What is "proxy"

Procuration \Proc`u*ra"tion\, n. [L. procuratio: cf. F. procuration. See Procure.]

1. The act of procuring; procurement.

2. The management of another's affairs.

3. The instrument by which a person is empowered to transact the affairs of another; a proxy.

4. (Ch. of Eng.) A sum of money paid formerly to the bishop or archdeacon, now to the ecclesiastical commissioners, by an incumbent, as a commutation for entertainment at the time of visitation; -- called also proxy.

   Procuration money (Law), money paid for procuring a loan.
   --Blackstone.

early 15c., proccy, prokecye, "agency of one who acts instead of another; letter of power of attorney," contraction of Anglo-French procuracie (c.1300), from Medieval Latin procuratia "administration," from Latin procuratio "a caring for, management," from procurare "manage" (see procure). Also compare proctor (n.). Meaning "person who acts in place of another" is from 1610s.

Etymology 1

1. Used as a proxy or acting as a proxy. n. 1 An agent or substitute authorized to act for another person. 2 The authority to act for another, especially when written. 3 The written appointment of a proctor in suits in the ecclesiastical courts. 4 (context sciences English) A measurement of one physical quantity that is used as an indicator of the value of another 5 (context software English) An interface for a service, especially for one that is remote, resource-intensive, or otherwise difficult to use directly. v

2. 1 To serve as a proxy for. 2 (context networking English) To function as a server for a client device, but pass on the requests to another server for service. Etymology 2

   n. (context gaming slang English) A proximity mine; a mine that explodes when something approaches within a certain distance.

1. n. a person authorized to act for another [syn: placeholder, procurator]

2. a power of attorney document given by shareholders of a corporation authorizing a specific vote on their behalf at a corporate meeting

A proxy is an agent or substitute authorized to act for another person or a document which authorizes the agent so to act, and may also be used in the following contexts:

• Proxy abuse (or vicarious abuse), abuse committed on behalf of somebody else
• Proxy bullying (or vicarious bullying), bullying committed on behalf of somebody else
• Proxy card, a substitute card used in trading card games when a player does not own the substituted card and also can occur when proxy cards are not tradeable
• Proxy fight, attempting to influence how company shareholders use their proxy votes
• Proxy marriage, common amongst European monarchs, where one party is not present in person to their marriage to the other
• Proxy murder, a murder committed on behalf of somebody else
• Proxy occupation, a military occupation by troops of country A, acting in the place of military troops of country B
• Proxy statement, information published related to a U.S. stockholders' meeting
• Proxy voting, a vote cast on behalf of an absent person
• Proxy war, a war where two powers use third parties as a substitute for fighting each other directly
• Health care proxy, a document used to specify an agent to make medical decisions for a patient in case they are incapacitated
• Torture by proxy, torturing someone on somebody else's behalf

In statistics, a proxy or proxy variable is a variable that is not in itself directly relevant, but that serves in place of an unobservable or immeasurable variable. In order for a variable to be a good proxy, it must have a close correlation, not necessarily linear, with the variable of interest. This correlation might be either positive or negative.

Proxy is a 2013 American horror film directed by Zack Parker. The movie had its world premiere on September 10, 2013 at the Toronto International Film Festival. It stars Alexia Rasmussen as a pregnant young woman who joins a support group after she miscarries due to a vicious attack. The filmmakers describe Proxy as a spiritual successor to the horror film Rosemary's Baby, and its main character Esther Woodhouse is named after the earlier film's protagonist Rosemary Woodhouse.

Film rights to Proxy were picked up by IFC Midnight shortly after its premiere at the Toronto International Film Festival.

In the study of past climates (" paleoclimatology"), climate proxies are preserved physical characteristics of the past that stand in for direct meteorological measurements and enable scientists to reconstruct the climatic conditions over a longer fraction of the Earth's history. Reliable global records of climate only began in the 1880s, and proxies provide the only means for scientists to determine climatic patterns before record-keeping began.

Examples of proxies include ice cores, tree rings, sub-fossil pollen, boreholes, corals, lake and ocean sediments, and carbonate speleothems. The character of deposition or rate of growth of the proxies' material has been influenced by the climatic conditions of the time in which they were laid down or grew. Chemical traces produced by climatic changes, such as quantities of particular isotopes, can be recovered from proxies. Some proxies, such as gas bubbles trapped in ice, enable traces of the ancient atmosphere to be recovered and measured directly to provide a history of fluctuations in the composition of the Earth's atmosphere. To produce the most precise results, systematic cross-verification between proxy indicators is necessary for accuracy in readings and record-keeping.

Proxies can be combined to produce temperature reconstructions longer than the instrumental temperature record and can inform discussions of global warming. The distribution of proxy records, just like the instrumental record, is not at all uniform, with more records in the northern hemisphere.

"Proxy" is a song by Dutch DJ and record producer Martin Garrix. It was released as a free download on 6 March 2014 and on 2 July 2014 on iTunes. The song has charted in the Netherlands.

Proxy is a 2013 sci-fi, dystopian young adult novel by Alex London. The novel, which was released on June 18, 2013, features a gay adolescent as its action-hero protagonist. A sequel to the novel has been released in 2014, Guardian. The novel utilizes a third-person, subjective narration structure that alternates between Knox Brindle and Sydney Carton.

London states that he drew inspiration for Proxy from the 1987 book The Whipping Boy, "where the rich pay for the poor to take their punishments."