What is "matrix"

matrix \ma"trix\ (m[=a]"tr[i^]ks), n.; pl. Matrices (m[a^]t"r[i^]*s[=e]z). [L., fr. mater mother. See Mother, and cf. Matrice.]

1. (Anat.) The womb.

   All that openeth the matrix is mine.
   --Ex. xxxiv. 19.

2. Hence: That which gives form or origin to anything; as:

   1. (Mech.) The cavity in which anything is formed, and which gives it shape; a die; a mold, as for the face of a type.

   2. (Min.) The earthy or stony substance in which metallic ores or crystallized minerals are found; the gangue.

   3. pl. (Dyeing) The five simple colors, black, white, blue, red, and yellow, of which all the rest are composed.

3. (Biol.) The lifeless portion of tissue, either animal or vegetable, situated between the cells; the intercellular substance.

4. (Math.) A rectangular arrangement of symbols in rows and columns. The symbols may express quantities or operations.

late 14c., "uterus, womb," from Old French matrice "womb, uterus," from Latin matrix (genitive matricis) "pregnant animal," in Late Latin "womb," also "source, origin," from mater (genitive matris) "mother" (see mother (n.1)). Sense of "place or medium where something is developed" is first recorded 1550s; sense of "embedding or enclosing mass" first recorded 1640s. Logical sense of "array of possible combinations of truth-values" is attested from 1914. As a verb from 1951.

n. 1 (context now rare English) The womb. 2 (context biology English) The material or tissue in which more specialized structures are embedded. 3 (context biology English) An extracellular matrix, the material or tissue between the cells of animals or plants. 4 (context biology English) Part of the mitochondrion. 5 (context biology English) The medium in which bacterium are cultured. 6 (context mathematics English) A rectangular arrangement of numbers or terms having various uses such as transforming coordinates in geometry, solving systems of linear equations in linear algebra and representing graphs in graph theory. 7 (context computing English) A two-dimensional array. 8 A table of dat

1. 9 (context geology English) A geological matrix, the outer material of a rock consisting of larger grains embedded in a material consisting of smaller ones. 10 (context archaeology and paleontology English) The sediment surrounding and including the artifacts, features, and other materials at a site. 11 (context analytical chemistry English) The environment from which a given sample is taken.

1. n. a rectangular array of elements (or entries) set out by rows and columns

2. an enclosure within which something originates or develops (from the Latin for womb)

3. the body substance in which tissue cells are embedded [syn: intercellular substance, ground substance]

4. the formative tissue at the base of a nail

5. mold used in the production of phonograph records, type, or other relief surface

6. [also: matrices (pl)]

The matrix or groundmass of rock is the finer grained mass of material wherein larger grains, crystals or clasts are embedded.

The matrix of an igneous rock consists of finer grained, often microscopic, crystals in which larger crystals ( phenocrysts) are embedded. This porphyritic texture is indicative of multi-stage cooling of magma. For example, porphyritic andesite will have large phenocrysts of plagioclase in a fine-grained matrix. Also in South Africa, diamonds are often mined from a matrix of weathered clay-like rock ( kimberlite) called "yellow ground".

The matrix of sedimentary rocks is finer grained sedimentary material, such as clay or silt, in which larger grains or clasts are embedded. It also used to describe the rock material in which a fossil is embedded.

In biology, matrix (plural: matrices) is the material (or tissue) in animal or plant cells, in which more specialized structures are embedded, and a specific part of the mitochondrion that is the site of oxidation of organic molecules. The internal structure of connective tissues is an extracellular matrix. Finger nails and toenails grow from matrices. It is found in various connective tissue. It is generally used as a jelly like structure instead of cytoplasm in connective tissue.

In music, especially folk and popular music, a matrix is an element of variations which does not change. The term was derived from use in musical writings and from Arthur Koestler's The Act of Creation, who defines creativity as the bisociation of two sets of ideas or matrices. Musical matrices may be combined in any number, usually more than two, and may be — and must be for analysis — broken down into smaller ones. They may be intended by the composer and perceived by the listener, or they may not, and they may be purposefully ambiguous.

The simplest examples given by van der Merwe are fixed notes, definite intervals, and regular beats, while the most complex given are the Baroque fugue, Classical tonality, and Romantic chromaticism. The following examples are some matrices which are part of " Pop Goes the Weasel":

• major mode
• 6/8 time
• four-bar phrasing
• regular beat
• rhyming tune structure
• ending both halves of the tune with the same figure
• melodic climax
• perfect cadence
• three primary triads implied

Co-ordinated matrices may possess "bound-upness" or "at-oddness", depending on the degree to which they are connected to each other or go their separate ways, respectively, and are more or less easy to reconcile. The matrices of the larger matrix known as sonata rondo form are more bound up than the matrices of rondo form, while African and Indian music feature more rhythmic at-oddness than European music's coinciding beats, and European harmony features more at-oddness (between the melody and bass) than the preceding organum. At-oddness is a matter of degree, and almost all at odd matrices are partially bound up.

The Matrix, in the long-running British science fiction television series Doctor Who, is a massive computer system on the planet Gallifrey that acts as the repository of the combined knowledge of the Time Lords.

Jamie Quinn, better known by his stage name Matrix, is a London-based drum and bass producer, DJ, and founder of record label Metro Recordings.

Matrix is a BBC Books original novel written by Mike Tucker and Robert Perry and based on the long-running British science fiction television series Doctor Who.

In hot metal typesetting, a matrix is a mold for casting a letter, known as a sort, used in letterpress printing. However, in printmaking the matrix is whatever is used, with ink, to hold the image that makes up the print, whether a plate in etching and engraving or a woodblock in woodcut.

In letterpress typography the matrix of one letter is inserted into the bottom of a hand mould, the mould is locked and molten type metal is poured into a straight-sided vertical cavity above the matrix. When the metal has cooled and solidified the mould is unlocked and the newly cast metal sort is removed, ready for composition with other sorts. The matrix can then be reused to produce more copies of the sort. The matrix will be made by driving a punch of the type to be made into soft copper, or electrotyping a matrix from a piece of type.

In continuous casting and composition casting typography, the matrix or mats for a complete font are loaded into a matrix-case and inserted into a casting machine, which casts the required sorts for a page composition automatically.

In numismatics, a matrix is an intermediate mould used in the process of manufacturing coins.

A matrix has its design in the same sense as a die. The design is engraved convex into the matrix, which is used to create punches. The matrix step was developed in the 17th century for two main reasons. The original design in the matrix could be better preserved, as a single matrix could be used to make several punches. Second, it made easier the addition of secondary details such as the legend, otherwise a difficult task.

In a similar sense, a matrix is the term for a mould or die used for making a wax, metal or clay seal intended for purposes of authentication.

Category:Numismatic terminology Category:Seals (insignia) Category:Currency production

Matrix is a jazz fusion group from Appleton, Wisconsin, that started in 1974, noted for tight brass ensemble lines and complex musical themes inspired by literary works, the American Indian, and other significant programmatic themes. Matrix made its biggest impact on the music scene in the 1970s, including appearances at the Monterey Jazz Festival in 1976 and 1977 and the Newport Jazz Festival in 1977.

The group re-formed in 1992, 2000, 2002, and 2009.

Album titles include Matrix IX (also the original name of the band), Wizard, Tale of the Whale, Harvest and Proud Flesh.

Matrix is the title of a Canadian-produced fantasy/adventure series that ran for 13 episodes during 1993 on the USA Network in the United States. The series later enjoyed a brief revival of interest due to a coincidence involving one of its stars.

Matrix are a Hungarian Bandy club that compete in the most Hungarian tournaments. Matrix competed in the 2005/2006 Hungarian cup where they only managed to finish in fifth place out of six. Matrix have had players who have represented the Hungarian national bandy team, including Péter Bokor who played at the Bandy World Championship 2007

Bandy cup on Budapest rangers club website.

Category:Bandy clubs in Hungary

Matrix is a club in Berlin which opened in 1996. Located at Warschauer Platz 18 in ten basement vaults of the Warschauer Straße railway station, the discothèque houses up to nine bars and five dance floors. The venue has an overall size of 2,100 square meters, and is one of the biggest clubs in Berlin.

Between 1996 and 2002 many international known discjockeys like Marusha, Chris Isaac, Westbam, Underground Resistance, Josh Wink, Lords of the Underground, Lady B, Sven Väth, Paul van Dyk and other exponents of electronic music performed in the Matrix.

Since 2003 the programming is enlarged. Artists who have performed in recent years are Sabrina Setlur, Ne-Yo, Georges Morel, Vibe Kingz, DJ Size and others.

About three years the club had an own truck at the Berlin Love Parade. The venue is also used for showcases and filmsets.

Matrix was an Italian news program and talks show television, broadcast on Canale 5, from 2005 and 2012, and rerun on Mediaset Plus: it was a rival program of RAI flagship news program Porta a Porta.

Category:Mediaset Category:Italian talk shows Category:Current affairs shows Category:2005 Italian television series debuts Category:2000s Italian television series Category:2010s Italian television series Category:2012 Italian television series endings

Matrix is the fourth extended plays by the South Korean male hip hop group B.A.P. It was released on November 16, 2015 under the label of TS Entertainment. It features the single "Young, Wild & Free".

In chemical analysis, matrix refers to the components of a sample other than the analyte of interest. The matrix can have a considerable effect on the way the analysis is conducted and the quality of the results obtained; such effects are called matrix effects. For example, the ionic strength of the solution can have an effect on the activity coefficients of the analytes. The most common approach for accounting for matrix effects is to build a calibration curve using standard samples with known analyte concentration and which try to approximate the matrix of the sample as much as possible. This is especially important for solid samples where there is a strong matrix influence. In cases with complex or unknown matrices, the standard addition method can be used. In this technique, the response of the sample is measured and recorded, for example, using an electrode selective for the analyte. Then, a small volume of standard solution is added and the response is measured again. Ideally, the standard addition should increase the analyte concentration by a factor of 1.5 to 3, and several additions should be averaged. The volume of standard solution should be small enough to disturb the matrix as little as possible.

In mathematics, a matrix (plural matrices) is a rectangular array of numbers, symbols, or expressions, arranged in rows and columns. For example, the dimensions of matrix are 2 × 3 (read "two by three"), because there are two rows and three columns.

The individual items in a matrix are called its elements or entries. Provided that they are the same size (have the same number of rows and the same number of columns), two matrices can be added or subtracted element by element. The rule for matrix multiplication, however, is that two matrices can be multiplied only when the number of columns in the first equals the number of rows in the second. Any matrix can be multiplied element-wise by a scalar from its associated field. A major application of matrices is to represent linear transformations, that is, generalizations of linear functions such as . For example, the rotation of vectors in three dimensional space is a linear transformation which can be represented by a rotation matrix R: if v is a column vector (a matrix with only one column) describing the position of a point in space, the product Rv is a column vector describing the position of that point after a rotation. The product of two transformation matrices is a matrix that represents the composition of two linear transformations. Another application of matrices is in the solution of systems of linear equations. If the matrix is square, it is possible to deduce some of its properties by computing its determinant. For example, a square matrix has an inverse if and only if its determinant is not zero. Insight into the geometry of a linear transformation is obtainable (along with other information) from the matrix's eigenvalues and eigenvectors.

Applications of matrices are found in most scientific fields. In every branch of physics, including classical mechanics, optics, electromagnetism, quantum mechanics, and quantum electrodynamics, they are used to study physical phenomena, such as the motion of rigid bodies. In computer graphics, they are used to project a 3D model onto a 2 dimensional screen. In probability theory and statistics, stochastic matrices are used to describe sets of probabilities; for instance, they are used within the PageRank algorithm that ranks the pages in a Google search. Matrix calculus generalizes classical analytical notions such as derivatives and exponentials to higher dimensions.

A major branch of numerical analysis is devoted to the development of efficient algorithms for matrix computations, a subject that is centuries old and is today an expanding area of research. Matrix decomposition methods simplify computations, both theoretically and practically. Algorithms that are tailored to particular matrix structures, such as sparse matrices and near-diagonal matrices, expedite computations in finite element method and other computations. Infinite matrices occur in planetary theory and in atomic theory. A simple example of an infinite matrix is the matrix representing the derivative operator, which acts on the Taylor series of a function.

Matrix is an open protocol for real-time communication. It is designed to allow users with accounts at one communications service provider to communicate with users of a different service provider via online chat, Voice over IP, and Videotelephony. That is, it aims to make real-time communication work seamlessly between different service providers, just like standard Simple Mail Transfer Protocol email does now for store-and-forward email service.

From a technical perspective, it is an application layer communications protocol for federated real-time communication. It provides HTTP APIs and open source reference implementations for securely distributing and persisting messages in JSON format over an open federation of servers. It can integrate with standard web services via WebRTC, facilitating browser-to-browser applications.

Other attempts at defining an open instant messaging or multimedia signalling protocol of this type and getting it widely adopted (e.g. XMPP and IRCv3) have highlighted the challenges involved, both technological and political. It is unclear if there is enough demand among users for services which interoperate among providers.