name deriving from the Greek term for 'wandering' [see planet ] ). Though her mythology is obscure, it is known that she was present at the musical competition between the god Apollo and the satyr Marsyas. She is depicted in that scene, looking on in horror at the sight of Marsyas about to be flayed for losing, in a few 4th century mosaics in the House of Aion in Nea Paphos.

Planē (or Plane) is also referred to, as an abstract concept, in Christian and Gnostic philosophy.