Wiktionary
n. (context chemistry English) the reversible process whereby ions are exchanged between a solution and a solid or gel; cation exchange is the process used in a water softener
WordNet
n. a process in which ions are exchanged between a solution and an insoluble (usually resinous) solid; widely used in industrial processing
Wikipedia
Ion exchange is an exchange of ions between two electrolytes or between an electrolyte solution and a complex. In most cases the term is used to denote the processes of purification, separation, and decontamination of aqueous and other ion-containing solutions with solid polymeric or mineralic 'ion exchangers'.
Typical ion exchangers are ion exchange resins (functionalized porous or gel polymer), zeolites, montmorillonite, clay, and soil humus. Ion exchangers are either cation exchangers that exchange positively charged ions ( cations) or anion exchangers that exchange negatively charged ions ( anions). There are also amphoteric exchangers that are able to exchange both cations and anions simultaneously. However, the simultaneous exchange of cations and anions can be more efficiently performed in mixed beds that contain a mixture of anion and cation exchange resins, or passing the treated solution through several different ion exchange materials.
Ion exchanges can be unselective or have binding preferences for certain ions or classes of ions, depending on their chemical structure. This can be dependent on the size of the ions, their charge, or their structure. Typical examples of ions that can bind to ion exchangers are:
- H ( proton) and OH ( hydroxide)
- Single-charged monatomic ions like Na, K, and Cl
- Double-charged monatomic ions like Ca and Mg
- Polyatomic inorganic ions like SO and PO
- Organic bases, usually molecules containing the amine functional group -NRH
- Organic acids, often molecules containing -COO ( carboxylic acid) functional groups
- Biomolecules that can be ionized: amino acids, peptides, proteins, etc.
Along with absorption and adsorption, ion exchange is a form of sorption.
Ion exchange is a reversible process and the ion exchanger can be regenerated or loaded with desirable ions by washing with an excess of these ions.
Usage examples of "ion exchange".
It tried centrifuges, tried laser-isotope separation, gaseous diffusion, ion exchange, and electromagnetic isotope separation (EMIS), among other routes.
But I'd need a converter tobridge the two power cells, and I can't build aconverter without an ion exchange matrix.
I thought they had antigravity, but they turned out to be fanless hovercraft, operating, so Aelbraugh Pritsch said, by ion exchange.
But I'd need a converter to bridge the two power cells, and I can't build a converter without an ion exchange matrix.
He'd had to teach himself about superconducting metals, fractal compression, quantum qubits, and high-flow ion exchange.
An ion exchange column and a counter-current distributor were the only parts of this rig that I recognized.
The burst altered the ion exchange system in the cones of my retinas.