What does tax mean

Crossword clues for tax

tax

Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English

tax

I.noun

COLLOCATIONS FROM OTHER ENTRIES

a budget/tax proposal (=a budget/tax plan)

▪ Criticism of the budget proposals was voiced by the International Monetary Fund.

a tax bill

▪ There are various ways you can reduce your tax bill.

a tax burden

▪ These changes will ease the tax burden for small businesses.

a tax increase

▪ The government had no choice but to impose a tax increase.

a tax loophole

▪ The government lost billions because of a tax loophole.

a tax rate

▪ People objected to higher property tax rates.

a tax threshold

▪ The Conservatives promised to help the lower paid by increasing the tax threshold.

capital gains tax

car tax

carbon tax

▪ carbon taxes on fossil fuels

Child Tax Credit

collect tax/rent/a debt

▪ The landlady came around once a month to collect the rent.

corporation tax (=tax that companies have to pay on their profits)

council tax

cut taxes/rates

▪ The government is expected to cut interest rates next month.

direct tax

estate tax

excise duty/tax (=the money paid as excise)

▪ excise duty on tobacco

exempt from...tax

▪ The interest is exempt from income tax.

exempted from...tax

▪ Charities are exempted from paying the tax.

file...tax returns

▪ Today is the deadline for Americans to file their tax returns.

green tax

high price/charge/tax etc

▪ If you want better public services, you’ll have to pay higher taxes – it’s as simple as that.

import taxes/duties/tariffs

▪ The US imposed huge import duties on products from Europe.

income tax (=tax that you pay on your income)

▪ The standard rate of income tax is to be cut by 0.5%.

income tax

indirect tax

inheritance tax

inspector of taxes

levy a tax/charge/fine etc (on sth)

▪ a new tax levied on all electrical goods

payroll tax

poll tax

price/rate/tax etc hikes

▪ Several airlines have proposed fare hikes, effective October 1.

progressive tax

regressive tax

rent/mortgage/tax arrears

▪ He was ordered to pay rent arrears of £550.

road tax

sales tax

stealth tax

tax allowance

▪ a new tax allowance

tax avoidance (=legal way of not paying tax)

▪ a tax avoidance scheme

tax avoidance

tax bracket

▪ It may put you in a higher tax bracket.

tax break

▪ tax breaks for small businesses

tax collector

tax cuts

▪ The President announced tax cuts.

tax deductible

▪ Interest charges are tax deductible.

tax disc

tax dodge (=a way of avoiding paying tax)

▪ Businesses are investing in tree plantations as a tax dodge .

tax dodge

tax evasion

▪ He is in prison for tax evasion.

tax evasion

tax exempt

tax exemption

▪ You qualify for a tax exemption on the loan.

tax exile

tax haven

tax incentives (=a reduction in tax, offered to people as an incentive)

▪ Tax incentives are provided for employees to buy shares in their own companies.

tax inspector

tax liability (=a legal responsibility to pay tax)

▪ The government is planning to increase the tax liability on company cars.

tax reform

▪ The Chancellor's proposals for tax reform met strong resistance in the Commons.

tax relief

▪ You can get tax relief on private health insurance premiums.

tax return

tax revenues

▪ an increase in tax revenues of 8.4%

tax shelter

tax year

tax/copyright/divorce etc law(s)

▪ an accountant who knows about tax law

tax/insurance/credit card etc fraud

▪ He’s been charged with tax fraud.

tax/ticket/debt/refuse collector

the rate of interest/pay/tax etc

▪ They believe that Labour would raise the basic rate of tax.

try/test/tax sb's patience (=make it difficult for someone to continue to be patient)

▪ The guy at the desk was beginning to try my patience.

value-added tax

windfall tax

withholding tax

Working Tax Credit

COLLOCATIONS FROM CORPUS

■ ADJECTIVE

corporate

▪ They have not pumped up taxes; personal and corporate income taxes have remained at reasonable levels.

▪ According to Congress's Joint Committee on Taxation, corporate tax breaks in the 1995 fiscal year might reach 60 billion.

▪ He would end a corporate capital tax, privatize some government-owned corporations, tighten welfare rules and reduce trade-union powers.

▪ The corporate income tax base was broadened while the tax rate was reduced.

▪ An increase in the top corporate income tax rate to 36 percent from the current 34 percent.

▪ The cost would be offset in part from repeal of corporate tax breaks.

▪ The existence of a mark-up has to be taken into account when considering the response to a corporate tax.

▪ Recall from Chapter 7 that the corporate income tax entails a problem of double taxation.

direct

▪ After 1994, all the autonomies were allowed to keep 15 % of the direct income tax revenues attributable to their region.

▪ Then on March 22, 1765, Parliament in the Stamp Act imposed the first direct tax on the colonies.

▪ This points to shifting the emphasis away from direct tax on people's incomes and on to taxes on wealth or on spending.

▪ In 1294-7, it has been calculated, the laity and clergy together yielded £280,000 in direct taxes to the king.

▪ But the larger part is supposed to come from direct taxes.

▪ In contrast, direct taxes can only be changed at Budget time.

▪ We have already seen how, in both theory and practice, direct taxes on income affect incentives to work.

▪ What is the effect of the combination of direct and indirect taxes?

federal

▪ They offer investors federal tax credits -- and, in some cases, matching provincial credits.

▪ That would push the top federal tax rate for these under-$ 60, 000 earners to 40 % or more.

▪ This was to be financed without raising federal taxes.

▪ The proposals surfaced after Congress decided to explore ways to overhaul the cumbersome federal tax system.

▪ By Jan. 1, 2000, there will be no state or federal taxes of any kind.

▪ Experts say there is a good chance Congress will eventually convert the decades-old federal income tax into something else.

▪ Exhibit 2. 1 summarizes the current federal corporate income tax rate.

▪ The 4. 3-cent a gallon tax was added on to the existing 14. 1-cent-a-gallon federal tax in 1993.

high

▪ However, that is not a good reason for trying to levy high tax rates that no-one can enforce.

▪ Some Democrats say it would require a relatively high tax rate near 20 percent to produce sufficient revenue.

▪ The whole country would like to know at what level of income they intend to increase the higher rate of tax.

▪ The communities then scramble to raise money -- turning to higher taxes.

▪ Distributions are subject to ordinary income tax, and taking too large a distribution could propel you into a higher tax bracket.

▪ We leave it to the Opposition to advocate higher taxes.

▪ Or would you prefer a return to high taxes and secondary picketing?

indirect

▪ Their logic is reflected in the kinds of indirect tax that are levied.

▪ So far we have discussed the impact of indirect taxes on allocative efficiency.

▪ In 1433 indirect taxes contributed about £27,000 perannum to a net revenue of £36,000.

▪ For these reasons, indirect taxes are usually regarded as a more flexible instrument of macroeconomic policy.

▪ However, others suggest that consumers are well aware of the impact of indirect taxes on the price level.

▪ It has contributed to the decline in direct portfolio investment as opposed to indirect investment through tax exempt institutions.

▪ What is the effect of the combination of direct and indirect taxes?

▪ Although indirect taxes as a whole are regressive, there is some variation between different types of indirect tax.

local

▪ Income on any overseas assets backing this policy may be paid subject to a local withholding tax.

▪ Low local taxes are not always a recipe for electoral success.

▪ It also would generate up to $ 2 billion in federal, state and local royalty and tax payments.

▪ The leaflet is available free of charge from tax enquiry centres and local tax offices.

▪ City expansion has increased local property tax revenues and has thwarted some flight to suburbia.

▪ They demanded new schools, supported by local taxes and managed by locally elected bodies.

▪ The treasurer collects local taxes and invests city money until it is needed.

low

▪ As one goes further south, people will be paying lower regional taxes and will vote Conservative.

▪ Foreign money capitalized the long expansion that lower taxes helped to create.

▪ Income tax thresholds were raised from G$10,000 to G$48,000 with lower tax rates planned to offset the withdrawal of personal allowances.

▪ Republican voters say they want low taxes and prudent spending cuts.

▪ But lower taxes and a prudent approach to borrowing do not mean public spending fall; quite the reverse.

▪ Presumably, the student will have little other income, and therefore be in a low tax bracket.

▪ The government sets the local price of petrol absurdly low while imposing taxes of over 80% on the company's revenues.

▪ The Senate majority leader talked about a balanced budget, smaller government, lower taxes, and a strong foreign policy.

■ NOUN

allowance

▪ These include a capital gains tax cut, a 15% investment tax allowance and across-the-board tax rate cuts.

▪ Personal tax allowances are expected to be frozen and taxes on petrol, drink and tobacco raised.

▪ This could, of course, be extended to the whole range of non-personal tax allowances.

▪ The cardinal rule is: only register if your taxable income is less than your tax allowances.

▪ It offered married men a tax allowance of some one-and-a-half times the single person's allowance to which working wives were entitled.

▪ Employers' social security contributions were reduced by 4.3 percent from Jan. 1, 1993, and income tax allowances were reduced.

▪ Pressure is mounting for tax allowances on childcare.

▪ Because everybody claimed the allowances, the cost of increasing the value of the tax allowances was substantially increased.

base

▪ This decision is likely to be influenced by the age and tax base cost of the company's plant.

▪ If the economy is managed properly it can benefit us all with some impressive growth in jobs and tax base.

▪ The tax base in the suburbs is largely composed of single-family residences.

▪ Quotas are figured into land values and thus affect the tax base.

▪ The tax base, or rateable value, is the net annual value of the property occupied.

▪ The corporate income tax base was broadened while the tax rate was reduced.

▪ Such help to industry shrinks the tax base.

▪ Mayors inherited an eroding tax base and the loss of jobs.

bill

▪ This year's two community charges come to £656, while this year's council tax bill will amount to £517.

▪ Simpson recently paid two overdue tax bills of more than $ 706, 000.

▪ The council tax Bill exists because the poll tax was the disaster that so many hon. Members said it would be.

▪ If the family earns $ 100, 000, the tax bill drops by 22 percent.

▪ That may mean sizeable tax bills on employers' pension contributions for employees.

▪ The House version of the tax bill was 1, 379 pages long, the Senate version 1, 580 pages.

▪ It will mean a £50 cut per household on average council tax bills.

▪ Without even realizing, it runs up a payroll tax bill of $ 85, 000.

break

▪ This will also be the year when Woopies - well off older people - get a tax break.

▪ For this, the government gives the paper companies tax breaks.

▪ Savers must keep the account open for five years to qualify for the tax breaks.

▪ Companies with large property holdings, like oil and gas corporations, want the consumption taxes because those represent tax breaks.

▪ If all of the tax breaks are doing that much damage, go ahead and eliminate them.

▪ White House aides said Clinton will map proposed tax breaks specifically aimed at helping community college students.

▪ Any advantage that a tax break can achieve, a subsidy can accomplish just as easily.

▪ The market took off because of a simple tax break.

burden

▪ Immediate pressure on peasant living standards was relieved by the abolition of redemption dues and restraint of the tax burden.

▪ But tax harmonizing brings with it an implicit harmonization of spending levels, since total tax burdens must be basically similar.

▪ The total tax burden has risen only slightly.

▪ Connell notes that for individuals, the tax burden would shift from the wealthy to the middle class.

▪ The interim dividend is 2.5p, against 1.75p and earnings were 0.5p higher at 8.2p after a slightly lower tax burden.

▪ And to an extraordinary extent, diverse groups agree on what the maximum tax burden should be.

▪ Proper road prices would raise the motoring tax burden.

▪ Today the employer-employee payroll tax burden has hit a joint 15. 3 %, if you include Medicare.

car

▪ Read in studio Police have begun a campaign against car tax dodgers.

▪ The abolition of car tax is a good idea.

▪ Then the Chancellor helped the industry by abolishing car tax in his Autumn Statement.

▪ Mr Gould had gone to Mr Hoad's home in Gloucester to collect unpaid fines for parking and car tax.

▪ The cut in car tax and the increase in capital allowances will also help to boost confidence.

▪ It also calls for a higher price threshold for company car tax.

▪ This will benefit business directly, as will the abolition of the car tax.

▪ Mr Lamont said he had made clear he would recoup the cost when he abolished car tax.

code

▪ In the latter case you would need to get a new tax code number from your employer.

▪ An all-out campaign to truly simplify the tax code, and answer basic small business riddles, is long overdue.

▪ Plenty of obstacles, from tax codes to bureaucrats, remain.

▪ They blamed not the Internal Revenue Service but the tax code.

▪ In 1986, for instance, Dole supported an inheritance tax code that greatly benefited the Gallos.

▪ The commission did identify 60 areas where the tax code might be simplified.

▪ The real purpose of the tax code is to supply tax breaks for politicians to auction off to campaign contributors.

▪ With the incentives of the tax code, the law firms and corporations have become the new Versailles.

collector

▪ But with the tax collectors anxious to get their hands on every ha'penny, the Chancellor can not afford to be generous.

▪ Of course, the very concept of a popular tax collector is as oxymoronic as jumbo shrimp.

▪ But the rich will always be better at hiding from the tax collector than the poor.

▪ Also patron of bankers, book-keepers, customs agents, security guards, and tax collectors.

▪ Do we exclude them in the same way as tax collectors etc.

▪ Pollution Tax: Many of the unemployed income tax collectors will be retrained as Pollution Inspectors.

▪ Playing hide and seek with the tax collector is a popular game.

▪ Within this society their were a number of groups considered as outcasts, of which were included tax collectors.

concession

▪ They would enjoy major tax concessions, including 50 percent rebates in their first year and 25 percent in their second.

▪ How is the free-market economy to be reconciled with continued large-scale tax concessions for house mortgages and private pensions?

▪ Forestry companies no longer granted tax concessions have been trying to offload their holdings.

▪ It also received a host of tax concessions.

▪ Mr. Jackson I have already referred to the tax concession in the 1990 Budget.

▪ Market-distorting activities arise from state aids such as subsidies, tax concessions, and other financial help given to domestic companies.

▪ Macleod was attacked by both liberals and conservatives in the Legco for failing to provide sufficient tax concessions to middle income earners.

▪ Private pension scheme tax concessions grew as part of deliberate policy.

credit

▪ Simultaneously, tax credits can target state support to approved groups, and promote socially desirable economic behaviour.

▪ It criticized Clinton for vetoing the 1996 Republican budget that provided for a $ 500-per-child tax credit.

▪ President Bill Clinton vetoed that, and proposed instead some small tax credits and tax deductions for higher education.

▪ These ranged from providing training to workplace mentors and supervisors to tax credits for the wages paid to school-to-work participants.

▪ Firstly, in 1986 there was a reform of Federal Insurance tax; congress dropped tax credit for individual contributions.

▪ That bill includes a host of other provisions, including simplified pension rules and tax credits for hiring disadvantaged youth.

▪ He also said that the Conservatives would keep the working families tax credit, but would reform it.

▪ Two years ago the state also eliminated the tax credit cap on research and development.

cut

▪ He has also made modest tax cuts of his own in New York City.

▪ When the tax cut was going through Congress, the figures seemed too unimaginable to really resonate.

▪ And to top it all, there were tax cuts too.

▪ He also said Republicans would make several attempts to pass tax cuts aimed at businesses and the middle class.

▪ However, we seem more intent on using further tax cuts to prolong the party.

▪ Instead, Dole proposed a 15 percent tax cut.

▪ That would mean using all the fruits from economic growth for public services rather than tax cuts.

▪ And he repeated his plan for a $ 500 million state tax cut.

evasion

▪ Two separate counts of tax evasion were filed against their son and daughter.

▪ Each count of felony tax evasion can put you behind bars for 5 years with a $ 100, 000 fine.

▪ The Commission argued that this was the best system because it would avoid both tax evasion and double taxation.

▪ Later he pleaded guilty to mail fraud and tax evasion in connection with defrauding Rose clients of nearly $ 400, 000.

▪ He is a vain, devious showman accused of bribery, tax evasion, fraud and mafia connections.

▪ While serving a federal prison sentence for mail fraud and tax evasion, &038;.

▪ Far be it from us to condone tax evasion.

▪ Capone came back downtown and had things his own way until the federal government imprisoned him for tax evasion.

exemption

▪ Establishing such enclaves would inevitably encourage the immigration of larger companies seeking tax exemptions.

▪ This firm is assisting the organization in resolving problems related to its tax exemption.

▪ Instead, you can use your annual capital gains tax exemption-currently £7,200-to shelter the returns from the taxman.

▪ The result was that the government created a paper blizzard of promissory notes and tax exemptions.

▪ For basic-rate payers, the tax exemption will not compensate for the low rate.

▪ In 1920, Austen Chamberlain transformed the system by allowing tax exemptions to be claimed nomatterhow big the taxpayer's income.

▪ Increased tax exemptions for gifts to museums would also be very helpful.

haven

▪ Even so-called tax havens may fail to live up to their privileged reputation.

▪ The Bill would make it illegal to carry on business with tax havens.

▪ Another tax haven to emerge recently is Western Samoa.

▪ For the same reason, I fear that an accountant's expert knowledge of tax havens may once again be a saleable commodity.

▪ Tax authorities tend to subject tax haven operations to close scrutiny.

▪ Some tax havens combine these advantages with an extensive tax treaty network.

incentive

▪ Indiana has sometimes spent too much on tax incentives to lure companies inside its borders.

▪ The tax incentive is applied generally to all adoptions, foreign and domestic.

▪ This helped persuade the Government to take action altering tax incentives for planting in the 1988 Budget.

▪ Dole is focusing on long-run growth and tax incentives.

▪ We have introduced new tax incentives for savings.

▪ Encouragement in this direction was to be provided by tax incentives and state-subsidized research and development.

▪ In previous chapters we have discussed tax incentives, competition policy, and industrial policy.

▪ It also claims that emissions could be stabilized by 1994 through the use of new technologies and tax incentives for fuel-efficient cars.

income

▪ I pay income tax at the basic 25 percent rate.

▪ Other potential trouble spots for Forbes include his refusal to release his personal income tax returns, as Dole has done.

▪ A comparison with the total income tax due will disclose either an over or under payment of income tax.

▪ Taylor attacked a proposal by Forbes to replace the current graduated income tax with a flat tax of 17 percent.

▪ If rebates are extensive this takes on some aspects of an income tax too.

▪ They might remember also that without bipartisan accommodation the graduated income tax never would have become a constitutional amendment.

▪ Lord Howe said increases in basic rate income tax were not unthinkable.

▪ The policies which had the most direct impact concerned income tax.

increase

▪ Gradually Congress was won over to the need for tax increases and cuts in public expenditure.

▪ Reduce the deficit through tax increases and some spending restraints.

▪ Mr Dorrell said he hoped a gradual tax increase would make the principle more acceptable to drivers.

▪ User fees have become ever more popular as resistance to tax increases has mounted.

▪ The Budget Resolution contained no tax increase and no tampering with Social Security.

▪ Mr Greenspan also said it would be wrong to pay for the war with a tax increase or surcharge.

▪ But many Republican politicians worry that voters would view any change as a tax increase.

inheritance

▪ Abolish the present inheritance tax and make recipients pay on gifts above a certain band as income.

▪ The same ordinarily holds true of payroll and inheritance taxes.

▪ Also, where there is property located outside the United Kingdom, no inheritance tax will be payable.

▪ In 1986, for instance, Dole supported an inheritance tax code that greatly benefited the Gallos.

▪ The modern form of death duties is the inheritance tax.

▪ But the loudest gripes concerned my criticism of the legislation to phase out inheritance tax.

▪ Property left to a surviving spouse remains, as before, free of inheritance tax.

▪ Thus inheritance tax is concerned with gratuitous transactions. 5.

law

▪ Gaps when they are found in our tax laws are usually speedily filled.

▪ Actually, 1995 was the lowest year for California tax law changes that I can remember.

▪ The 12 also chipped away at one of the other stumbling blocks, the need to harmonise tax laws across the Community.

▪ In the tax law, it is said, an ounce of prevention is worth about a million dollars of cure.

▪ Federal tax law bars use of such funds to further a political agenda.

▪ That statement was silent on the question of whether Gingrich deliberately misled the committee or skirted tax law.

▪ Federal tax law covered 16 pages then.

▪ In 1774 Backus wrote Samuel Adams a letter of protest as he watched constables arrest Baptists for offenses against tax laws.

liability

▪ The losses suffered during the start-up phase of a business can be used to reduce the tax liabilities of the owners.

▪ These are non-statutory rules made by the Inland Revenue stipulating when full tax liability will not be enforced.

▪ Individuals owning their own businesses must compare the expected tax liability of a proprietorship or partnership with the liability of a corporation.

▪ The company's corporation tax liability is due on 1 October 1995 and its returns and accounts by 31 December 1995.

▪ Interest rates also reflect the tax liability associated with the income attached to the ownership of particular securities.

▪ By balancing profits and loss in this way, total tax liability may be reduced.

▪ Many high-income people can reduce their income tax liabilities very substantially by availing themselves of this loophole.

poll

▪ He was the leader of the Labour controlled council which came into conflict with the the Government over poll tax last year.

▪ Surely all poll tax cases should be stopped until the matter has been sorted out.

▪ Like the poll tax, the council tax would also take account of the number of adults in each household.

▪ What should replace the poll tax -; should the citizens not decide?

▪ A large number of people seem to share the Prime Minister's belief that the poll tax is already abolished.

▪ They criticise the poll tax, but when they were in office the rates went through the roof.

▪ The poll tax, he said, is central to change and to improving the inner cities.

▪ The arrangements announced yesterday to ease the introduction of the poll tax are symptomatic of a less rigorous approach.

property

▪ A naked property tax would be simpler, but it would not be as fair.

▪ Funding would come from sales taxes, property taxes and fees the state would turn over to the counties.

▪ A property tax is essentially unfair unless so many qualifications are built into it that it becomes complicated and expensive to administer.

▪ For example, even when land is sold, the property tax is not likely to be shifted.

▪ If we are to have a property tax, it must be logical, and the logic is clear.

▪ It could start by reducing the property tax rate, charging everyone less, including Tucson residents.

▪ The property tax will be levied, on the predictable base of immovable property, to yield the required annual debt repayments.

▪ With bonding authority, you can sell bonds for projects and then pay off the bonds with a local property tax.

rate

▪ Similar to covenant payments, the gift is made net of basic rate tax.

▪ Interest is paid quarterly in January, April, July and October; basic rate tax is deducted.

▪ This means that unless you are a higher rate tax payer, there is nothing else for you to pay.

▪ Those with earnings just above the tax threshold bore the heaviest burden of the flat rate tax as a proportion of income.

▪ Mr. Allason I congratulate my right hon. and learned Friend on the abolition of composite rate tax.

▪ The tax credit which accompanies a dividend matches the basic rate liability but the trustees pay additional rate tax of 10%.

▪ The rate of interest on the bonds is quoted net of basic rate tax.

reform

▪ But such concessions would undermine the very principles on which the case for tax reform is based.

▪ I came down on the side of tax reform.

▪ Others are much more interested in microeconomic questions, like tax reform, local-government finance and the role of subsidies and benefits.

▪ In the late 1980s the Conservative government increased the pace of its tax reform.

▪ He would personally lead the right for tax reform.

▪ The intention is to indicate the degree of ambiguity and the general lack of information that can characterize debate on tax reform.

▪ Two years ago, an independent bipartisan panel on tax reform chaired by Sen.

relief

▪ You can get a wife's earned income tax relief on the part of your pension which you earned from your own contributions.

▪ In 1990 the Gift Aid Scheme allows tax relief on single cash gifts to charities.

▪ So the single person now receives the same tax relief on a £30,000 mortgage as a couple.

▪ Budget the cost through fixed monthly payments and - depending on the project - offset some of the cost through tax relief.

▪ He is also expected to announce tax relief for overseas donations of existing drugs by pharmaceutical companies.

▪ The Chancellor has also cut back tax relief on relocation packages for employees.

▪ The outcome is foreshadowed by the radio speeches, in which he devoted more attention to tax relief than deficit reduction.

▪ However, he blew cold again on home loan borrowers by reducing the rate of mortgage tax relief by five full points.

return

▪ I completed a tax return but heard nothing more.

▪ One beauty of a flat tax supposedly is that tax returns would be simple.

▪ Reclaiming this tax involves filling in a tax return, including details of your salary received and the tax deducted.

▪ S corporation shareholders can also claim the losses of their corporations on their own tax returns.

▪ She is a 61-year-old housewife and does not receive a tax return.

▪ Even the math behind a simple tax return carries assumptions that are open to challenge.

▪ If your child has already paid tax, he or she must complete a tax return to receive a rebate.

▪ Other potential trouble spots for Forbes include his refusal to release his personal income tax returns, as Dole has done.

revenue

▪ If the government wishes to raise tax revenue in order to subsidize the poor, it should levy a tax on films.

▪ Forecasts of state tax revenue are beginning to produce mild surprises on the upside.

▪ Government need tax revenue to pay for public goods and to make transfer payments to the poor.

▪ Variety of Taxes Governments can raise tax revenue only if they can identify the activities on which the tax rates apply.

▪ If they do not change, tax revenue may fall anyway, as business leaves for friendlier haunts.

▪ The king had at his disposal, not tax revenue, but plunder and tribute amassed through warfare.

▪ Central government clearly earns a substantial tax revenue from sport, both indirectly, on expenditure, and directly, on incomes.

▪ Beginning from a zero rate, a small increase in the tax rate will yield some tax revenue.

system

▪ Table 7.2 shows very clearly what a proportionately high price the poor pay for their social services through the tax system.

▪ The proposals surfaced after Congress decided to explore ways to overhaul the cumbersome federal tax system.

▪ It was our colonial system which created export-based farming and the tax systems which continued the depopulation of the villages.

▪ The objective here is to introduce the fundamental characteristics of the tax system.

▪ Some of these taxes will be local, but some will come from central government revenue raised through the national tax system.

▪ Our tax system has shifted relentlessly toward taxes that allow no deductions for family dependents.

▪ If it were abolished, administration of the poll tax system would be easier.

▪ That unabashedly and unmistakably should be the purpose of any Republican tax system for the years ahead.

year

▪ The paper also considers the possibility that the self-employed should prepare tax accounts for the tax year.

▪ The publishers wanted to deliver the books before the end of their tax year, which was imminent.

▪ This sum is then included as part of a claimant's taxable income during the relevant tax year.

▪ A combination of the two processes means that you can use seven years of unused tax relief in one tax year.

▪ This will need to be done before the start of the tax year, i.e. before 6 April.

▪ It increases with income and with the passage of months during the tax year.

▪ In this current tax year, children can earn up to £4,385 before tax is levied.

▪ By the end of the tax year, National Savings had invested £39.7 billion-another record figure.

■ VERB

collect

▪ His cadres collect taxes and impose justice.

▪ Local officials collect no taxes from federal property and large tax-exempt institutions and are forbidden to raise taxes on commuters.

▪ The Revenue will have to collect tax from each individual partner.

▪ Atlanta-based Delta, though, says it thinks collecting the tax retroactively will be up to the government.

▪ There is, in theory, no reason why the state should not collect a great deal more tax than it does.

▪ States collect taxes and subsume many of the responsibilities of governing from the county.

▪ Republics collect taxes but are refusing to pass them on to the central government.

▪ It will have promised its elderly more than it can collect in taxes from those who are working.

impose

▪ The legislator, for example, has reason to impose a certain tax.

▪ In imposing taxes for state purposes, they are not doing what Congress is empowered to do.

▪ The way to raise energy prices is to impose a tax.

▪ Would it be a valid objection to an Order made under this statute that it imposes a tax?

▪ The District Court believed that it had no alternative to imposing a tax increase.

▪ It would impose taxes on business and individuals which would discourage enterprise and discourage people from trying to work hard.

▪ The District Court therefore abused its discretion in imposing the tax itself.

introduce

▪ The proposal is not to introduce a wealth tax under the form that it has been proposed elsewhere.

▪ A substantial tax on marriage has been introduced into our tax code for many couples. 5.

▪ He can, of course, introduce more taxes in his combined revenue and spending exercise in November.

▪ The majority Nationalists introduced an alternative tax bill Tuesday to block the opposition bill.

▪ For he went on to introduce new taxes.

▪ But the rebels introduced an equitable tax system and an agrarian reform program, distributing land to poor villagers.

▪ We have introduced new tax incentives for savings.

▪ There would be no reason to have introduced the poll tax and no reason for another arbitrary and unfair property tax.

levy

▪ If the government wishes to raise tax revenue in order to subsidize the poor, it should levy a tax on films.

▪ A unanimous vote of the Board of Supervisors is required to levy such a sales tax, which doesn't seem likely.

▪ Now those landowners have become greedy and demand high rents - and we help to exploit the peasants by levying crippling taxes.

▪ The study does propose levying a $ 3 tax per departing passenger at Lindbergh, starting in 1997.

▪ However, that is not a good reason for trying to levy high tax rates that no-one can enforce.

▪ Legislative acts that levied taxes and defined benefits have never contained any provisions for investing in assets to provide future benefits.

▪ Domestic rates will be abolished and in their place local authorities will levy a poll tax.

▪ However it does not levy a general sales tax; sales taxes are the bread and butter of most state governments.

pay

▪ The firm has to pay 1050 in corporation tax on the balancing charge and 5340 in capital gains tax.

▪ We are not paying any taxes and keep afloat only with the help of barter deals.

▪ They work all day and pay tax on the money they earn.

▪ The citizens of almost all other major developed economies pay higher taxes than we do.

▪ Another way to measure an individual's capacity to pay tax is the amount of capital assets he or she may have.

▪ But I never shoplift, and I pay my taxes.

▪ They suffer as it is, and now may have to pay tax on money they deserve.

▪ Second, you must file and pay all taxes owing for the next five years in a timely matter.

raise

▪ In 1996, a further modification to the system was agreed, giving regional governments important new responsibilities to raise tax revenues.

▪ The Front had promised victory and had raised taxes to pay for it.

▪ If the government wishes to raise tax revenue in order to subsidize the poor, it should levy a tax on films.

▪ It would also raise the payroll tax 1. 52 percentage points.

▪ In my local authority it is estimated that only 9 percent. of overall income will be raised by the council tax.

▪ How could the federal government make up the revenue drain that would result to avoid raising other taxes or increasing the deficit?

▪ It has become a truism of modern politics that people will never vote to raise their taxes.

▪ If they replace those benefits with higher wages, that would raise the income tax bill for workers.

reduce

▪ Table 16-2 shows that the first Thatcher government was able to reduce marginal tax rates substantially, especially for the very rich.

▪ Forbes' platform makes sense in a state on a mission to eliminate the income tax and substantially reduce the property tax.

▪ One key task was to reduce tax rates.

▪ The losses suffered during the start-up phase of a business can be used to reduce the tax liabilities of the owners.

▪ Capital allowances reduce a company's tax liability and thus improve its after-tax cash flow.

▪ Republicans also offered to reduce their tax cuts by about a fourth.

▪ Labour regards reducing taxes and defending ourselves as equally sinful.

▪ The deficit also is growing because of an economic slowdown that has reduced the amount of taxes collected, government officials say.

PHRASES FROM OTHER ENTRIES

back rent/taxes/pay etc

▪ A former landlord said she was still owed several thousand dollars in back rent.

▪ Dave Escott bought at the height of the boom, and any back rent will only add to his negative equity.

▪ He owes $ 10, 000 in back taxes.

▪ Homar sued for reinstatement of his job, back pay and money damages.

▪ I needed a release from the tax office showing that I owed no back taxes.

▪ Look, she said, he's left, bolted, owing three months' back rent.

▪ Next: What to do when you can not afford to pay back taxes.

▪ The Internal Revenue Service has been battling him for years for back taxes and penalties related to one venture.

be subject to a rule/law/penalty/tax etc

income/tax/age etc bracket

▪ Dataquest said only 12 percent in this income bracket owned computers.

▪ In addition they estimated the implied income tax brackets associated with each dividend payout level.

▪ It's all to do with the £19,250 tax bracket and engines below 2 litres.

▪ Jack Kemp would have to recommend that tax brackets be compressed to as low as 10 percent to dull their allure.

▪ Name the ethnicity, tax bracket or wardrobe, and they were there in full force.

▪ The key is, does your tax bracket justify buying munis?

▪ Together, that amounts to an annual tax saving of up to £1,000, compared to cars in a higher tax bracket.

▪ Why should you and I be in the same tax bracket as Steve Forbes?

punitive taxes/price increases etc

set sth against tax

▪ Parents can also set costs against tax.

set sth off against tax

tax refund

▪ Delta Air Lines says it is no longer processing airline excise tax refunds for people who bought tickets with a credit card.

▪ Imagine if only 13 percent of the adults who are owed tax refunds this year got them.

▪ The agency issues more than $ 130 billion in tax refunds each year.

▪ To get direct deposit of your tax refund, file Form 8888 with your return.

▪ You said when you get your income tax refund.

tax/fare dodger

▪ And he identified poll tax dodgers as part of the problem.

▪ And the trawl for tax dodgers also threw up other misdemeanours.

▪ On March 6 pay bonuses were announced for all soldiers and an amnesty was declared for deserters and draft dodgers.

▪ Read in studio Police have begun a campaign against car tax dodgers.

▪ The government, it seems, is counting heavily on getting money from tax dodgers.

EXAMPLES FROM OTHER ENTRIES

▪ Although the tax on cigarettes has doubled in the past two years, sales are still going up.

▪ Consumers are angry that the tax on petrol has gone up yet again.

▪ He failed to report and pay income tax on a portion of his income.

▪ He pleaded guilty to charges of fraud and tax evasion.

▪ I made over $600 a week, which was around $450 after tax.

▪ proposals for an increase in taxes to pay for medical care

▪ Sales tax in the state is 8%.

▪ The Chancellor said he would cut income tax by 2 pence in the pound.

▪ The city will have to raise taxes to pay for the roads.

▪ The Republicans promised to reduce taxes before the last election.

EXAMPLES FROM CORPUS

▪ Big business has further reduced its contributions by ingenious tax avoidance strategies.

▪ Clinton is already banking on the savings to make possible a $ 98 billion tax cut over five years.

▪ Employers' social security contributions were reduced by 4.3 percent from Jan. 1, 1993, and income tax allowances were reduced.

▪ He will advise you on the inheritance tax your estate might incur and ways in which this may be reduced.

▪ How could the federal government make up the revenue drain that would result to avoid raising other taxes or increasing the deficit?

▪ The package will also cut the securities trading tax to 0. 21 percent from 0. 30 percent.

▪ Weber said tax reform could have been a good issue for the Republicans this year.

II.verb

COLLOCATIONS FROM CORPUS

■ ADVERB

heavily

▪ Piedmont, the most economically advanced part of the state, was also the most heavily taxed.

▪ The Passport Office has been heavily taxed with a backlog of requests from the recent government closings.

only

▪ In other words, the Lords said, Parliament intended that teachers should be taxed only on the marginal cost.

▪ Money we spend on goods and services gets taxed only once, when we earn it.

▪ A S$200,000 taxable income, for example, is only taxed at 17.05%.

▪ It would be equally ridiculous to think of taxing only unemployed workers to finance the unemployment compensation payments which they receive.

▪ California had worked out agreements with states such as Oregon and Arizona for each to tax only its own residents.

■ NOUN

basis

▪ Orders for payment by the plaintiffs of costs to be taxed on the standard basis have already been made in this action.

▪ During the litigation orders were made for certain of the defendants' costs to be taxed on a standard basis.

benefit

▪ Dole voted to tax the benefits of only upper-income people.

car

▪ I just hope they don't tax company cars any more than they already have done.

▪ The Conservative government has made a half-hearted attempt to tax company cars - half-hearted because it fears upsetting natural Tory voters.

company

▪ The Isle of Man currently does not tax non-resident holding companies.

gain

▪ The gain may be taxed at the basic rate of income tax therefore or at the higher rate.

▪ Capital gains are not taxed in the year they occur but when they are realized.

government

▪ Now the Government wants to tax my pension.

▪ The federal government does not tax cities, states or counties.

▪ For the euro to work effectively, it requires strong co-ordination between interest rates and how governments tax and spend.

▪ A draft urged governments to tax up the price of tobacco to discourage its use.

▪ Páll tells me that no one catches puffin any more, not since the government tried to tax the hunt.

▪ Then came the Government, determined to tax it.

▪ Most governments tax the profits of multinationals where firms report them as earned.

▪ Now the Government plans to tax people like myself who are on invalid-ity pensions.

income

▪ Thus, the income could not be taxed upon the taxpayer, under this head.

▪ The first $ 5, 000 of income is taxed at 20 percent.

▪ The purchaser will not necessarily wish to be paid as if the income had been taxed.

▪ But the key difference, according to Buchanan and Gramm, is that investment income would not be taxed under Forbes.

▪ The income arising is taxed at 10%.

▪ Some Republicans and many Democrats have attacked the proposal as favoring the rich, because investment income would not be taxed.

▪ Each individual is granted allowances or exemptions that reduce the total amount of income liable to tax.

▪ A chief question is whether all types of income should be taxed.

money

▪ Many overseas jurisdictions do not tax expatriates on money held offshore, so the gains may therefore not be taxed at all.

▪ True to its nature, California is considered the first to tax athletes for the money they earned while in-state.

percent

▪ The first $ 5, 000 of income is taxed at 20 percent.

▪ That includes capital gains income from the sale of stocks and other investments, now taxed at 28 percent.

▪ Businesses are taxed at 35 percent.

power

▪ Handing over the power to tax and spend means handing over the power to govern.

▪ But the power to tax also is the lifeblood of powerful manipulators of the political system.

▪ Local authorities can not be independent of central government unless they have an adequate power to tax.

▪ It could also be argued that the power to tax should be assigned a value in a governmental balance sheet.

profit

▪ The election avoids the cessation and commencement bases applying in assessing profits to tax when a person leaves or joins a partnership.

▪ Corporate profits are taxed at the corporate rate, regardless of the individual income of the owners.

rate

▪ We don't want a party that believes the rich and poor should be taxed at the same rate.

▪ Corporate profits, however, are taxed at the cOrpOrate rate independently of the individual Owners' income.

▪ Amounts over this are taxed at a single rate of 40 percent.

▪ The gain may be taxed at the basic rate of income tax therefore or at the higher rate.

▪ Recall from Chapter 2 that salary payments above the wage base are taxed at a combined rate of 2. 9 percent.

▪ The benefits paid from the fund are taxed at the rate appropriate to the pensioner's circumstances.

state

▪ How far does the knowledge that the state will tax away high salaries deter people from entering high-earning and demanding jobs?

▪ The son could not see why the state should tax the schoolmaster to support the priest, but never vice versa.