verb
COLLOCATIONS FROM OTHER ENTRIES
a disorder affects sb/sth
▪ Many genetic disorders affect only girls or only boys.
adversely affected
▪ developments which had adversely affected their business
affect a minority
▪ The side effects only affect a minority of people who take the drug.
affect morale (=have an effect on morale, usually to make it worse)
▪ The uncertainty has badly affected morale.
affect the quality
▪ Lack of sleep started to affect the quality of his work.
affect/impair your hearing (=make your hearing worse)
▪ Listening to loud music will eventually impair your hearing.
affect/influence the outcome
▪ Did coverage in the media affect the outcome of the trial?
badly affected
▪ Albania was badly affected by industrial unrest.
directly affect
▪ The new property tax law won’t directly affect us.
seriously affected
▪ A number of bird sanctuaries were seriously affected by the oil spill.
severely affected
▪ The town is already severely affected by aircraft noise.
COLLOCATIONS FROM CORPUS
■ ADVERB
adversely
▪ There is no evidence that they will be adversely affected by its completion.
▪ Purists argue against roasting in a conventional oven because the closed space traps moisture, adversely affecting the roasting process.
▪ Both the controls and manufacturing services businesses were adversely affected by recession in their markets.
▪ Therefore, employment of budget analysts generally is not as adversely affected by changes in the economy.
▪ Of course, the court may still grant a disgorgement order merely where it is satisfied that an investor has been adversely affected.
▪ The group that has been most adversely affected under the new scheme is the unemployed under the age of twenty-five.
▪ One argument is that excessive government expenditure adversely affects individual freedom and choice.
▪ Did that difficult beginning adversely affect the subsequent shooting?
also
▪ Connah's Quay was also affected with the Englefield Avenue suffering badly.
▪ Lawrence Livermore Lab was also affected, but apparently not as severely as others, a spokesman there said.
▪ In addition, the timing of elections can also affect the structure of power within presidential democracies.
▪ In Paris, bus and subway services were also affected.
▪ It also affected the borrowing requirements of corporations, countries and international agencies.
▪ In some cases, experts note, the SSRIs can also affect liver enzymes that inhibit the metabolism of other drugs.
▪ Severity of symptoms may be important but psychosocial factors must also affect the decision.
▪ The change also affects medical offices that perform abortions in addition to unrelated services.
badly
▪ Local wildlife and agriculture are likely to be badly affected, environmentalists claim.
▪ They may be so badly affected that their productivity drops.
▪ Women had been the principal agents of this effort, which had badly affected the profits of the alcohol industry.
▪ Even among those not so badly affected, ignorance about radiation produces powerful if sometimes irrational fear.
▪ The Pang, Ver and Misbourne rivers, already suffering from over-abstraction, are badly affected.
▪ At a regional level, this meant that the North West and West Midlands were particularly badly affected.
▪ The male staff member who went to the resident's aid was most badly affected.
▪ Conifers had suffered the most damage, while oak and silver birch were also badly affected.
deeply
▪ No way at all that a few hundred words are going to do justice to this deeply affecting novel.
▪ They are more deeply affected than most citizens because they know more about what goes on inside government than most citizens.
▪ The rest of us have precious little influence over the global economy, though our lives are deeply affected by it.
▪ Each aspect of their life deeply affects the other.
▪ Clearly, developments of this sort deeply affect credit use.
▪ Global warming will deeply affect poor countries, leading to huge numbers of refugees, crop failures, and extreme weather.
▪ The death of the child deeply affected both of them.
▪ Brian Simpson was also deeply affected by the incident - he committed suicide the following year.
directly
▪ The degree of control required, or the ease of use, will directly affect the suitability of the product.
▪ A growing body of evidence shows that alcohol molecules directly affect the ability of ion channels to open or close.
▪ First, we should distinguish general externalities from things that directly affect market structure and the degree of competition.
▪ Technology has, it seems, transformed entirely academic discussions concerning idealized computing devices into matters which directly affect all our lives!
▪ A ticket price directly affects a concert-goer.
▪ Senior State Department officials say reduced funding also directly affects policy.
▪ Mass movement of the population creates instability and demoralization, even for those not directly affected.
▪ Caffeine also directly affects many parts of the body by attaching to adenosine receptors found outside the brain.
most
▪ Finally, certain vulnerable groups were most affected by these changes, notably black families living in inner city deprived areas.
▪ Most affected individuals are asymptomatic, but aPProximately one-third will have xanthine stones.
▪ Of all counties the one most affected by the transformation of the open arable fields was Northamptonshire.
▪ Hip-hop culture has been most affected by a drug crackdown on the airwaves.
▪ That it is therefore one of the most affecting we have.
▪ South Bay businesses will be affected most by the new duty exemption, experts say.
▪ Which of our firms or sectors are likely to be most affected by 1992?
▪ Typing and printing were most affected.
seriously
▪ People with allergies and other respiratory and heart ailments may be more seriously affected.
▪ In this example, wives are the population most seriously affected by whatever research may be done.
▪ However it is well known that a financial crisis in 1866 seriously affected several minor railways throughout the country.
▪ School closures have seriously affected educational provision.
▪ The leisure business continues to be once again seriously affected by the recession.
▪ Among other vegetation, coniferous and beech trees appeared most seriously affected by increased radiation.
▪ Livestock Livestock farming has been seriously affected by the need to produce so much so quickly.
significantly
▪ This extra boost does not even significantly affect the braking at the other end.
▪ He asked them to identify areas in which operating costs could be brought down without significantly affecting store revenues.
▪ Mean attitudes are also significantly affected in respect of some of these considerations.
▪ Different treatment methods - surgery, chemotherapy, or a combination of both - did not significantly affect survival.
▪ However, the choice significantly affects the final geographical distribution and their use in resource allocation has been questioned.
▪ A correlation curve indicates the distance over which the motion at one point significantly affects that at another.
▪ It limits some occupations but we have no thought that it significantly affects personality, trustworthiness or sanity.
▪ Always increase the interception angle if the wind significantly affects it.
■ NOUN
ability
▪ Are past ground shakes affecting your ability to build faith for tomorrow?
▪ A growing body of evidence shows that alcohol molecules directly affect the ability of ion channels to open or close.
▪ The reduction in distributable reserves may, of course, affect the company's ability to pay future dividends.
▪ Mineral, vitamin and blood-sugar levels have been repeatedly shown to affect ability to relax.
▪ It affects the ability to remember, hear, think and reason.
▪ Losses by candidates he has supported could affect his ability to extend his stay in power as Yugoslav president.
▪ Conversely, the availability of different types of housing also affects the ability of persons and families forming separate households.
▪ The county government had seen its operation lose customers and revenue, and this affected its ability to borrow money.
area
▪ Communication skills affect every area of life, from expressing feelings in intimate relationships to dealing with over-zealous shop assistants.
▪ Such a deposition of urate crystals causes inflammation of the affected area and precipitates an arthritic attack. 206.
▪ National and international events are covered when they affect the local area.
▪ A cognitive advance in one area affects other areas.
▪ Then suddenly this fall, the Federal Highway Administration called representatives of all affected areas to Washington for a meeting.
▪ We are working to restore delivery in the affected areas as quickly as possible.
▪ But the same kind of eclipse did not affect that other great area devoted to reconstructing the history of life: paleontology.
▪ Rejecting immobilization techniques relying on braces, Sister Kenny urged activities that would force victims to use and exercise their affected areas.
behaviour
▪ We can make a few more concluding points: The environment affects budgetary behaviour.
▪ Third, that the memory traces of the experience may continue to affect the religious behaviour of some participant subjects.
▪ As with all the economic forces affecting firms' behaviour, the impact of change is uneven and defies generalisation.
▪ Platelets are studied in an artificial environment and the very process of preparing the platelet sample for study may affect their behaviour.
▪ The third property of a polymer which affects its mechanical behaviour is the between-chain potential energy.
▪ Thus the firm's constraint structure can affect its behaviour on pricing and its costs.
▪ By now there were more serious difficulties affecting Charlie's behaviour that became considerably more alarming.
▪ Perceptions and attitudes affect subsequent behaviour.
business
▪ Foreign policy may also affect the expatriate's business or social activities.
▪ The survey showed that consumer concern about the economy was the single biggest factor affecting the building business in 1993.
▪ This turnabout is affecting the whole ski business in Britain, not least the magazines.
▪ Support small businesses affected by the Local Business Rate.
▪ Only a brief outline of the main points which currently affect business executives can be given here.
▪ In practice you look at all the alternatives and examine each in turn to see how it might affect your business.
▪ Finance did not much affect the organisation of businesses, though it might influence their policy.
▪ That would affect all businesses, not just exporters.
change
▪ Most legal experts believe that few, if any, further important changes affecting company pension schemes are likely to ensue.
▪ This outbreak illustrates how factors such as weather and demographic changes can affect the emergence of public health problems from infectious diseases.
▪ I think that I am right in saying that regulation 3 provides that the changes will not affect pending applications for review.
▪ The potential application of this technology to monitoring environmental changes that could affect the emergence of infectious diseases will be assessed.
▪ But the change will affect companies, too.
▪ The change affected clinics that primarily perform abortions as well as family doctors who may do the procedure along with unrelated services.
▪ We are writing to all existing claimants to let them know how the change will affect them.
▪ The change also affects medical offices that perform abortions in addition to unrelated services.
child
▪ Growth failure is a major problem affecting up to 50% of children with Crohn's disease.
▪ A final factor that affects the number of children desired by developing world couples is infant mortality.
▪ Beginning to think about how their reactions affect the child can be an important step.
▪ Although parents undoubtedly affect their children in positive, life-sustaining ways, they can also be the most vocal and constant editors.
▪ It is not only deaf parents who could have affected children.
▪ It can affect children as well as adults, but seems to worsen with age.
▪ It affects children of both sexes and is passed to them by both parents.
▪ The vagaries of her life and moods can intrude on the household or affect the child.
country
▪ Each has its own momentum that critically affects how much developing country governments can influence the outcomes.
▪ Her work centers on the social issues affecting women in her country.
▪ The network began a review last year of a first group of seriously affected countries.
▪ Global warming will deeply affect poor countries, leading to huge numbers of refugees, crop failures, and extreme weather.
decision
▪ At another level, there is the question of who should determine major decisions which affect local communities.
▪ The court decision did not affect term limits for state offices.
▪ Look, who should be the leaders, the individuals who make the decisions that affect the lives of ordinary people?
▪ Everyone is involved in major decisions affecting the plant.
▪ Police say they have to make decisions affecting hundreds of lives in minutes.
▪ The appellate court decision affects Texas, Louisiana and Mississippi.
▪ But where a decision affects everyone in general and no one in particular it is much harder to define sufficient interest.
▪ But this decision affected more than the cladding: it also forced certain changes in the structural-steel layout.
development
▪ Despite strong regional cultural traditions, Tyne side was affected by these developments.
▪ Any handicaps or special characteristics which obviously affect health and development can not be ignored.
▪ How have families headed by women been affected by recent economic developments?
▪ If we look at other photographic genres, we can also observe the way in which commodity culture has affected their development.
▪ Longer runway preferred How would an air cargo hub affect those developments?
▪ Transgenic mice provide a particularly powerful way of studying how genes affect development and how they are turned on and off.
▪ Development plans show future road improvements which may affect development, for example where new access on to an existing road is not permissible.
factor
▪ So let us look at what factors appear to affect the performance of individuals in their jobs.
▪ Nutritional factors that affect your cholesterol: Saturated fat is the single most important factor affecting blood cholesterol levels.
▪ Another factor affecting the way schools work is the way they have always worked.
▪ Another factor which affected the likelihood of a case being reported was intimidation by the cattle stealers.
▪ As factors affecting this requirement are sometimes not known until departure date, we can not always notify you in advance.
▪ Other factors affecting growth explain why not all plants welcome unlimited light.
▪ He found that support mechanisms and institutional settings are not key factors affecting research advance.
▪ In this case, however, mutations affecting the expression of any one factor invariably affect two adjacent parts of the flower.
family
▪ A person's retirement will affect the family functioning and network but this is not unidirectional.
▪ Most of the cases affected rural families where children slept near stored grain that investigators believed was contaminated with the fungus.
▪ This isolation, of course, affects their family just as much.
▪ It goes back and forth to when her great grandfather was killed in World War I and how that affected her family.
▪ In some cases this can be painful, distressing and can affect your family and work.
▪ Family life today is likely to be affected by the extended family.
▪ How will it affect your family?
health
▪ The austerity measures affected primarily spending on health, social welfare, defence and overseas development assistance.
▪ For programs affecting the health and safety of the entire population a single average value serves well.
▪ I only started to make the links when the dampness started to affect my mental health.
▪ Inside the bottle you will find a handful of sparkling semi-precious gemstones which spiritual healers believe affect our health and well-being.
▪ The case touches upon decades of tradition in Dubuque, and dramatic changes affecting health care nationwide.
▪ This damp and the gas fire has affected her health, as she has bronchial asthma.
▪ It might be safely affirmed that almost all occupations more or less affect the health.
issue
▪ We hope to ensure that every candidate will have given some consideration to the issues which affect older people.
▪ To this centre people would come from different parts to learn from each other about issues which affect them all in everyday life.
▪ But with his conservative views on welfare and other issues affecting women, he was hardly our ideal candidate.
▪ It identifies key issues directly affecting the company and gives advice on strategy or operations.
▪ However, in the tiny political pond of Shetland, important issues can be affected by seemingly trivial considerations.
▪ The staff of the centre will known Northern Ireland business and the issues likely to affect it.
▪ There are many issues which affect us.
level
▪ By the 1990s the change to the meritocrats had begun to affect the highest levels of the party.
▪ Nor does it mean the quality of research will be affected by level of popularity among scientists and laymen.
▪ Factors such as stress and a poor diet can affect these hormone levels, worsening the symptoms.
▪ Nutritional factors that affect your cholesterol: Saturated fat is the single most important factor affecting blood cholesterol levels.
▪ Government policy may however affect the level of capital, and output, per man.
▪ Furthermore, intercurrent disease may affect nutrient levels.
▪ Do not use coral sand as a filter bed substrate as this will gradually dissolve and affect the calcium level.
▪ Although fat ingestion only slightly affects cholesterol levels, both the triglyceride and lipoprotein electrophoresis results are greatly affected.
life
▪ What happens in another country can within seconds affect life in our own country.
▪ The group fears that the change in regulations would lead to more ocean dumping which could adversely affect sea life and beaches.
▪ Communication skills affect every area of life, from expressing feelings in intimate relationships to dealing with over-zealous shop assistants.
▪ Interactive telecommunications increasingly give ordinary citizens immediate access to the major political decisions that affect their lives and property.
▪ On a wider front secularism has affected our lives in a variety of ways.
▪ Between that moment and his last column Tuesday, McCarthy has affected many a life, as I heard frequently last week.
▪ The environment calls the tune and the strategic behaviour of individuals is a response to the circumstances affecting their lives.
▪ They see it as a gut issue that affects their lives.
matter
▪ The management of resource allocation involves giving attention to all these matters and how they affect roles at different hierarchical levels.
▪ Technology has, it seems, transformed entirely academic discussions concerning idealized computing devices into matters which directly affect all our lives!
▪ The decision of he judges is final, as is that of the Editor in all other matters affecting the competition.
▪ Free individual choice in matters affecting this right should, in my opinion, be accorded very high priority.
▪ This is not just an academic matter - it affects practice, for example in the arts.
▪ Indeed Parliament has legislated on matters affecting every aspect of our lives.
▪ The right to be consulted about matters affecting their home or their tenancy.
▪ The Minister knows my views on such matters when they might affect service personnel and families.
number
▪ ScotRail and InterCity say the services they are withdrawing or altering will affect a small number of commuters.
▪ A final factor that affects the number of children desired by developing world couples is infant mortality.
▪ It affected a large number of libraries, and it included college libraries as well as public libraries.
▪ In this sense, government growth means passing more laws which affect an increasingly large number of aspects of our lives.
▪ She has been highly successful and portrays a very positive image, which affects the number of female pupils we attract.
▪ Is the stability over time of a portfolio beta affected by the number of constituent securities and if so why? 2.
▪ These environmental problems associated with traffic in housing areas affect very large numbers of people.
▪ Cytomegalovirus is a less well-known infection which affects considerably greater numbers of babies than rubella.
outcome
▪ What you must recognize is that the answers given to the questions will affect the outcome of the research.
▪ But did it affect the outcome of the election?
▪ This will be appreciated by the candidate and prevent any unnecessary bad feeling that would affect the outcome.
▪ The delay will not affect the outcome of the vote, as the ballot-counting process continues to be monitored by international observers.
▪ Your prayers could make the difference, affecting the final outcome.
▪ This would drastically alter the emphasis of most campaign fund-raising operations and increase the ability of individuals to affect the outcomes.
▪ That is one of the quirks of the system and it does not affect the outcome of the appeals.
▪ Almost anything that happens between now and November 7 could affect the outcome.
people
▪ Ageism is not just about prejudices towards older people; it can affect younger people, too.
▪ Looking back on it, I wondered how our visit had affected these people.
▪ Fuel costs increased dramatically during the mid-1970s and have remained high ever since, and this adversely affects many old people.
▪ Sometimes there is, especially when one has to act on one's beliefs in ways that affect other people.
▪ The case also highlights the widespread practice of arbitrary detention that affects about 2 million people each year.
▪ Certain ways of putting things are more likely than others to affect people adversely.
▪ These characteristics and/or processes start with people and they affect other people - each other certainly, but also pupils.
performance
▪ Fixed-interest securities would be immune at least to some of the difficulties that might affect companies' trading performance.
▪ The action occurs in real time, and damage shows on a vehicle and affects its performance.
▪ And occupational psychologists have shown that the definition of your job by others can affect your performance.
▪ At first the others joked about it, but their air of exclusivity began to affect team performance.
▪ Dictionaries differ widely in their style and content, and this has been shown to affect recognition performance.
▪ A poorly fitted saddle will affect the performance of rider and horse, he explains.
▪ The pressure is usually transmitted to the available servicing personnel affecting their performance.
▪ However, too much or little anxiety will always affect any performance in a detrimental way.
person
▪ Conversely, the availability of different types of housing also affects the ability of persons and families forming separate households.
▪ A further consideration, however, is that the safety of each person affects other persons as well.
▪ This complaint is said to affect one person in three over the age of 60 in the West.
▪ There are several hundred drugs which could affect a person with a predisposition to seizures.
▪ They believe their luck will be affected by the first person to visit them that day.
▪ My views affect me as a person.
policy
▪ Conservation policies must affect these relations.
▪ As legislator, the student helps make Policy that affects the content of the subjects he is going to study.
▪ Domestic policies have repercussions abroad: external policy can markedly affect a state's internal circumstance.
▪ It handles similar subjects to his - monetary policy, delicate decisions affecting the money markets.
▪ In the sections below we divide them into policies affecting imports, exports and countertrade.
▪ How does fiscal policy affect the inequality of incomes?
▪ Overall responsibility for policy matters that affect the committees therefore lies with the Department of Trade and Industry.
▪ First, social trends and policy changes are affecting low-income families in ways that leave studies rapidly out of date.
problem
▪ At the same time there are a series of practical problems affecting all consultation with users.
▪ Robert Jenkins continues to play left tackle, as Harlow recovers from a nerve problem that affects his hip and back.
▪ Find out about the problems which can affect them.
▪ An examination revealed a disk problem that affects a nerve running to his leg.
▪ Segmentation is another problem that affects both media.
▪ But it appears that pricing is not the only problem affecting investors in the Dumenil group.
▪ Treasury sources said that the Chancellor, Gordon Brown, believes child poverty is one of the most serious problems affecting Britain.
▪ Legal problems especially affect the Koenigs collection.
process
▪ If our mind refuses to let our body respond, the feeling stays locked in and can affect all our physical processes.
▪ Purists argue against roasting in a conventional oven because the closed space traps moisture, adversely affecting the roasting process.
▪ Hard water will, of course, affect soaping processes and consume soap by the formation of insoluble calcium and magnesium soaps.
▪ The intent of the project is to identify those parameters which most affect the production process.
▪ It is the purpose of this research to investigate how changing the feedback provided by the computer affects the complex learning process.
▪ We know they exist, but how do they affect the reasoning process?
▪ These will be considered in relation to factors affecting the learning process.
▪ But there has been little systematic investigation of how different approaches affect the process of analysis and theoretical development.
quality
▪ Daytime drowsiness and associated sleep disorders can affect the quality of your life and can cause accidents, especially among drivers.
▪ Is all this affecting the quality of life of society in general?
▪ The process can also affect the flavour and quality of the product.
▪ These difficulties will affect the quality of her attention.
▪ Being over-weight, and eating and exercising inappropriately, will make many diseases worse and will affect the quality of life.
▪ In the case of the supermarket chain, size, not necessarily sole ownership, affects the quality of the food.
▪ It affects the quality of your everyday existence.
▪ Similarly, people with physical handicap affecting the quality of life would have less claim on resources.
rate
▪ This in turn will affect interest rates generally throughout the economy.
▪ To deal with this possibility, you need to identify the factors that might affect voting rates among men and women.
▪ It directly affects our exchange rate and interest rates and, indirectly, jobs, trade, investment and economic growth.
▪ First of all, as many people know, food can affect the rate at which alcohol enters the bloodstream.
▪ Firstly, improved police efficiency will affect the rate of recorded crime.
▪ Neither does varying the task necessarily affect the group success rate in the same way that it affects individual performance.
▪ Unborn children are affected and the death rate is steadily rising.
way
▪ And the tension seemed to have affected her in other ways, too.
▪ Nicotine can affect sleep in two ways.
▪ They can be real and strong, affecting the way we lead our lives.
▪ He affects in a childish way to be above passion, and he is very ostentatious in what he says and does.
▪ How did the dominant social, economic and cultural forces affect the way they lived their lives?
▪ Change has also affected the way we organise and set up exhibitions.
▪ But as the study just cited indicates, environmental influences can powerfully affect the way genetic predispositions are expressed in human behavior.
■ VERB
seem
▪ And the tension seemed to have affected her in other ways, too.
▪ Only the forward third of the hull seemed to be affected.
▪ However, it was not so much the fact that his life had ended which seemed to affect Maxine.
▪ Stewart's departure, after an incident that left Paul Roberts holding his face, did not seem to affect Spurs unduly.
▪ Joseph seemed to be curiously affected by the game.
▪ The problem seems to affect people sensitive to primulas.
▪ Ordinary heat didn't come from inside the way microwave seemed to, affecting you all at once.
▪ In the past, longer terms do not seem to have affected applications for places.
PHRASES FROM OTHER ENTRIES
immediately involved/affected/concerned etc
▪ Civil society is constituted by the social relationships and processes outside paid employment and not immediately affected by the state.
▪ Henry's memory, of course, seemed only defective in matters that immediately concerned him.
▪ No one is more anxious that the penalties should be apt for the crime than those most immediately affected by prison disorder.
▪ The availability of land played a crucial part in relations between the landowning class and those immediately concerned with its cultivation.
▪ The hearing is technically in public, though it is very rare for anyone other than those immediately involved to be present.
▪ The problem is to convince those who are not so immediately affected.
▪ Those most immediately affected given support.
▪ We are not immediately concerned whether they are based on off-line, optical discs or on online technology by way of broadband networks.
EXAMPLES FROM OTHER ENTRIES
▪ Emergency relief will be sent to the areas most affected by the hurricane.
▪ It is annoying when she tries to affect a British accent.
▪ Scientists are investigating the ways in which climate changes affect the ozone.
▪ The disease affects the central nervous system.
▪ The new tax law doesn't affect me because I'm a student.
▪ We were all deeply affected by the news of Sonia's death.
EXAMPLES FROM CORPUS
▪ It affects him like a smell, like a chime.
▪ Such considerations affect the way the courts decide on what sentence to pass on the accused.
▪ The explanation of this is that the sun is not the only agent that affects the temperature of the colonies.
▪ The impact of this capacity is expected to start affecting revenue growth in the second quarter of 2000.
▪ The reasons for selling can vary enormously and will affect what the vendor sees as the key issues.
▪ The speed of the computation affects the sampling size and speed of updates.
▪ We know little about the way in which workers' motivations are affected by the creation of a powerful market test.