What is "division"

Compound \Com"pound\,

1. [OE. compouned, p. p. of compounen. See Compound, v. t.] Composed of two or more elements, ingredients, parts; produced by the union of several ingredients, parts, or things; composite; as, a compound word.

   Compound substances are made up of two or more simple substances.
   --I. Watts.

   Compound addition, subtraction, multiplication, division (Arith.), the addition, subtraction, etc., of compound numbers.

   Compound crystal (Crystallog.), a twin crystal, or one seeming to be made up of two or more crystals combined according to regular laws of composition.

   Compound engine (Mech.), a form of steam engine in which the steam that has been used in a high-pressure cylinder is made to do further service in a larger low-pressure cylinder, sometimes in several larger cylinders, successively.

   Compound ether. (Chem.) See under Ether.

   Compound flower (Bot.), a flower head resembling a single flower, but really composed of several florets inclosed in a common calyxlike involucre, as the sunflower or dandelion.

   Compound fraction. (Math.) See Fraction.

   Compound fracture. See Fracture.

   Compound householder, a householder who compounds or arranges with his landlord that his rates shall be included in his rents. [Eng.]

   Compound interest. See Interest.

   Compound larceny. (Law) See Larceny.

   Compound leaf (Bot.), a leaf having two or more separate blades or leaflets on a common leafstalk.

   Compound microscope. See Microscope.

   Compound motion. See Motion.

   Compound number (Math.), one constructed according to a varying scale of denomination; as, 3 cwt., 1 qr., 5 l

2. ; -- called also denominate number.

   Compound pier (Arch.), a clustered column.

   Compound quantity (Alg.), a quantity composed of two or more simple quantities or terms, connected by the sign + (plus) or - (minus). Thus, a + b - c, and bb - b, are compound quantities.

   Compound radical. (Chem.) See Radical.

   Compound ratio (Math.), the product of two or more ratios; thus ab:cd is a ratio compounded of the simple ratios a:c and b:d.

   Compound rest (Mech.), the tool carriage of an engine lathe.

   Compound screw (Mech.), a screw having on the same axis two or more screws with different pitch (a differential screw), or running in different directions (a right and left screw).

   Compound time (Mus.), that in which two or more simple measures are combined in one; as, 6-8 time is the joining of two measures of 3-8 time.

   Compound word, a word composed of two or more words; specifically, two or more words joined together by a hyphen.

late 14c., from Old French division, from Latin divisionem (nominative divisio), from divid-, stem of dividere (see divide). Military sense is first recorded 1590s. Mathematical sense is from early 15c. The mathematical division sign supposedly was invented by British mathematician John Pell (1611-1685) who taught at Cambridge and Amsterdam.

n. 1 (context uncountable English) The act or process of dividing anything. 2 Each of the separate parts of something resulting from division. 3 (context arithmetic uncountable English) The process of divide a number by another. 4 (context arithmetic English) A calculation that involves this process. 5 (context military English) A formation, usually made up of two or three brigades. 6 A section of a large company. 7 (context biology taxonomy English) A rank (Latin ''divisio'') below kingdom and above class, particularly used of plant or fungus, also (particularly of animals) called a phylum; a taxon at that rank 8 A disagreement; a difference of viewpoint between two sides of an argument. 9 (context music English) A florid instrumental variation of a melody in the 17th and 18th centuries, originally conceived as the dividing of each of a succession of long notes into several short ones. 10 (context music English) A set of pipes in a pipe organ which are independently controlled and supplied. 11 (context legal English) A concept whereby a common group of debtors are only responsible for their proportionate sum of the total debt. 12 (context computing English) Any of the four major parts of a COBOL program source code 13 (context UK Eton College English) A lesson; a class.

1. n. an army unit large enough to sustain combat; "two infantry divisions were held in reserve"

2. one of the portions into which something is regarded as divided and which together constitute a whole; "the written part of the exam"; "the finance section of the company"; "the BBC's engineering division" [syn: part, section]

3. the act or process of dividing

4. an administrative unit in government or business

5. an arithmetic operation that is the inverse of multiplication; the quotient of two numbers is computed

6. discord that splits a group [syn: variance]

7. a league ranked by quality; "he played baseball in class D for two years"; "Princeton is in the NCAA Division 1-AA" [syn: class]

8. (biology) a group of organisms forming a subdivision of a larger category

9. (botany) taxonomic unit of plants corresponding to a phylum

10. a unit of the United States Air Force usually comprising two or more wings [syn: air division]

11. a group of ships of similar type [syn: naval division]

12. the act of dividing or partitioning; separation by the creation of a boundary that divides or keeps apart [syn: partition, partitioning, segmentation, sectionalization, sectionalisation]

Division or divider may refer to:

In biology, a division is the equivalent of a phylum in a kingdom. Botanists use the word "division" where zoologists use the word "phylum". In biology, a phylum is a taxonomic rank below kingdom and above class.

In sports, a division is a group of teams who compete against each other for a championship.

A division is a type of administrative division of some Asian and African countries, as well as a sub-division of entities in England. Some have been dissolved or been renamed.

Division is 10 Years's fourth studio album and second major label release which was released May 13, 2008. The first single was "Beautiful". It has so far sold over 250,000 copies in the US.

Division was a station on the Chicago Transit Authority's North Side Main Line, which is now part of the Brown Line. The station was located at 322 W. Division Street in the Near North Side neighborhood of Chicago. Division was situated south of Schiller and north of Oak, both of which closed at the same time as Division. Division opened on May 31, 1900, and closed on August 1, 1949, along with 22 other stations as part of a CTA service revision.

Division is one of the four basic operations of arithmetic, the others being addition, subtraction, and multiplication. The division of two natural numbers is the process of calculating the number of times one number is contained within one another. For example, in the picture on the right, the 20 apples are divided into groups of five apples, and there exist four groups, meaning that five can be contained within 20 four times, or . Division can also be thought of as the process of evaluating a fraction, and fractional notation ( and ) is commonly used to represent division.

Division is the inverse of multiplication; if , then , as long as is not zero. Division by zero is undefined for the real numbers and most other contexts, because if , then cannot be deduced from and , as then will always equal zero regardless of . In some contexts, division by zero can be defined although to a limited extent, and limits involving division of a real number as it approaches zero are defined.

In division, the dividend is divided by the divisor to get a quotient. In the above example, 20 is the dividend, five is the divisor, and the quotient is four. In some cases, the divisor may not be contained fully by the dividend; for example, leaves a remainder of as 10 is not a multiple of three. Normally, this remainder is added to the quotient so would equal or , but in the context of integer division, where numbers have no fractional part, the remainder is discarded.

Besides dividing apples, division can be applied to other physical and abstract objects. Division has been defined in several contexts, such as for the real and complex numbers and for more abstract contexts such as for vector spaces and fields.

Teaching division usually leads to the concept of fractions being introduced to school pupils. Unlike addition, subtraction, and multiplication, the set of all integers is not closed under division. Dividing two integers may result in a remainder. To complete the division of the remainder, the number system is extended to include fractions or rational numbers as they are more generally called.

A division is a large military unit or formation, usually consisting of between 10,000 and 20,000 soldiers. Infantry divisions during the World Wars usually numbered 30,000 or more.

In most armies, a division is composed of several regiments or brigades; in turn, several divisions typically make up a corps. In most modern militaries, a division tends to be the smallest combined arms unit capable of independent operations; this is due to its self-sustaining role as a unit with a range of combat troops and suitable combat support forces, which can be arranged into various organic combinations.

While the focus of this article is on army divisions, in naval usage division has a completely different meaning, referring either to an administrative/functional sub-unit of a department (e.g., fire control division of the weapons department) aboard naval and coast guard ships, shore commands, and in naval aviation units (including navy, marine corps, and coast guard aviation), to a sub-unit of several ships within a flotilla or squadron, or to two or three sections of aircraft operating under a designated division leader.

In administrative/functional sub-unit usage unit size varies widely, though typically divisions number far less than 100 people and are roughly equivalent in function and organizational hierarchy/command relationship to a platoon or flight (military unit). In Commonwealth navies and the U.S. Navy and Coast Guard, as well as in USMC aviation squadrons (as they use naval aviation organizational structure), a division/divisional officer (DIVO) is usually an ensign, lieutenant (jg), or lieutenant (second or first lieutenant, or captain in USMC), and there may be assistant division officers as well, depending upon the size and type of organization. The division officer is roughly equivalent in authority, and responsibility to an army or marine corps platoon leader/commander or an air force flight leader/commander. The division officer's department head is usually a senior lieutenant or a lieutenant commander (senior captain or a major in USMC). However, on large ships such as aircraft carriers or some larger amphibious warships, a division officer may be a lieutenant commander and the department head a commander.

A naval division is a subdivision of a squadron or flotilla.

Division, in horticulture and gardening, is a method of asexual plant propagation, where the plant (usually an herbaceous perennial) is broken up into two or more parts. Both the root and crown of each part is kept intact. The technique is of ancient origin, and has long been used to propagate bulbs such as garlic and saffron. Division is mainly practiced by gardeners and very small nurseries, as most commercial plant propagation is now done through plant tissue culture.

Division is one of the three main methods used by gardeners to increase stocks of plants (the other two are seed-sowing and cuttings). Division is usually applied to mature perennial plants, but may also be used for shrubs with suckering roots, such as gaultheria, kerria and sarcococca. Annual and biennial plants do not lend themselves to this procedure, as their lifespan is too short.

Most perennials are best divided and replanted every few years to keep them healthy. They may also be divided in order to produce new plants. Those with woody crowns or fleshy roots need to be cut apart, while others can be prized apart using garden forks or hand forks. Each separate section must have both shoots and roots. Division can take place at almost any time of the year, but the best seasons are Autumn and Spring.

A division of a business or business division (sometimes called a business sector) is one of the parts into which a business, organization or company is divided. The divisions are distinct parts of that business. If these divisions are all part of the same company, then that company is legally responsible for all of the obligations and debts of the divisions. However, in a large organization, various parts of the business may be run by different subsidiaries, and a business division may include one or many subsidiaries. Each subsidiary is a separate legal entity owned by the primary business or by another subsidiary in the hierarchy. Often a division operates under a separate name and is the equivalent of a corporation or limited liability company obtaining a fictitious name or " doing business as" certificate and operating a business under that fictitious name. Companies often set up business units to operate in divisions prior to the legal formation of subsidiaries.

Generally, only an "entity", e.g. a corporation, public limited company (plc) or limited liability company, etc. would have a "division"; an individual operating in this manner would simply be "operating under a fictitious name".

An example of this would be to look at Hewlett Packard (HP), the computer and printer company. HP has several divisions, with the printer division, that makes laser and inkjet printers, being the largest and most profitable division. The divisions of HP, like the Printing & Multifunction division, the Handheld Devices (includes the old calculator) division, the Servers division (mini and mainframe computers), etc., all use the HP brand name. But, Compaq (a part of HP since 2002), operates as a subsidiary, using the Compaq brand name.

Mack Trucks continues to run itself separately, but is a wholly owned subsidiary of AB Volvo. Volvo Trucks also sells trucks under the Volvo name. Within Mack, there is a division named Mack de Venezuela C.A. that does final assembly and sells trucks in South America.

Another less obvious example is that Google Video is a division of Google, and is part of the same corporate entity. But the YouTube video service is a subsidiary of Google because it remains operated as YouTube, LLC, a separate business entity even though it is owned by Google.

In music, division refers to a type of ornamentation or variation common in 16th and 17th century music in which each note of a melodic line is "divided" into several shorter, faster-moving notes, often by a rhythmic repetition of a simple musical device such as the trill, turn or cambiata on each note in turn, or by the introduction of nonchord tones or arpeggio figures.

The word was used in this sense to describe improvised coloratura ornamentation as used by opera singers of the day, but it made a ready way of devising variations upon a theme, and was particularly cultivated in the form of the "division on a ground" - the building of successively higher and faster parts onto a repeating bass-line. Examples of "divisions on a ground" were written by, among others, John Jenkins and Christopher Simpson. Simpson gives a lengthy explanation of the art of free improvisation over an ostinato bass-line in his book The Division Viol (1665).

Division (stylized as DIVISION) is the sixth studio album by Japanese visual kei rock band The Gazette, released on August 29, 2012 in Japan by Sony Music Records. It is a double album, the first disk containing alternative metal and nu metal songs and the second disk containing industrial metal songs in the limited edition, including 14 songs, the first CD has mostly Japanese titled tracks, while the second CD has only English titled tracks, and a DVD with the promotional videos "Ibitsu" and "Derangement" each disc (including the DVD) has their own name. The regular edition includes 12 songs. Is the first release that does not include promotional singles since their sixth EP Gama.

A Japanese tour, called Live Tour12 -DIVISION- Groan of Diplosomia 01, to promote the album, was held on October 8, 2012 at the Yokosuka Arts Theatre and finished on November 29, 2012 at the NHK Hall with a total of 24 performances.

The second part of the tour called Live Tour13 -DIVISION- Groan of Diplosomia 02 with a total of 6 performances began on February 2, 2013 and finished in the final concert Melt on Saitama Super Arena. A DVD was released with recorded live footage of the Melt concert on June 26, 2013.

The album scored number 3 on the Oricon Daily Charts and number 4 on the Oricon Weekly Charts, selling 23,051 copies in its first week.