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plasma
Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English
plasma
noun
COLLOCATIONS FROM OTHER ENTRIES
a plasma/LCD television
▪ Each hotel room has a minibar and plasma television.
plasma screen
COLLOCATIONS FROM CORPUS
■ ADJECTIVE
fasting
▪ Six subjects did not consent to a glucose tolerance test and tolerance was determined from fasting plasma glucose and insulin concentrations.
high
▪ It was a low-paying job with a high price in plasma.
■ NOUN
blood
▪ They are mineral salts which are contained in the blood plasma of the horse and they are vital for fluid balance.
▪ Sweat is derived from blood plasma and blood salts.
▪ She was given pain relieving drugs and placed on intravenous drips to replace vital blood plasma and fluids.
cell
▪ In the same biopsy infiltration of the mucosal stroma by a large number of lymphocytes and plasma cells were seen.
▪ These plasma cells produce a homogeneous immunoglobulin protein which stains as a well-defined peak in the gamma region.
▪ Reduced numbers of intestinal mucosal plasma cells have been reported, with a return to normal values after antibiotic treatment.
▪ Bone destruction is commonly seen in this disorder with the plasma cells forming densely packed groups in the lytic areas.
▪ Superficial plasma cells infiltrated underlying lymphoid cells.
▪ In Bence Jones proteinuria there is an oVerproduction of one type of light chain by a single clone of plasma cells.
▪ Therefore, the plasma cells produce either an excessive amount of kappa light chains or an excessive amount of lambda light chains.
concentration
▪ Its usefulness in this disease has been questioned, and a maximum efficacy was obtained in one report at lower plasma concentrations.
▪ The results of gastric juice against plasma concentrations according to H pylori status are shown in Figure 3.
▪ The acute phase response also involves changes in the plasma concentrations of a number of liver synthesised proteins.
gastrin
▪ Helicobacter pylori increases plasma gastrin concentrations by 50% to 100% and values fall to normal after the organism has been eradicated.
▪ Despite this reduction in plasma gastrin, no consistent changes in rates of acid secretion have been documented after eradication treatment.
▪ The plasma gastrin concentrations increased from group to group as expected from the dose given.
▪ We therefore also plotted individual dose-response curves of log plasma gastrin against the basal-subtracted acid output.
▪ Discussion Our current results confirm that treatment which both heals duodenal ulcers and eradicates H pylori significantly decreases basal plasma gastrin concentrations.
▪ In another study by Ryberg etal the enterochromaffin like cell labelling index was shown to increase linearly with the plasma gastrin concentration.
▪ The plasma gastrin concentrations in the various groups increased in the same order of magnitude as expected from the gastrin dose given.
glucose
▪ Achieved plasma glucose and insulin concentrations were determined as the mean of the 50, 55, and 60 minute samples.
▪ Six subjects did not consent to a glucose tolerance test and tolerance was determined from fasting plasma glucose and insulin concentrations.
membrane
▪ It ought to help you locate our protein in cellular plasma membranes.
▪ Within the epidermal cells microtubules connect the desmosomes of the interdigitating regions with cone-like depressions of the outer epidermal plasma membrane.
▪ The distributional asymmetries of phospholipids in the plasma membrane of erythrocytes and platelets are shown in Fig. 2.
▪ Firstly, by studying radiolabelled ion uptake into isolated plasma membrane vesicles.
▪ Carbachol, gastrin, and histamine all bind to specific receptors on parietal cell plasma membranes.
▪ The plasma membrane is also thought to be far less rigid a structure than originally proposed.
potassium
▪ HYPOKALEMlA A low plasma potassium concentration is not always accompanied by a deficit in total body potassium.
▪ Occasionally, a substantially increased platelet or white cell count may lead to apparent increases in plasma potassium concentration.
protein
▪ Secondly, there is an enhanced permeability of the abomasal epithelium to macromolecules such as pepsinogen and plasma proteins.
▪ The oedematous patients had similar lung function, smoking histories, and plasma protein concentrations to the patients without oedema.
■ VERB
increase
▪ Helicobacter pylori increases plasma gastrin concentrations by 50% to 100% and values fall to normal after the organism has been eradicated.
▪ In another study by Ryberg etal the enterochromaffin like cell labelling index was shown to increase linearly with the plasma gastrin concentration.
EXAMPLES FROM CORPUS
▪ In blood, the majority is found in erythrocytes with only minor quantities in plasma or serum.
▪ It can be seen that human sweat is actually hypotonic ie it contains a lower salt concentration than the plasma.
▪ Occasionally, a substantially increased platelet or white cell count may lead to apparent increases in plasma potassium concentration.
▪ Once it is absorbed, calcium is added to plasma.
▪ Six subjects did not consent to a glucose tolerance test and tolerance was determined from fasting plasma glucose and insulin concentrations.
▪ The importance of the plasma triglyceride concentration as a risk factor for coronary heart disease in the general population is still uncertain.
▪ This yellow coloration is also visible in serum and plasma specimens in vitro.
The Collaborative International Dictionary
Plasma

Plasma \Plas"ma\, n. [See Plasm.]

  1. (Min.) A variety of quartz, of a color between grass green and leek green, which is found associated with common chalcedony. It was much esteemed by the ancients for making engraved ornaments.

  2. (Biol.) The viscous material of an animal or vegetable cell, out of which the various tissues are formed by a process of differentiation; protoplasm.

  3. Unorganized material; elementary matter.

  4. (Med.) A mixture of starch and glycerin, used as a substitute for ointments.
    --U. S. Disp.

  5. same as blood plasma.

  6. (physics) a state of matter in which charged particles such as electrons and atomi nuclei have sufficiently high energy to move freely, rather than be bound in atoms as in ordinary matter; it has some of the properties of a gas, but is a conductor of electricity.

    Note: In a typical plasma, the number of positive and negative particles are approximately equal. Plasmas are found naturally in the atmosphere of stars, and can be created in special laboratory apparatus.

    Blood plasma (Physiol.), the colorless fluid of the blood, in which the red and white blood corpuscles are suspended. It may be obtained by centrifuation of blood to remove the blood cells. It is distinguished from serum in that plasma still has the fibrin of blood, and may be clotted, while in serum the fibrin has been removed.

    Muscle plasma (Physiol.), the fundamental part of muscle fibers, a thick, viscid, albuminous fluid contained within the sarcolemma, which on the death of the muscle coagulates to a semisolid mass.

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Douglas Harper's Etymology Dictionary
plasma

1712, "form, shape" (earlier plasm), from Late Latin plasma, from Greek plasma "something molded or created," hence "image, figure; counterfeit, forgery; formed style, affectation," from plassein "to mold," originally "to spread thin," from PIE *plath-yein, from root *pele- (2) "flat, to spread" (see plane (n.1)). Sense of "liquid part of blood" is from 1845; that of "ionized gas" is 1928.

Wiktionary
plasma

n. 1 (context physics English) A state of matter consisting of partially ionized gas 2 (context hematology English) A clear component of blood or lymph containing fibrin 3 (context hematology English) blood plasma, free of suspended cells, used in transfusions 4 (context mineralogy English) A variety of green quartz, used in ancient times for making engraved ornaments. 5 (context medicine dated English) A mixture of starch and glycerin, used as a substitute for ointments. 6 (context computer graphics demoscene English) A visual effect in which cycles of changing colours are warped in various ways to give the illusion of liquid organic movement.

Related phrases:
WordNet
plasma

  1. n. colorless watery fluid of blood and lymph containing no cells and in which erythrocytes and leukocytes and platelets are suspended [syn: plasm]

  2. a green slightly translucent variety of chalcedony used as a gemstone

  3. (physical chemistry) a fourth state of matter distinct from solid or liquid or gas and present in stars and fusion reactors; a gas becomes a plasma when it is heated until the atoms lose all their electrons, leaving a highly electrified collection of nuclei and free electrons; "particles in space exist in the form of a plasma"

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Wikipedia
Plasma (album)

Plasma is Trey Anastasio's first live album. The two-disc set features live tracks recorded during Trey's summer and fall tour in 2002 with his dectet, which included a guitar, bass, saxophones, trumpet, trombone, tuba, flute, percussion, keyboards, and drums. Plasma was released on April 29, 2003.

Plasma

Plasma or plasm may refer to:

Plasma (mineral)
Plasma (comics)

Plasma is a fictional character in the Marvel Universe.

Plasma (physics)

Plasma (from Greek πλάσμα, "anything formed") is one of the four fundamental states of matter, the others being solid, liquid, and gas. A plasma has properties unlike those of the other states.

A plasma can be created by heating a gas or subjecting it to a strong electromagnetic field, applied with a laser or microwave generator. This decreases or increases the number of electrons, creating positive or negative charged particles called ions, and is accompanied by the dissociation of molecular bonds, if present.

The presence of a significant number of charge carriers makes plasma electrically conductive so that it responds strongly to electromagnetic fields. Like gas, plasma does not have a definite shape or a definite volume unless enclosed in a container. Unlike gas, under the influence of a magnetic field, it may form structures such as filaments, beams and double layers.

Plasma is the most abundant form of ordinary matter in the Universe (of the forms proven to exist; the more abundant dark matter is hypothetical and may or may not be explained by ordinary matter), most of which is in the rarefied intergalactic regions, particularly the intracluster medium, and in stars, including the Sun. A common form of plasma on Earth is produced in neon signs.

Much of the understanding of plasma has come from the pursuit of controlled nuclear fusion and fusion power, for which plasma physics provides the scientific foundation.

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Usage examples of "plasma".

What the brigadier did not mention was that he had taken a big gamble that the ambushers who captured the Keutgenses had not already joined the main body when the plasma strike came down.

UFOnaut technology has long since abandoned hydromagnetic plasmas, thermonuclear reactions, gigawatt laser jets, or any other concept we know, along with the steam engine and the gas burner, and has probably gone beyond the next three big steps we will make in motive power, too.

It looked like every place else: a tenuous patch of hot magnetized plasma tens of thousands of kilometers deep.

Images blossomed into existence on the ceiling above Fisher, the egg rotating in the magnetized plasma of its cage.

Both the planet and its larger moons possess strong magnetospheres and produce plasma winds of their own.

All that was left to do was to add the morphic plasma in which the processor meat would be suspended.

Em-Lin pushed her hands through the morphic skin of the tank and back into the hot, fizzing plasma.

No plasma weapons, no multiphasic shields, their ships were half as fast.

The plasma bolts had hit low, so each surge drew a vacuum within the water tank and choked the outflow until air forced its way through the holes.

Even though their blasters could fire underwater, the heat from the plasma bolt would instantly turn the water into steam and vapor along its path, and in a confined space might parboil the man firing it.

The pressure of the blast crushed superheated plasma to the awesome density of degenerate matter, and held the pellet together for the few picoseconds needed to initiate the next stage of the reaction.

The five ships of the fleet, each with a complement of twenty or so variously warm bodies, human and saur, have primitive ship-to-ship and space-to-ground missiles, none of which would have impressed a moderately competent pyrotechnician of the Ming Dynasty, and a piratical arsenal of firearms and plasma rifles, which would.

Others would throw bursts of hot plasma through a ram field, or carbon vapor to produce sudden surges in the burn rate, or half a ton of pressurized radon gas in a stasis field.

Two hundred fifty meters down the tunnel the plasma streams converged on an oncoming mover vehicle similar to the one the recon Marines had seen the supply workers use.

M-147 can be reconfigured for short-range, direct plasma fire by the simple expedient of replacing the breech and relining the bore.