noun
COLLOCATIONS FROM OTHER ENTRIES
attention/concentration span
▪ Most two-year-olds have a very short attention span.
concentration camp
disturb sb's concentration
▪ I couldn't work with the kids around disturbing my concentration.
lapse of concentration
▪ A single lapse of concentration cost Sampras the game.
powers of concentration
▪ As you get older, your powers of concentration may decrease.
COLLOCATIONS FROM CORPUS
■ ADJECTIVE
final
▪ Non-specifically bound polymerase was removed by the addition of heparin to a final concentration of 400 µg/ml.
great
▪ In many ways the most powerful impetus to greater concentrations came from the state.
▪ The greater the glucose concentration in the plasma, the greater the number of hemoglobin molecules that will become glycosylated.
▪ Losses in speed and agility are compensated by greater experience, concentration and motivation.
▪ The reason for the greater total lipid concentration in cholesterol gall stone patients is not clear at present.
▪ This Massiliot sphere of influence happens to correspond to those areas where the greatest concentration of Black Virgins is to be found.
▪ It takes great concentration on their part, and for weeks ahead their Teacher Phyl Bailey carefully guides them through rehearsals.
▪ I had to use great concentration and all of the strength that I had to reach up and scratch my nose.
high
▪ These agents are toxic when given systemically, and so producing them at high concentration within the tumour is an attractive goal.
▪ But the atmospheres of the Jovian planets contain astronomical amounts, and high concentrations, of both helium-3 and deuterium.
▪ Would firms move into areas with high radon concentrations?
▪ Higher-educated immigrants were less likely to resettle in states with high immigrant concentrations, the study found.
▪ There is evidence that ascorbic acid is secreted in high concentrations into the normal stomach.
▪ There was concern that such a high concentration would be too difficult to digest or lead to side effects.
▪ However, higher concentrations were shown to produce haemolysis.
▪ Use long-life electric bulbs in places that do not require a high concentration of light, such as hallways and closets.
increased
▪ A dimension of increased decision-making concentration which has attracted particular notice concerns the effects on regional diversity and development.
▪ The significantly lower plasminogen activator activity of malignant ascites is associated with greatly increased concentrations of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1.
▪ Nevertheless, we propose that the increased concentration of bile acids and increased daily excretion may predispose to the development of polyps.
▪ The increased concentration and urokinase in malignant tissues may partly explain the finding of increased concentrations of urokinase in malignant ascites.
▪ Any increased concentration among defence suppliers will depend crucially on the attitudes of individual governments.
▪ The workforce in distribution began to decline with increased concentration in retailing, rationalisation and the development of larger stores.
▪ The role of the increased serum gastrin concentration induced by H pylori in the pathogenesis of duodenal ulcer disease is also unknown.
large
▪ Surrounded on three sides by railway, it is not suitable for housing because of the large concentration of industry around that area.
▪ Gee, sorry, seems about all we have left is miles from the largest concentrations of buyers.
▪ Neuropeptide Y has also been isolated from the gastrointestinal tract with large concentrations found in the biliary tree.
▪ And five are in Phoenix, the largest concentration anywhere.
▪ The largest concentration of departments is found in the George Square/Old College area.
▪ Absentee landlords and large concentrations of landholdings were virtually eliminated.
▪ East London was especially fortunate due to proximity to the largest concentration of wealth in the country, the remainder of London.
▪ The region also has one of the largest concentrations of wildlife in the world.
low
▪ It can be seen that human sweat is actually hypotonic ie it contains a lower salt concentration than the plasma.
▪ In the rat cerebral cortex in the absence of calmodulin, calcium has a negligible effect at low concentrations.
▪ Rinse additives tend to be very expensive but are used in very low concentrations and are invariably mechanically dosed.
▪ An upward shift would be produced by changing to a new standard at a lower concentration than that required for the test.
▪ We also found lower concentrations in smokers although this did not reach significance.
▪ It is First Alert that has targeted low concentrations and caused most of the nuisance alarms, he said.
▪ HYPOKALEMlA A low plasma potassium concentration is not always accompanied by a deficit in total body potassium.
mean
▪ Simultaneously, sedimentation occurred at the base, as in previous experiments, so the mean concentration decreased with time.
▪ The mean total cholesterol concentration among women with polyps was significantly higher than that of control subjects.
▪ We chose linear regression for describing the overall changes in mean sperm concentrations, but other statistical models have also been tested.
▪ There were no significant differences in the mean albumin concentrations between the first and second visits and the first and third visits.
total
▪ In this study, a significantly greater total lipid concentration was found in the hepatic bile of cholesterol gall stone patients.
▪ From the latter part of 1927 through the first half of 1928, I lived in a cocoon of total concentration.
▪ The reason for the greater total lipid concentration in cholesterol gall stone patients is not clear at present.
▪ There is a deep total and gentle concentration on what is going on in the body and in the breathing.
▪ To meet these standards the worker needs total concentration and freedom from time pressure.
▪ Everything I do in future I will tackle with total concentration and self-assurance, and I will do it well.
▪ T m measurements were made using total single strand concentrations of 18 and 8µM for duplexes 1 and 4 respectively.
▪ So, supposing I tried, the task would demand total concentration.
■ NOUN
acid
▪ This was coupled with an increased faecal bile acid concentration and proportion of secondary faecal bile acids.
▪ Supplementary dietary phosphate decreased the fatty acid concentration only on the low calcium diet.
▪ The bile acid concentration in faecal water also decreased with increasing dietary calcium, and this was not influenced by dietary phosphate.
▪ An extensive nutritional screen was performed, including measurements of blood mineral, vitamin, and fatty acid concentrations.
▪ Total bile acid concentration was calculated as the sum of all gas liquid chromatography detected individual bile acids.
▪ A reduced short chain fatty acid concentration has also been reported in pouch contents from patients with pouchitis compared with those without.
▪ In contrast to fatty acids, the total bile acid concentration was hardly influenced by the different diets.
▪ The oleic acid concentrations used are in the range encountered in patients with steatorrhea.
camp
▪ Anybody who was in a concentration camp as a guard could use that argument.
▪ There were the political prisoners, sent to concentration camps, who continued to help the Allies.
▪ He can defend us, can separate us from the past, from the concentration camps and lost wars.
▪ When he spoke of liberating the concentration camps, he assigned himself a place among the liberators.
▪ One character is in the Resistance, another witnesses Hiroshima, another goes to a concentration camp, others stay at home.
▪ At least seven died in concentration camps, Williams says.
▪ And we kept another hundred and twenty thousand between 1945 and 1954 in Hitler's old concentration camps.
▪ I felt like a guard in a concentration camp.
gastrin
▪ Serum gastrin concentrations did not correlate well with changes in the endocrine cell density.
▪ Helicobacter pylori increases plasma gastrin concentrations by 50% to 100% and values fall to normal after the organism has been eradicated.
▪ Hence, many of these patients may actually have supramaximal gastrin concentrations.
▪ They found that patients with the highest serum gastrin concentrations did not necessarily have the highest enterochromaffin like cell counts.
▪ Similarly, basal serum gastrin concentrations do not alter with ageing in healthy men.
▪ The finding of enhanced fasting gastrin concentrations in H pylori positive subjects and in duodenal ulcer disease can not easily be explained.
▪ The plasma gastrin concentrations increased from group to group as expected from the dose given.
▪ At this time the basal and meal stimulated gastrin concentrations were reassessed as described above.
glucose
▪ Risk of death increased with increasing blood glucose concentrations.
▪ The greater the glucose concentration in the plasma, the greater the number of hemoglobin molecules that will become glycosylated.
▪ Plasma glucose concentrations did not differ between the two groups.
▪ As glucose concentration falls, severe volume depletion may be unmasked.
▪ Figure 1 shows mean serum glucose concentrations reached during clamping.
▪ Recently several studies have emphasised the importance of serum glucose concentrations in the regulation of gastrointestinal function.
▪ When audits have gone beyond counting activity alone they have focused mainly on blood glucose concentration as a proxy measure of outcome.
▪ Neither the size of the responses nor the glucose concentration at which they began during stepped slow fall hypoglycaemia was different.
haemoglobin
▪ They had all had a normal haemoglobin concentration.
▪ Our management included a measurement of haemoglobin concentration and the treatment of any identified anaemia.
▪ A positive correlation was found between glycosylated haemoglobin concentration and the prostacyclin concentration necessary to inhibit ADP-induced platelet aggregation by 50 percent.
ozone
▪ Here we present observations of a large summer minimum in ozone concentration in the unpolluted marine boundary layer of the Southern Hemisphere.
▪ Initial ozone concentrations were taken from a mid-December climatology.
plasma
▪ Its usefulness in this disease has been questioned, and a maximum efficacy was obtained in one report at lower plasma concentrations.
▪ The results of gastric juice against plasma concentrations according to H pylori status are shown in Figure 3.
▪ The acute phase response also involves changes in the plasma concentrations of a number of liver synthesised proteins.
potassium
▪ Proton concentrations for each sample were then calculated from the hydrogen ion activity and the combined sodium and potassium concentrations.
▪ This is effective not because it lowers serum potassium concentration but because it directly antagonizes the membrane depolarizing effect of hyperkalemia.
▪ The electrocardiogram provides a graphic indication of the membrane effects of altered potassium concentrations.
▪ HYPOKALEMlA A low plasma potassium concentration is not always accompanied by a deficit in total body potassium.
▪ Occasionally, a substantially increased platelet or white cell count may lead to apparent increases in plasma potassium concentration.
▪ What is actually observed in this Circumstance is an increase in serum potassium concentration.
▪ As a result, extracellular potassium concentration decreases.
▪ This causes an increase in extracellular potassium concentration.
protein
▪ Biliary protein concentration was similar between the two groups.
▪ The binding is reversible so that factors that decrease the protein concentration will increase the ionized fraction of calcium in the blood.
▪ Cholesterol nucleation time, biliary lipid concentration, vesicular cholesterol distribution, and biliary protein concentration were measured and compared.
▪ The total protein concentration did not differ between the two groups as shown by Yamazaki etal.
▪ The nucleation time did not correlate with either total lipid concentration or total protein concentration.
▪ All lysosomal enzyme assays were linear with respect to time and protein concentration.
▪ Tissue protein concentrations were determined by the method of Lowry etal.
▪ The oedematous patients had similar lung function, smoking histories, and plasma protein concentrations to the patients without oedema.
serum
▪ All patients had normal serum concentrations of liver enzymes and bilirubin and were included consecutively in the study.
▪ This results, even in steady state, in a rapid decline in serum concentrations.
▪ Integrated meal stimulated serum gastrin outputs were determined by calculating the area under the serum concentration time curve.
▪ The serum concentration of IGF-I and growth velocity both improved with increased calorie intake.
▪ We also made it clear that both dose and frequency should be adjusted as dictated by serum concentrations.
▪ Certain IgG heavy chain markers are associated with the serum concentrations of IgG subclasses.
▪ Several studies have disclosed relations between IgG markers and IgG subclass serum concentrations against particular antigens.
▪ Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency and Wilson disease were excluded by determining serum concentrations of alpha-1 antitrypsin and ceruloplasmin, respectively.
sodium
▪ Duodenogastric reflux was identified when intragastric sodium concentrations exceeded 50 mmol/l.
▪ Extracellular osmolal concentration is approximately twice the sodium concentration.
▪ Duodenogastric reflux is indicated when sodium concentrations rise above 50 mmol/l.
▪ A significant difference between plasma sodium concentration and tonicity can thus occur.
▪ Measurement of sodium concentrations is simple to perform and offers the possibility of prolonged continuous monitoring.
▪ A high urine sodium concentration is a variable but frequent confirmatory finding in this disorder.
▪ Furthermore, restricting intraluminal sodium concentration in jejunal perfusion does not seem to limit glucose absorption.
▪ Serum sodium concentration or tonicity are functions of water content relative to total body sodium content.
■ VERB
break
▪ His remarkable doggedness led him to carry on regardless when two stink bombs broke everyone else's concentration.
▪ It broke Woosnam's concentration and also impaired his confidence.
▪ It broke the concentration of my players and led them into serious defensive errors.
▪ And when I was throwing my rackets and talking to the umpire it was breaking my concentration.
contain
▪ A horse's sweat is hypertonic ie it contains a higher concentration of salts than the plasma from which it is derived.
▪ In general, lunar rocks differ from terrestrial rocks in that the Moon contains much lower concentrations of easily vaporized elements.
▪ It can be seen that human sweat is actually hypotonic ie it contains a lower salt concentration than the plasma.
▪ Further, soft coal sometimes contains dangerous concentrations of toxic materials such as arsenic, antimony, and cadmium.
▪ Pancreatic juice for example contains a high concentration of sodium ions, and variable concentrations of chloride and bicarbonate ions.
▪ It does contain shocking footage of concentration camps.
▪ The Dead Sea waters contain a high concentration of salts composed of potassium, bromine and magnesium as well as other minerals.
▪ The disease, however, may be triggered in moles containing unusually high concentrations of melanin.
determine
▪ We subsequently determined the soluble faecal concentrations of calcium, phosphate, fatty acids, and bile acids.
▪ We measured circulating gastrin to determine the concentrations of gastrin required to produce half maximal acid secretion.
find
▪ I found a concentration of priming fish one morning and dropped baits in amongst them.
▪ If you find the concentration more than your risk tolerance allows, look for a value fund or one in another sector.
▪ We also found lower concentrations in smokers although this did not reach significance.
▪ Meanwhile the monstrous and unmanageable dreams about Sethe found release in the concentration Denver began to fix on the baby ghost.
▪ Discovery of Stalinist victims' graves During March a number of mass graves were found near former concentration camps or prisoner-of-war camps.
▪ The study also found that the concentration of immigrants has increased over the past quarter-century.
increase
▪ Helicobacter pylori increases plasma gastrin concentrations by 50% to 100% and values fall to normal after the organism has been eradicated.
▪ The increased saturation is due to the increased iron concentration in the serum.
▪ Risk of death increased with increasing blood glucose concentrations.
▪ Therefore, the jaundice is caused by an increased concentration of unconjugated bilirubin.
▪ It should be pointed out that despite increasing income concentration, there has been a general improvement in the quality of life.
▪ So it seems that Ras can be activated by merely increasing the total cellular concentration of activator, without requiring receptor-dependent modification.
▪ There are, in our society, increasing limits on the concentration of power.
▪ Cholesterol was added to increase the intestinal concentration of bile acids, because dietary cholesterol stimulates bile acid synthesis in rats.
lose
▪ But seeing Damien made her lose concentration and before she knew what was happening she found herself boxed in yet again.
▪ We go for a while, then we lose concentration and focus.
▪ She lost concentration, and the pygmy vanished.
▪ And each time the child has to make a new conscious effort like that, there is an opportunity to lose concentration.
▪ They lost concentration at times with a big lead behind them.
▪ There was a danger he'd lose his concentration if too much warmth built up.
▪ Once, for an instant, she lost her concentration and a smile cracked across her features.
measure
▪ Bile salt and peptides were measured in molar concentrations.
▪ For clinical purposes, one means of measuring overall concentration would be to measure the serum osmolality directly.
require
▪ Crusting for chub is an art that requires concentration and constant attention to the performance.
▪ Such mastery requires absolute concentration, the full deployment of oneself.
▪ And it also had the benefit of requiring very little concentration, leaving her thoughts free to roam.
▪ It required some concentration to pick up the coffee cups and carry them out to the kitchen.
▪ Analytical reading requires good levels of concentration, however.
▪ Use long-life electric bulbs in places that do not require a high concentration of light, such as hallways and closets.
▪ It required enormous concentration and a lot of physical changes - each one accompanied by different music.
▪ Flying an aircraft requires great concentration when landing or taking off.
show
▪ He would listen in, showing more powers of concentration than he ever did at work.
▪ This proprietary blend shows tremendous depth and concentration, with generous blackberry fruit and hints of chocolate and blueberry.
▪ The short report included a table showing the concentration of streptomycin which stopped the growth of various organisms.
▪ But later in the day, a detailed analysis showed the concentrations to be safe.
▪ Kirschner etal, on the other hand, showed low serum IGF-I concentrations in children with Crohn's disease.
▪ Early reports showed reduced concentrations of IgM, but later studies showed normal or even raised immunoglobulin concentrations.
▪ Early studies by Cooke showed that ethanol in concentrations of 1% to 20% did not stimulate gastric acid secretion.
PHRASES FROM OTHER ENTRIES
break sb's concentration
▪ I never listen to music when I'm working - it breaks my concentration.
relax your concentration/vigilance etc
▪ I forced myself to open my fingers, to relax my vigilance, to fall asleep.
▪ Once they lose those bright feathers they can afford to relax their vigilance.
▪ Take care not to relax your concentration on the way up. 2.
EXAMPLES FROM OTHER ENTRIES
▪ A good night's sleep will improve your concentration.
▪ His face was solemn with concentration.
▪ Plummer said she plans to continue her concentration on the 3,000 meter race.
EXAMPLES FROM CORPUS
▪ A lack of response would suggest that the high concentration of alcohol is the principal factor.
▪ It was only later that the aesthetic dimension of literary study became emphasized, with an accompanying concentration on the fictional genres.
▪ So, supposing I tried, the task would demand total concentration.
▪ The result is that the concentration of neurotransmitters in a synapse increases and the normal actions of the neurotransmitter is enhanced.
▪ Used in the right concentrations, they colour hair for up to six washes and add a protective film.