Crossword clues for priming
The Collaborative International Dictionary
Prime \Prime\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Primed; p. pr. & vb. n. Priming.] [From Prime, a.]
To apply priming to, as a musket or a cannon; to apply a primer to, as a metallic cartridge.
To lay the first color, coating, or preparation upon (a surface), as in painting; as, to prime a canvas, a wall.
To prepare; to make ready; to instruct beforehand; to post; to coach; as, to prime a witness; the boys are primed for mischief. [Colloq.]
--Thackeray.To trim or prune, as trees. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]
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(Math.) To mark with a prime mark.
To prime a pump, to charge a pump with water, in order to put it in working condition.
Priming \Prim"ing\, n.
The powder or other combustible used to communicate fire to a charge of gunpowder, as in a firearm.
(Paint.) The first coating of color, size, or the like, laid on canvas, or on a building, or other surface.
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(Steam Eng.) The carrying over of water, with the steam, from the boiler, as into the cylinder.
Priming of the tide. See Lag of the tide, under 2d Lag.
Priming tube, a small pipe, filled with a combustible composition for firing cannon.
Priming valve (Steam Eng.), a spring safety valve applied to the cylinder of a steam engine for discharging water carried into the cylinder by priming.
Priming wire, a pointed wire used to penetrate the vent of a piece, for piercing the cartridge before priming.
Douglas Harper's Etymology Dictionary
"first coat of paint," c.1600, verbal noun from prime (v.). Meaning "gunpowder in the pan of a firearm" is from 1590s.
Wiktionary
n. 1 (context psychology English) The implicit memory effect in which exposure to a stimulus influences response to a subsequent stimulus. 2 A substance used as a primer. 3 The powder or other combustible used to communicate fire to a charge of gunpowder, as in a firearm. 4 The first coating of colour, size, etc. laid on canvas, or on a building or other surface. 5 The carrying over of water, with the steam, from the boiler, as into the cylinder. vb. (present participle of prime English)
WordNet
Wikipedia
Priming may refer to:
- Priming (agriculture), a form of seed planting preparation, in which seeds are soaked before planting
- Priming (immunology), a process occurring when a specific antigen is presented to naive lymphocytes causing them to differentiate either into armed effector cells or into memory cells
- Priming (media), a cognitive process in which media information increases temporarily the accessibility of knowledge units in the memory of an individual
- Priming (microbiology), the effect that nutrients have on the rate of organic matter decomposition.
- Priming (psychology), a process in which the processing of a target stimulus is aided or altered by the presentation of a previously presented stimulus
- Priming (science), a process of cleaning and preparing equipment before experimentation
- Priming (steam locomotive), a harmful condition in which water is carried over from the boiler of a steam locomotive
- Priming (structural) in psycholinguistics, a form of positive priming that induces a tendency to repeat or more easily process a sentence that is similar in structure to one previously presented
- Priming beta-ketosynthase in chemistry, a domain of polyketide synthases with a thiol group on a cysteine side-chain
- The process by which a pump is filled with fluid and made able to operate
- Priming the pump or economic stimulus, attempts to use monetary or fiscal policy to stimulate the economy
- Priming sugar or glucose, a simple monosaccharide found in plants
The priming theory states that media images stimulate related thoughts in the minds of audience members. For example, if a person were to see a cartoon character play a trick that inflicts pain or injury on another character, without permanent consequences, it could make that person more likely to repeat the violent action in real life.
Grounded in cognitive psychology, the theory of media priming is derived from the associative network model of human memory, in which an idea or concept is stored as a node in the network and is related to other ideas or concepts by semantic paths. Priming refers to the activation of a node in this network, which may serve as a filter, an interpretive frame, or a premise for further information processing or judgment formation.
Priming (foaming in North America) is a condition in the boiler of a steam locomotive in which water is carried over into the steam delivery. It may be caused by impurities in the water, which foams up as it boils, or simply too high a water level. It is harmful to the valves and pistons, as lubrication is washed away, and can be dangerous as any water collecting in the cylinders is not compressible and if trapped may fracture the cylinder head or piston.
Priming in botany and agriculture is a form of seed planting preparation in which the seeds are pre-soaked before planting.
Priming is not an extremely widely used method. In general, most kinds of seeds experimented with so far have shown an overall advantage over seeds that are not primed. Many have shown a faster emergence time (the time it takes for seeds to rise above the surface of the soil), a higher emergence rate (the number of seeds that make it to the surface), and better growth, suggesting that the head-start helps them get a good root system down early and grow faster. This method can be useful to farmers because it saves them the money and time spent for fertilizers, re-seeding, and weak plants.
Priming is a cleaning and preparation process that involves cleaning scientific equipment with the same liquid chemical it will come into contact with during the experiment. During scientific experiments that require high levels of accuracy and involve liquid chemicals, the equipment that will come into contact with the liquid chemicals is primed. The process is used to minimize contamination and therefore obtain results that are more accurate.
When cleaning equipment it is near impossible to remove all the loose molecules. It is almost certain that traces of the chemical used to clean the equipment will remain on its surfaces, forming a microscopically thin layer.
The advantages to priming are best demonstrated with an example. Say a known quantity of concentrated hydrofluoric acid was needed for an experiment, and this quantity was measured out in a measuring cylinder cleaned with water. Concentrated hydrofluoric acid reacts violently with water; the products would then contaminate the experiment. This reaction is very exothermic, and would warm the quantity, perhaps creating other problems, for example, if the experiment had been carried out under standard conditions. Priming the equipment, in this case using concentrated hydrofluoric acid, would minimize such problems.
This process is also used in engineering and mechanics to avoid contamination, particularly in hydraulic systems, for example, braking systems in cars.
Category:Cleaning Category:Manufacturing
Priming or a "Priming Effect" is said to occur when something that is added to soil or compost affects the rate of decomposition occurring on the soil organic matter (SOM), either positively or negatively. Organic matter is made up mostly of carbon and nitrogen, so adding a substrate containing certain ratios of these nutrients to soil may affect the microbes that are mineralizing SOM. Fertilizers, plant litter, detritus, and carbohydrate exhudates from living roots, can potentially positively or negatively prime SOM decomposition.
Priming is an implicit memory effect in which exposure to one stimulus (i.e., perceptual pattern) influences the response to another stimulus. The seminal experiments of Meyer and Schvaneveldt in the early 1970s led to the flowering of research on priming of many sorts. Their original work showed that people were faster in deciding that a string of letters is a word when the word followed an associatively or semantically related word. For example, NURSE is recognized more quickly following DOCTOR than following BREAD. Various experiments supported the theory that activation spreading among related ideas was the best explanation for the facilitation observed in the lexical decision task. The priming paradigm provides excellent control over the effects of individual stimuli on cognitive processing and associated behavior because the same target stimuli can be presented with different primes. Thus differences in performance as a function of differences in priming stimuli must be attributed to the effect of the prime on the processing of the target stimulus.
Priming can occur following perceptual, semantic, or conceptual stimulus repetition. For example, if a person reads a list of words including the word table, and is later asked to complete a word starting with tab, the probability that he or she will answer table is greater than if they are not primed. Another example is if people see an incomplete sketch they are unable to identify and they are shown more of the sketch until they recognize the picture, later they will identify the sketch at an earlier stage than was possible for them the first time.
The effects of priming can be very salient and long lasting, even more so than simple recognition memory. Unconscious priming effects can affect word choice on a word-stem completion test long after the words have been consciously forgotten.
Priming works best when the two stimuli are in the same modality. For example, visual priming works best with visual cues and verbal priming works best with verbal cues. But priming also occurs between modalities,Several researchers, for example, have used cross-modal priming to investigate syntactic deficits in individuals with damage to Broca's area of the brain. See the following:
- Swinney, D., E. Zurif, P. Prather, and T. Love (1993). "The neurological distribution of processing operations underlying language comprehension." Manuscript, Department of Psychology, University of California, San Diego.
- For an overview, see also Zurif, E.B. (1995), "Brain Regions of Relevance to Syntactic Processing." in Knowledge of Meaning: An Introduction to Semantic Theory, eds. Richard Larson and Gabriel Segal. MIT Press. or between semantically related words such as "doctor" and "nurse".
Usage examples of "priming".
Getting this group to talk freely about their bras was going to require serious priming of the pump.
Then a small amount of the priming compoundthis could be fulminate of mercury or any other impact sensitive materialis painted in the cap.
He reprimed the pistols in the holsters, got a second pair from a saddlebag, renewed the priming, and slipped one down the top of each jackboot.
I smelt the acrid reek of wet cement, unseasoned wood and white-lead priming paint, and groped up a little steep staircase, coming out in a cell of bare unplastered brick with a metal window-frame stuck in the middle of it.
Yet already the lashings had been cast off the carronades, gun captains had collected their locks and trigger lines and were fitting them, with horns of priming powder slung around their necks, and the sponges, rammers and wormers were beside each gun.
This fitted on to a small projection at the side of the pistolthe spindle of the serrated wheel which the main spring would spin against the flint gripped in the doghead and, as the pancover slid back, shower sparks into the pan to set off the priming powder and send a spurt of flame down the touchhole into the breech.
He held his pistol canted so that the priming powder covered the touchhole and slid his thumb on to the doghead, ready to cock the piece.
This fitted on to a small projection at the side of the pistol the spindle of the serrated wheel which the main spring would spin against the flint gripped in the doghead and, as the pancover slid back, shower sparks into the pan to set off the priming powder and send a spurt of flame down the touchhole into the breech.
Ugo had taken his new weapons from out their fitted, fruitwood case to disassemble and reassemble them himself, before finally loading and priming them, then replacing them in their case and locking the case in one of his chests.
Later, in the inn room where he resided, Ugo had taken his new weapons from out their fitted, fruitwood case to disassemble and reassemble them himself, before finally loading and priming them, then replacing them in their case and locking the case in one of his chests.
With this speech, which I thought very sensible, though I did not tell him so, he took one of my pistols and saw to the priming, smiling at me significantly.
Tom Bakewell also received his priming, and, to judge by his chuckles and grins, rather appeared to enjoy the work cut out for him.
Certainly for the benefit and intimidation of the guards on walls and gate, many of the waiting men were carefully examining weapon edges and primings of pistols or long guns.
After meticulously checking their priming, some tightening the springs of wheel-locks, others blowing on and tapping ash from slowmatches before clamping them into the arms, the firing began.
Mike Sikeena had adroitly and silently clubbed down the two sentries on the foredeck and the quarterdeck, both he and Arsen guided their opened carriers along the rank of iron guns positioned in the waist of the ship, unplugging touchholes, filling these holes with fine priming powder from flasks they carried, then going on to the next gun, not stopping until all of the larboard deck guns had been primed to fire.