noun
COLLOCATIONS FROM CORPUS
■ ADJECTIVE
basal
▪ Increased basal serum gastrin is related to both atrophy and H pylori infection but not to ageing perse.
▪ Similarly, basal serum gastrin concentrations do not alter with ageing in healthy men.
▪ Increased basal serum gastrin is related to atrophy and to infection with H pylori.
▪ For gastric acid secretion, basal serum gastrin was considered in addition to these three variables.
fasting
▪ Antral gastrin and somatostatin cell densities and fasting serum gastrin concentrations were similar in the two groups of patients with Zollinger-Ellison sydrome.
▪ At trial entry, however, there were mild abnormalities of fasting serum lipids in 12 patients.
▪ Our finding that fasting serum gastrin consists mainly of G34 is consistent with previous reports.
fetal
▪ Monolayers of human hepatoma cell line Hep3B were maintained in Dulbecco modified Eagle's medium supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum.
▪ Dulbeco's modified Eagles' medium containing 10% fetal calf serum had an advantage in both plating efficiency and growth.
high
▪ They found that patients with the highest serum gastrin concentrations did not necessarily have the highest enterochromaffin like cell counts.
▪ Patients with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome and raised concentrations of serum pepsinogen A are often found to have high serum pepsinogen C values.
▪ Subjects with atrophy had significantly higher serum gastrin concentrations than all other subjects and higher than old subjects without atrophy.
human
▪ Most recently, a soluble form of the usually membrane bound ICAM-1 molecule was detected in human serum samples.
▪ Normal human serum diluted 1:10 served as a blank.
increased
▪ Several studies have disclosed increased serum levels of IgG1 in a number of autoimmune diseases.
▪ The role of the increased serum gastrin concentration induced by H pylori in the pathogenesis of duodenal ulcer disease is also unknown.
low
▪ The absorption of 5-ASA by the colon is poor, resulting in very low serum and urine concentrations and high faecal concentrations.
▪ Its overall effect is to raise serum ionized calcium levels and lower serum phosphorus levels.
▪ The proportions of children with low baseline serum retinol concentrations were substantial in both trial populations.
▪ A low serum ceruloplasmin is one of the laboratory hallmarks of this disease, but is not invariably present.
▪ Kirschner etal, on the other hand, showed low serum IGF-I concentrations in children with Crohn's disease.
▪ The drug has first-order kinetics only at lower serum levels.
▪ Discussion Patients with coeliac disease who are not receiving treatment have low serum carnitine concentrations.
▪ Similarly, patients with low serum albumen due to any cause will have a higher unbound drug fraction.
median
▪ There were no significant differences in the median serum amylase and lipase values between the treatment groups.
▪ There were no significant differences between the median serum IGFBP-1 and insulin concentrations in well grown compared with stunted patients.
normal
▪ He had, however, at the time of investigation a normal serum creatinine value.
▪ This formula takes into account the majority of solutes present in normal serum.
▪ All patients had normal serum concentrations of liver enzymes and bilirubin and were included consecutively in the study.
▪ The lower limits of normal for serum uric acid are arbitrarily defined and may vary from one lab to another.
▪ All patients had normal serum creatinine values at the time of investigation.
▪ Ten of these 15 patients had active disease but normal serum liver function tests.
▪ All controls had normal serum creatinine concentrations.
raised
▪ Patients with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome and raised concentrations of serum pepsinogen A are often found to have high serum pepsinogen C values.
▪ In addition, several studies in diabetics have suggested that raised serum cholesterol levels are also associated with the presence of macrovascular disease.
total
▪ If the serum albumin concentration is normal, the total serum calcium level reflects the ionized calcium concentration.
■ NOUN
albumin
▪ Her diarrhoea decreased with improved appetite and weight gain, a rising serum albumin, and resolution of her peripheral oedema.
▪ If the serum albumin concentration is normal, the total serum calcium level reflects the ionized calcium concentration.
▪ The increase in serum albumin was similar in both groups.
▪ To do so, a concurrent measurement of serum albumin and total calcium should be obtained.
▪ For example, acetaldehyde has been shown to form circulating cytotoxic adducts with serum albumin.
calcium
▪ At the time of sacrifice, blood was obtained for measurement of serum calcium, phosphate, and albumin.
▪ Therefore, to diagnose hypercalcemia in a suspected case, one must obtain at least three separate measurements of the serum calcium.
▪ They both participate in the regulation of the concentration of serum calcium.
▪ Intravenous phosphate has been recommended for lowering the serum calcium when other measures have failed.
▪ If the serum albumin concentration is normal, the total serum calcium level reflects the ionized calcium concentration.
▪ The serum calcium level should occasionally be checked.
▪ The sources for the elevated serum calcium in dialysis patients are multiple.
▪ When the uremia is severe enough to warrant dialysis, this therapy usually results in a correction of the serum calcium concentration.
calf
▪ Monolayers of human hepatoma cell line Hep3B were maintained in Dulbecco modified Eagle's medium supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum.
▪ Many researchers have tried to obtain a medium for growing antibodies that is free from calf serum.
▪ Fetal calf serum is one such ingredient; and there are many others.
▪ Dulbeco's modified Eagles' medium containing 10% fetal calf serum had an advantage in both plating efficiency and growth.
cholesterol
▪ It has been reported that serum cholesterol values are similar in samples from fasting and non-fasting subjects.
▪ This relationship remained significant after adjusting for age, gender and serum cholesterol.
▪ Furthermore, there were no differences in serum cholesterol values in patients with different tumour grades.
▪ The initial test of a random serum cholesterol and triglyceride estimation is sufficient.
▪ The serum cholesterol concentration was assayed according to the method of Richmond.
▪ In addition, several studies in diabetics have suggested that raised serum cholesterol levels are also associated with the presence of macrovascular disease.
▪ Depression, self-blame, number of pre-defined illness symptoms, and level of serum cholesterol were also assessed.
▪ Since then, numerous studies have analysed the relation between serum cholesterol and large bowel cancer.
concentration
▪ All patients had normal serum concentrations of liver enzymes and bilirubin and were included consecutively in the study.
▪ This results, even in steady state, in a rapid decline in serum concentrations.
▪ Integrated meal stimulated serum gastrin outputs were determined by calculating the area under the serum concentration time curve.
▪ The serum concentration of IGF-I and growth velocity both improved with increased calorie intake.
▪ We also made it clear that both dose and frequency should be adjusted as dictated by serum concentrations.
▪ Certain IgG heavy chain markers are associated with the serum concentrations of IgG subclasses.
▪ Several studies have disclosed relations between IgG markers and IgG subclass serum concentrations against particular antigens.
▪ Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency and Wilson disease were excluded by determining serum concentrations of alpha-1 antitrypsin and ceruloplasmin, respectively.
creatinine
▪ There were no significant changes in the patients' mean weight and serum creatinine and sodium concentrations throughout the trial.
▪ At all times, renal function as assessed by serum creatinine and creatinine clearance remained normal.
gastrin
▪ They found that patients with the highest serum gastrin concentrations did not necessarily have the highest enterochromaffin like cell counts.
▪ Increased basal serum gastrin is related to both atrophy and H pylori infection but not to ageing perse.
▪ Similarly, basal serum gastrin concentrations do not alter with ageing in healthy men.
▪ Increased basal serum gastrin is related to atrophy and to infection with H pylori.
▪ For gastric acid secretion, basal serum gastrin was considered in addition to these three variables.
▪ Antral gastrin and somatostatin cell densities and fasting serum gastrin concentrations were similar in the two groups of patients with Zollinger-Ellison sydrome.
▪ There was no relationship between the serum gastrin concentration and type of renal replacement treatment.
level
▪ Several studies have disclosed increased serum levels of IgG1 in a number of autoimmune diseases.
▪ They usually occur at serum levels above the recommended therapeutic range.
▪ It is important to measure serum levels at steady state after each change of dose.
▪ Another favorable characteristic is that there is a rapid build-up of serum levels, even when starting at low doses.
▪ The drug selected for monotherapy is then added and appropriate dosage adjustment made to attain therapeutic serum levels.
▪ The drug has first-order kinetics only at lower serum levels.
▪ A given increase in dosage, therefore, may produce a disproportionately large increase of serum level.
▪ For this reason concentrations of potentially interfering metal ions approximating the serum levels are used in the standards.
lipid
▪ At trial entry, however, there were mild abnormalities of fasting serum lipids in 12 patients.
▪ In these and the remaining 70 patients, the serum lipids remained unchanged throughout the study.
▪ It would therefore appear that nutritional modifications in themselves have an important effect on serum lipids and lipoproteins.
▪ Alcohol intake, serum lipids and obesity Alcohol may have several effects on serum lipids.
▪ The most frequent effect of excess alcohol intake on serum lipids is elevation of triglyceride levels.
▪ These drugs may also adversely affect serum lipids and lipoproteins.
pepsinogen
▪ In these conditions serum pepsinogen C provides additional diagnostic information, especially when expressed as pepsinogen A:C ratio.
▪ Patients with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome and raised concentrations of serum pepsinogen A are often found to have high serum pepsinogen C values.
▪ It has previously been reported that H pylori infection raises serum pepsinogen I in non-uraemic patients but only by about 25%.
▪ High values of serum pepsinogen A have also been found during omeprazole treatment.
▪ There was no relationship between the serum pepsinogen I concentration and type of renal replacement treatment.
▪ Our observation that short term treatment with omeprazole increases serum pepsinogen A and C levels confirms previous studies.
phosphate
▪ Obviously, careful monitoring of the serum phosphate level is appropriate.
▪ In the latter circumstance, the antacid should simply be stopped for a period of time and the serum phosphate monitored.
▪ It is therefore impossible to predict with certainty what amount of supplementation will result in what increment in the serum phosphate concentration.
▪ An additional reason that serum phosphate may fall is that it may shift into cells.
potassium
▪ His temperature was 37°C, pulse 84/ min, and serum potassium 3.8 mmol/l.
▪ This is effective not because it lowers serum potassium concentration but because it directly antagonizes the membrane depolarizing effect of hyperkalemia.
▪ The serum potassium level is sometimes helpful in determining acid-base status.
▪ The serum potassium level may be of assistance in suggesting whether the patient is acidemia or alkalemia, as described above.
▪ What is actually observed in this Circumstance is an increase in serum potassium concentration.
▪ For example, in acidosis from diarrhea, the serum potassium level is often low rather than high.
protein
▪ Based on the production of this absorption peak, it is possible to quantitate serum proteins by an ultraviolet-light technique.
▪ The other structural characteristic that may be used to quantitate serum proteins is the presence of peptide bonds.
▪ The buffer base is composed of the anionic buffers which include bicarbonate, phosphate, serum proteins, and hemoglobin.
▪ They are hemoglobin, serum protein, phosphate, and bicarbonate.
sample
▪ In the following experiments, five or six serum samples were used unless indicated otherwise.
▪ This enzyme. labeled complex competes with free unlabeled drug in the serum sample for the binding sites on the antibody.
▪ Additional serum samples were taken in December 1990 from a randomly selected cohort of 141 people aged 40-65 years.
▪ The drug in the serum sample and the enzyme. labeled drug compete for the binding sites on the antibody.
▪ Circulating anticolon antibodies have been found in serum samples from patients with ulcerative colitis.
▪ They all died within months of each other, and serum samples were collected and frozen.
▪ Most recently, a soluble form of the usually membrane bound ICAM-1 molecule was detected in human serum samples.
▪ A nasopharyngeal swab or paired serum samples, or both, were collected from healthy subjects.
sodium
▪ Urea and electrolytes gave a 121 mmol/l serum sodium, 5.6 mmol/l potassium, 5.6 mmol/l urea, and 96 umol/l creatinine.
▪ In patients with an increased total body sodium content, administration of salt to increase serum sodium level is inappropriate.
▪ Would the cost of care depend on the serum sodium concentration?
▪ These individuals maintain a stable serum sodium in the 125 to I 28-mEq / L range.
▪ Their serum sodium remains in the 125 to 128-mEq / L range.
▪ The goal is simply to raise serum sodium enough to obviate the risk of seizures.
▪ For convenience, the serum sodium level is usually taken as the estimate of tonicity.
■ VERB
find
▪ Circulating anticolon antibodies have been found in serum samples from patients with ulcerative colitis.
▪ No correlation was found between the serum carnitine concentration and the degree of intestinal atrophy in active coeliac disease.
increase
▪ Our observation that short term treatment with omeprazole increases serum pepsinogen A and C levels confirms previous studies.
▪ In patients with an increased total body sodium content, administration of salt to increase serum sodium level is inappropriate.
▪ Renal disease and a variety of other diseases have not been shown to increase serum ferritin levels. 273.
measure
▪ Parathyroid hormone was measured in serum by radioimmunoassay directed towards the amino terminal region.
▪ It is important to measure serum levels at steady state after each change of dose.
▪ For clinical purposes, one means of measuring overall concentration would be to measure the serum osmolality directly.
raise
▪ It has previously been reported that H pylori infection raises serum pepsinogen I in non-uraemic patients but only by about 25%.
▪ Its overall effect is to raise serum ionized calcium levels and lower serum phosphorus levels.
▪ The goal is simply to raise serum sodium enough to obviate the risk of seizures.
show
▪ Kirschner etal, on the other hand, showed low serum IGF-I concentrations in children with Crohn's disease.
▪ Population studies show that serum uric acid levels are not normally distributed; they are skewed toward higher values for both sexes.
▪ The Figure shows the relation between serum carnitine concentrations and the degree of intestinal atrophy.
▪ Renal disease and a variety of other diseases have not been shown to increase serum ferritin levels. 273.
▪ We have shown that the serum pepsinogen-I: -II ratio is significantly lower in H pylori positive subjects than in uninfected persons.
▪ Other studies have failed to show a relation between serum cholesterol and colorectal carcinoma.
use
▪ You could try using a serum - these non-sticky liquids are excellent for smoothing the cuticles and wrapping hair in shine.
▪ The other structural characteristic that may be used to quantitate serum proteins is the presence of peptide bonds.
▪ When using the direct serum method, pigmented specimens may cause the appearance of false end-points resulting in positive errors.
EXAMPLES FROM CORPUS
▪ In blood, the majority is found in erythrocytes with only minor quantities in plasma or serum.
▪ In patients with an increased total body sodium content, administration of salt to increase serum sodium level is inappropriate.
▪ In these situations, acetazolamide may be needed to decrease proximal bicarbonate and sodium reabsorption, thereby reducing the serum bicarbonate level.
▪ It has been reported that serum cholesterol values are similar in samples from fasting and non-fasting subjects.
▪ Most recently, a soluble form of the usually membrane bound ICAM-1 molecule was detected in human serum samples.
▪ The cellular source of the catalytically active PLA2 in serum of patients suffering from acute pancreatitis and other diseases is unknown.
▪ The lower limits of normal for serum uric acid are arbitrarily defined and may vary from one lab to another.
▪ Therefore, this study investigated carnitine concentrations in serum of patients with coeliac disease.