What does class mean

Crossword clues for class

class

Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English

class

I.noun

COLLOCATIONS FROM OTHER ENTRIES

a cookery class/lesson

▪ I had basic cookery lessons at school.

add a touch of glamour/class (to sth)

▪ Champagne always adds a touch of glamour to the occasion.

an exercise class

▪ I usually go to my exercise class on Wednesdays.

antenatal classes

▪ Many young mothers do not attend antenatal classes.

business class

cabin class

class action

▪ class-action lawsuits

class background

▪ Class background is an important factor in the level of schooling achieved.

class clown (=someone in a school class who behaves in a funny or silly way)

class conscious (=concerned about what class of society people come from)

▪ In the past, people were much more class conscious.

class consciousness

class differences (=between different classes of society)

▪ People’s answers to the questions showed clear class differences.

class inequality (=inequality between social classes)

▪ Class inequality is firmly embedded in our society.

class prejudice

▪ Those old class prejudices haven’t gone away.

class structure (=the way society is organized according to people’s education, jobs, income etc)

▪ Britain had a very rigid class structure.

class struggle

class/team/work etc mate

▪ Dad’s office mates are throwing a party for him.

club class

cultural/racial/class barriers

▪ Sport is a sure way to break down racial barriers.

economy class syndrome

economy class

▪ We flew economy class.

evening class

first class

▪ We prefer to travel in first class.

first/second/third class honours degree

lower class

middle class

▪ This led to the creation of a new, affluent middle class.

night class

racial/class/gender etc division

▪ The old class divisions had begun to break down.

reception class

repeat a class/grade/year (=do the same class at school again the following year)

ruling class

▪ A ruling class clearly existed.

second class

skip school/classespecially AmE

▪ He skipped chemistry class three times last month.

third class

▪ We travelled third-class.

tourist class

upper class

▪ upper-class families

working class

▪ Marx wrote about the political struggles of the working class.

COLLOCATIONS FROM CORPUS

■ ADJECTIVE

high

▪ Apogee have made an entry into the educational market with this first high class educational game.

▪ One day I changed from second class to high class.

▪ Eventually they were replaced, moved to higher classes, or learned Hausa.

▪ Ellsworth had graduated seventh in a high school class of 400.

▪ Are they both unskilled workers or is she in a higher class than her husband?

▪ In my high school class, only 4 of us survived.

▪ Food for higher classes is increasingly split between the two fractions of the dominant class.

▪ This is high class, incredible tasting stuff.

low

▪ By the end of the nineteenth century the lower middle classes were actually seen as the bulwark of respectability.

▪ In college he loved a young girl of a lower class and ruined her; she died a suicide.

▪ Black immigrants to Britain in the 1960s were in the lowest housing class.

▪ Ultimately, in an episode of the class war, a lower class succeeds in overthrowing the highest class.

▪ Cost per pupil may be low because class sizes are high.

▪ His wife died from being too lower class.

▪ No way was found to rally or organize the urban lower middle classes.

▪ Some historians now view it as an attempt by the state to exercise more effective though subtle control over the lower classes.

middle

▪ This is obviously not the case in Britain, where the ideology of the white middle classes dominates.

▪ The middle class had formed no independent standards of honor.

▪ The middle class found this hard to understand.

▪ And in this regard there is no doubt that the middle classes of the emerging world have an edge.

▪ First, it failed because it did not benefit the poor as much as it did the middle classes.

▪ They were better than middle class.

▪ The restitution was described by Klaus as accelerating the re-establishment of a property-owning entrepreneurial middle class.

▪ According to this conventional wisdom, the middle class and the poor think the rich should pay a heavy share.

professional

▪ Of graduates, more than 80% have ended up in the professional and managerial classes.

▪ Recruited from the artisan and professional classes, this group did not stay.

▪ Consistently, those elderly from the professional and managerial classes experience better health than their contemporaries from the manual occupation groups.

▪ His methods had an appeal among the wealthy, professional classes who made up the congregation.

▪ He was served by a professional class of Ottoman civil servants and soldiers.

▪ It also attracts many from the middle or professional classes who have a commitment to social and economic justice.

▪ The older and more substantial houses were occupied by the professional and commercial classes.

▪ Among women of the professional classes especially, individual men are still the focus of potent fantasies.

ruling

▪ Read the extract on p. 16 concerning the ruling class.

▪ He argues that capitalist societies remain polarized between two main classes: the ruling class and the working class.

▪ Marx maintained that in all class societies, the ruling class exploits and oppresses the subject class.

▪ However, Marx believed that ruling class ideology could only slow down the disintegration of the system.

▪ How the bureaucracy relates to the ruling class is more than a matter of origins.

▪ This cast of mind is easily recognizable as the outlook of the traditional ruling class.

▪ The subject class is made up of the majority of the population whereas the ruling or dominant class forms a minority.

▪ Some members of the ruling class have transferred property to relatives and friends to avoid death duties.

social

▪ There are no social class differences.

▪ People used to think that you could work only at those occupations your family or social class were supposed to do.

▪ The motive behind much late nineteenth-century visiting was to put the social classes back in touch with one another.

▪ There were no differences in the use of services by the social class of the older people.

▪ There are, however, no reliable statistics relating to social class and illness over the years.

▪ The passage which opens this chapter is an instance of a satirist attacking a higher social class.

▪ When the authors looked at the proportion of the community experiencing vulnerability factors, important social class differences emerged.

▪ Once thought of as a disorder of upper social classes, it now seems to be well represented across the socioeconomic spectrum.

top

▪ Being in the business the longest, we know the importance of providing a top class service.

▪ How can we attract players to the sport if a top class player is advocating potentially dangerous play?

▪ Stewart rates Gascoigne and Beardsley as the top class acts of the hundreds he appeared with at club level.

▪ I think that a horse has to be a minimum of 7/8 bred now to become a top class event horse.

▪ There's also a superb tennis centre where top class coaches can help you to club championship winning form.

▪ You are still top of the class, aren't you?

▪ Organised by the Eastern Sporting Sidecar Association, the first of 12 scheduled meetings this year has attracted a top class entry.

upper

▪ They could both accept that the upper class should be defined, first and foremost, by its possession of productive capital.

▪ But the magazine also reflected the snobberies and prejudices of the upper classes.

▪ Although development is taking place it is mainly benefitting the middle and upper class communities.

▪ He does not though, claim that the upper classes are all-powerful.

▪ Like Margarett, he was a child of the upper class who had declared himself an artist.

▪ In the upper classes women often remained unmarried because their families could not provide sufficient dowries.

working

▪ For Marx and Engels the working class had nothing to lose but their chains of false consciousness.

▪ The dominant class, the capitalists, own and control the means of production and thereby exploit the subordinate working class.

▪ Most central city schools serve primarily poor, working class and minority students.

▪ These later attenders tended to be women who were younger, single, working class.

▪ He posed the question: how do working class kids get working class jobs?

▪ Having established a good working relationship with classes the new teacher may well be able to adopt a freer design with confidence.

▪ The party leadership presumably wants working class unity in the North.

▪ Put it the other way round, what incentives have the police or the white working class got not to be racist?

■ NOUN

action

▪ The only ultimately effective way the worker can resist is through collective class action to overthrow the capitalist mode of production.

▪ The lawsuit later became a class action, representing about 1, 400 current and former black Texaco employees.

▪ Their long-term destiny lies in united working class action and the rejection of other forms of understanding.

▪ A class action can drive you crazy.

▪ A settlement is pending in a recent class action suit against Greyhound.

▪ Sucharow, which represented some of the investors in the class action.

business

▪ The business class and the establishment are not totally closed to outsiders.

▪ While at Stanford law school, she took a business class on entrepreneurship.

▪ The planes have 174 seats - 14 for first class, 30 for business class and 130 economy.

▪ Flying economy class can kill you, and business class isn't much better.

▪ All the while relaxing in one of the biggest business class seats in the business.

▪ The core of the business class makes the important decisions about planning for the future.

▪ Managers below the chief executive level are distinct from the business class itself.

consciousness

▪ At this stage its members have class consciousness and class solidarity.

▪ There is no trace of conceit, arrogance or class consciousness about her.

▪ There has, therefore, been little chance in the past for a political growth of class consciousness among subordinate groups.

▪ This separate class consciousness he endeavored to dispel.

▪ They also encourage the development of false class consciousness.

▪ This pattern is confirmed by analyses of the process underlying the development of class consciousness among workers.

▪ Low levels of class consciousness are exacerbated by clientelism, which links the peasant through personal relationships to some one in another class.

▪ Union commitment grew, in some cases, from pre-existing class consciousness.

difference

▪ There are no social class differences.

▪ Highlighting class differences to emphasize his own down-to-earth roots is nothing new to Dole.

▪ However, there were also marked class differences.

▪ There were some clear social class differences in their answers.

▪ On the other hand, what older people have in common is in some ways more striking than the class differences between them.

▪ Social class differences in fertility are little evident in women who marry between ages 25 to 29.

▪ Then it seemed that class differences were an insurmountable barrier, but this too was not the only answer.

division

▪ But its impact on class inequality ... is to sharpen class division.

▪ Robert Reich and James Fallows are two of the best writers who worry over the new class division in the country.

▪ Status groups can also cut across class divisions.

▪ What has then happened is a class division, of a stable and organized kind, within cultural production.

▪ Amongst themselves the Zuwaya did not divide into classes, nor did any inter-tribal division mark a class division.

▪ They might have to deal directly with the country's ethnic and class divisions.

▪ They claim that the private ownership of capital provides the key to explaining class divisions.

▪ Conflicts which do not appear directly related to class divisions are no minor anomalies.

evening

▪ A popular weekly evening class is the Access Course, which is designed for those considering higher education.

▪ On the downside, college evening classes cost a bundle.

▪ However, the same rule applies to evening classes as to joining clubs - it must be a subject that really interests you.

▪ Its main function was teaching, through evening classes.

▪ Timetable: Morning, afternoon and evening classes.

▪ Many girls worked in minor clerical jobs and were encouraged to learn shorthand and typing skills at evening classes.

▪ A fancy thought popped into his mind then, handed to him by the tutor of his evening class.

member

▪ Please do your best to encourage your class members to come along.

▪ Please collect counterfoils and money from your class members and send to Joan Daniels as soon as possible.

▪ It is possible for teachers and/or class members to attend individual sessions which are taken by different people each week.

▪ It would be necessary to bring along some class members - a fee will be paid.

▪ It is very helpful if the renewal cards can be used, so please take the opportunity to remind all class members.

▪ Please publicise these days to your class members.

▪ Please be on the look-out for talented class members ... especially young ones! 6.

▪ Please encourage class members, their photographic friends and relatives or anyone else wishing to snap subject matter in class.

structure

▪ Weber strongly criticized Marx's attempt to explain all social cleavages as the product of economically based class structures and struggles.

▪ In contrast, where class structures are less developed - both economically and culturally - the political institutions may be inherently weak.

▪ This can be assessed by linking class structure to income distribution figures.

▪ Meanwhile, other areas of the class structure are much less open.

▪ However, the structure of employment is crucial for class structure.

▪ In class structure grammar these form a class.

▪ In giving most people middle-class aspirations it tried to rid the nation of its old-fashioned class structure.

▪ The growth in their numbers this century has led to a longstanding debate about their position in the class structure.

struggle

▪ This was followed by intervention, by an ... intensification of the class struggle, which assumed the form of civil war.

▪ The class approach centers on the examination of the tactics of class domination and the dynamics of the class struggle.

▪ This does not, of course, mean that Marx avoided the problems of class and the class struggle.

▪ Equality in poverty might mean civil population contentment whereas glaring inequalities sow the seeds of a class struggle or revolution.

▪ Concessions which judges make to workers at one moment in the class struggle may be removed at another.

▪ Class and social change Class struggle Marx believed that the class struggle was the driving force of social change.

▪ The first part of his answer appeals to the class struggle.

▪ This romance is duly mirrored in working-class politics - miners are the Clark Gables, the Reds of class struggle.

system

▪ It adds to our reputation as an island still constricted by an ossified class system.

▪ Many criminal actions appear to offer little threat to the capitalist class system.

▪ The class system is all but dead.

▪ Outwardly Britain may have appeared stable; the class system and its accompanying distribution of wealth remained largely unchallenged.

▪ So he picked the one profession that would work around the class system.

▪ Marxist feminism is rather more complicated in that it sees the oppression of women as inextricably linked to the class system.

▪ The teddy bear knows no class system ... and acknowledges no international borders.

world

▪ Now the approach is expanding to include world class quality service.

▪ He became world class by converting opportunity into performance.

▪ Unless we get a WORLD class player ... like a younger Gullit, or maybe Ndlove ... I m seriously disillusioned.

▪ He made at least 5 WORLD class saves, the best to deny Noel Whelan.

▪ Seaman should have saved the first goal, but did make a two world class saves against Berkamp and Rikaard.

▪ This will provide a world class source of environmental consultancy and technical services.

▪ This summer he should break through the 8,000 points mark into truly world class territory.

■ VERB

attend

▪ Sarah and Theodore are attending a literacy class, taught in a shut-down factory, in the nearby city of Le6n.

▪ Many attend classes in, or actually teach, another type of movement; in Norfolk.

▪ He never attended classes and never left his ten-hours-a-day, six-days-a-week job at Midvale.

▪ Soon Horton was told that Alvin was attending classes at last and that the boy might even be gifted.

▪ I used to attend his classes when I was in high school and that was very, very beneficial.

▪ Those activities could include attending a literacy program, doing volunteer work, or attending parenting classes.

teach

▪ In the winter women went to Radcliffe, where Harvard professors taught them in special classes.

▪ Katherine Mansfield is held to be a great writer in the States and taught in their college classes.

▪ I taught a Sunday school class and sang in the church choir, whose members included soldiers stationed at nearby bases.

▪ A continuing programme to investigate, evaluate, and disseminate best practice information on teaching large classes has also been developed.

▪ He taught no high-level classes in black studies; the department, in fact, had no such classes.

▪ I remember teaching a class of social workers who had once received some lectures on Freud.

▪ Father Henry taught catechism to some classes and was, in effect, the priest in the convent chapel.

PHRASES FROM OTHER ENTRIES

First Class/Second Class Honours

cut class/school

▪ She started cutting classes and fighting with her teachers and parents.

▪ But Democratic legislators say the tax cut would cut school funding by more than $ 3 billion.

▪ The conference also approved resolutions to cut class sizes and protect teachers from undue stress.

infant school/teacher/class etc

▪ Ah, but here was a job: the infant teacher was called away for half an hour.

▪ An infant school built in 1840 served both Seaton and Sigglesthorne.

▪ At this time Syeduz was nearly six and in his second term in the infant school.

▪ Children attended infant school until they were seven.

▪ Read in studio An infant school has reopened after being severely damaged by arsonists.

▪ The limit for first-year infants classes will be 27 and for classes of children of mixed ages, 24.

▪ This infant school was sometimes part of a junior school which catered for seven to eleven year olds.

labouring class/family etc

▪ Although in other poems Leapor shows that labouring class women can be desperately unhappy in marriage, she is not unequivocal.

▪ Day schooling was received by only a minority of children from the labouring classes, in some parishes a very tiny one.

▪ Even 2 out of every 3 farm labouring families stayed put and overall 3 out of every 4 households remained virtually the same.

▪ For the most part, however, the labouring classes did not move very far.

▪ His poetry often depicts labouring class life vividly.

▪ Relatively little attention has been paid to the origins of labouring class poetry.

▪ Stephen Duck, however, is not the first instance of a labouring class poet in the eighteenth century.

▪ The claims made for these poems, however, reveal some of the difficulties in a discussion of labouring class poetry.

remedial course/class/teacher etc

▪ About one quarter of entering college students now take at least one remedial course.

▪ Middle-class children thus tend to fill the honors and advanced-placement classes while poor children take the general and remedial classes.

▪ Most of these students take remedial classes in all three fields.

▪ People were appointed to co-ordinate the work of remedial teachers in schools.

▪ Some run efficient remedial courses, which could surely be used for youngsters who had taken a broader sixth-form course.

▪ The Association has branches throughout the country that provide information and hold remedial classes.

▪ Their placement in a remedial course confirmed their suspicions.

▪ These students traverse course after remedial course, becoming increasingly turned off to writing, increasingly convinced that they are hopelessly inadequate.

the chattering classes

▪ Hamlet re-visited, or Art aspiring to the condition of group therapy for the chattering classes?

▪ No ordinary person wants them any more, though they will for years to come provide talking points for the chattering classes.

▪ The chattering classes of Blackheath may find his food digestible enough, but my cellmate Paul was flabbergasted.

the upper class

EXAMPLES FROM OTHER ENTRIES

▪ Doctors are reluctant to prescribe a new class of drugs, especially ones which need to be taken for long periods of time.

▪ French is one of a class of languages known as the Romance languages.

▪ Heidi fainted during French class today!

▪ I'm going out with some friends from my dance class.

▪ I graduated in 1999. What class were you in?

▪ I was talking to a girl in my class about the math homework.

▪ Let's go - I have my first class in 10 minutes!

▪ My dad's going to his 40th class reunion this year.

▪ People were excluded from education based on class and race.

▪ She gets along well with the other children in her class.

▪ Some people argue that class distinctions do not exist in the U.S., but this is untrue.

▪ Success in this country seems to be based on class rather than on ability.

▪ The old class system is slowly disappearing.

▪ the professional and managerial classes

▪ The Republicans are promising tax cuts for the middle class.

▪ The treaty called for the elimination of an entire class of nuclear weapons.

▪ There are twenty kids in the class.

▪ There is a clear link between social class and educational achievement.

▪ Today we only had a small class of ten people.

▪ When's your next class?

EXAMPLES FROM CORPUS

▪ After they had used swear words once in class, he argued, they would never use them again.

▪ But all important ones must pass through that process, and ours certainly falls into that class.

▪ Marxism, my friend, has studied economics and the social classes.

▪ Moreover, there is no doubt that in large classes this practice can ease the burden on the class teacher.

▪ One day I changed from second class to high class.

▪ See, I spent two years of core classes and you get to meet all the professors.

▪ Special classes of applicant Like other institutions the Polytechnic has paid increased attention to the recruitment of overseas students in recent years.

▪ Ten years ago, fewer than 100 Harvard students took entrepreneur classes, he said.

II.verb