Crossword clues for glycogen
The Collaborative International Dictionary
Glycogen \Gly"co*gen\, n. [Gr. ? sweet + -gen: cf. F. glycog[`e]ne.] (Physiol. Chem.) A white, amorphous, tasteless substance resembling starch, soluble in water to an opalescent fluid. It is found abundantly in the liver of most animals, and in small quantity in other organs and tissues, particularly in the embryo. It is quickly changed into sugar when boiled with dilute sulphuric or hydrochloric acid, and also by the action of amylolytic ferments.
Douglas Harper's Etymology Dictionary
starch-like substance found in the liver and animal tissue, 1860, from French glycogène, "sugar-producer," from Greek glykys "sweet" (see glucose) + French -gène (see -gen). Coined in 1848 by French physiologist Claude Bernard (1813-1878).
Wiktionary
n. (context carbohydrate English) A polysaccharide that is the main form of carbohydrate storage in animals; converted to glucose as needed.
WordNet
n. one form in which body fuel is stored; stored primarily in the liver and broken down into glucose when needed by the body [syn: animal starch]
Wikipedia
Glycogen is a multibranched polysaccharide of glucose that serves as a form of energy storage in animals and fungi. The polysaccharide structure represents the main storage form of glucose in the body.
In humans, glycogen is made and stored primarily in the cells of the liver and the muscles hydrated with three or four parts of water. Glycogen functions as the secondary long-term energy storage, with the primary energy stores being fats held in adipose tissue. Muscle glycogen is converted into glucose by muscle cells, and liver glycogen converts to glucose for use throughout the body including the central nervous system.
Glycogen is the analogue of starch, a glucose polymer that functions as energy storage in plants. It has a structure similar to amylopectin (a component of starch), but is more extensively branched and compact than starch. Both are white powders in their dry state. Glycogen is found in the form of granules in the cytosol/cytoplasm in many cell types, and plays an important role in the glucose cycle. Glycogen forms an energy reserve that can be quickly mobilized to meet a sudden need for glucose, but one that is less compact than the energy reserves of triglycerides (lipids).
In the liver, glycogen can comprise from 5 to 6% of its fresh weight (100–120 g in an adult). Only the glycogen stored in the liver can be made accessible to other organs. In the muscles, glycogen is found in a low concentration (1-2% of the muscle mass). The amount of glycogen stored in the body—especially within the muscles, liver, and red blood cells—mostly depends on physical training, basal metabolic rate, and eating habits. Small amounts of glycogen are found in the kidneys, and even smaller amounts in certain glial cells in the brain and white blood cells. The uterus also stores glycogen during pregnancy to nourish the embryo.
Usage examples of "glycogen".
Carbs not used immediately by the body are stored as glycogen in the liver and muscles.
The liver sends the stored glycogen back to the bloodstream to supply energy to the brain as needed.
Chemically, evolution in an energy-demanding environment had given them the equivalent of a very large human glycogen reservoir for their size, but even that had its limits.
It is certain, though, that glycogen, a carbohydrate, is necessary for the restoration of activity to a fatigued muscle.
I did was affect a chemical substitute for glycogen, combined with a method of creating a static condition in the tissue which is unsympathetic to the formation of toxic lactic, the accumulation of which is fatigue.
The preventing is done by introducing into your muscular tissue a substitute for glycogen, a carbohydrate which affects the restoration of activity to fatigued muscles, and also producing a static status of tissue which is unsympathetic to the formation of any fatigue toxic.
The previous owner must have been fat as a hippo and probably diabetic: her glycogen index was absurd and her phosphines were wild.
The glucose is not used up, however, because the liver is perfectly capable of breaking down its stored glycogen to glucose and delivering that into the bloodstream at a rate just calculated to replace the amount being abstracted by cells.
When the glucose supply is temporarily smaller than needed, as during fasting intervals, glycogen is broken down to glucose.
The new hormone was found to bring about an acceleration of the breakdown of the glycogen stored in the liver.
The glycogen was broken down to glucose, which poured into the bloodstream.
As far as its effect on carbohydrate metabolism is concerned, epinephrine resembles glucagon in hastening the breakdown of glycogen to glucose so that the blood level of glucose rises.
Just as glucagon mobilizes the glycogen reservoir in the liver, bringing about its breakdown to glucose, which pours into the blood, so the parathyroid hormone mobilizes the calcium stores in bone, bringing about its breakdown to calcium ions in solution, which pours into the blood.
One effect of this hormone is to promote the storage of glycogen in the liver.
DOC is not particularly concerned with glycogen storage, but instead with the maintenance of the proper balance of water and of mineral ions.