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What is "glucose"

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glucose
Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English
glucose
noun
COLLOCATIONS FROM OTHER ENTRIES
food/glucose/lactose intolerance
COLLOCATIONS FROM CORPUS
■ ADJECTIVE
impaired
▪ Prospective studies have also been performed in subjects with impaired glucose intolerance.
▪ The non-insulin dependent diabetic subjects had similar birth weight to subjects with normoglycaemia or impaired glucose tolerance.
■ NOUN
absorption
▪ Furthermore, restricting intraluminal sodium concentration in jejunal perfusion does not seem to limit glucose absorption.
blood
▪ For known diabetics the blood glucose can be rechecked four-hourly for at least the first 48 hours.
▪ Of these six hormones, insulin is the only one that decreases the blood glucose level.
▪ Ideally, the diagnosis should be confirmed before treatment, and this can be done with capillary blood glucose test sticks.
▪ Insulin therapy is started if blood glucose levels remain elevated despite following these measures.
▪ Risk of death increased with increasing blood glucose concentrations.
▪ Both hormones are antagonistic to insulin and hence increase blood glucose.
▪ If the blood glucose is above 20 mmol/l a sample should be sent to the laboratory for a definitive result.
▪ This is the basis of a highly specific method for the measurement of blood glucose.
concentration
▪ Risk of death increased with increasing blood glucose concentrations.
▪ The greater the glucose concentration in the plasma, the greater the number of hemoglobin molecules that will become glycosylated.
▪ Plasma glucose concentrations did not differ between the two groups.
▪ As glucose concentration falls, severe volume depletion may be unmasked.
▪ Figure 1 shows mean serum glucose concentrations reached during clamping.
▪ Recently several studies have emphasised the importance of serum glucose concentrations in the regulation of gastrointestinal function.
▪ When audits have gone beyond counting activity alone they have focused mainly on blood glucose concentration as a proxy measure of outcome.
▪ Neither the size of the responses nor the glucose concentration at which they began during stepped slow fall hypoglycaemia was different.
intolerance
▪ Prospective studies have also been performed in subjects with impaired glucose intolerance.
▪ The degree of glucose intolerance for any given birth weight was influenced independently by body mass index in adulthood.
level
▪ Diabetics and those with postprandial blood glucose levels between 5.4-11.
▪ Of these six hormones, insulin is the only one that decreases the blood glucose level.
▪ This leads to lower postprandial glucose levels and less frequent episodes of hypoglycaemia.
▪ Insulin therapy is started if blood glucose levels remain elevated despite following these measures.
▪ To control blood pressure at the expense of the blood glucose level or with elevated lipid levels does not represent successful treatment.
▪ Most studies have found no increase in fetal mortality when blood glucose levels are controlled in this way.
▪ The glucose level is depressed, often to less than 20, and the protein is elevated.
▪ To date, diabetics rely largely on insulin medication, discovered in 1921, to regulate their blood glucose levels.
molecule
▪ Glycosylated hemoglobin refers to the specific red cell hemoglobin A types to which a glucose molecule becomes irreversibly attached.
plasma
▪ Achieved plasma glucose and insulin concentrations were determined as the mean of the 50, 55, and 60 minute samples.
▪ Six subjects did not consent to a glucose tolerance test and tolerance was determined from fasting plasma glucose and insulin concentrations.
tolerance
▪ The glucose tolerance test is used to observe the response of the patient to a glucose load or challenge.
▪ The subjects had a continuous infusion glucose tolerance test.
▪ Impaired glucose tolerance is a condition that means your blood glucose falls between normal and diabetic.
▪ Results - Twenty seven subjects had non-insulin dependent diabetes, 32 had impaired glucose tolerance, and 42 were normoglycaemic.
▪ Six subjects did not consent to a glucose tolerance test and tolerance was determined from fasting plasma glucose and insulin concentrations.
▪ The reproducibility, sensitivity, and specificity of the continuous infusion glucose tolerance test have been reported.
▪ This group has carried out a large multicentre study on glucose tolerance in normal pregnancy.
■ VERB
use
▪ Both underestimate incidence as neither study used glucose challenge.
▪ The activated lymphocytes are able to use up glucose extremely quickly.
EXAMPLES FROM CORPUS
▪ Food could be turned into energy via respiration, in which glucose is either derived from food or from photosynthesis.
▪ For known diabetics the blood glucose can be rechecked four-hourly for at least the first 48 hours.
▪ In the Cardiff trial 14% of community care patients received regular general practitioner review and only 5% received yearly blood glucose estimations.
▪ Insulin therapy is started if blood glucose levels remain elevated despite following these measures.
▪ Six subjects did not consent to a glucose tolerance test and tolerance was determined from fasting plasma glucose and insulin concentrations.
▪ The activated lymphocytes are able to use up glucose extremely quickly.
▪ The subjects had a continuous infusion glucose tolerance test.
▪ When audits have gone beyond counting activity alone they have focused mainly on blood glucose concentration as a proxy measure of outcome.
The Collaborative International Dictionary
glucose

Dextrose \Dex"trose`\ (d[e^]ks"tr[=o]s`), n. [See Dexter.] (Chem.) A sirupy, or white crystalline, variety of sugar, C6H12O6 (so called from turning the plane of polarization to the right), occurring in many ripe fruits, and also called glucose. Dextrose and levulose are obtained by the inversion of cane sugar or sucrose, and hence the mixture is called called invert sugar. Dextrose is chiefly obtained by the action of heat and acids on starch, and hence called also starch sugar. It is also formed from starchy food by the action of the amylolytic ferments of saliva and pancreatic juice.

Note: The solid products are known to the trade as grape sugar; the sirupy products as glucose, or mixing sirup. These are harmless, but are only about half as sweet as cane sugar or sucrose.

Douglas Harper's Etymology Dictionary
glucose

1840, from French glucose (1838), said to have been coined by French professor Eugène Melchior Péligot (1811-1890) from Greek gleukos "must, sweet wine," related to glykys "sweet, delightful, dear," from *glku-, dissimilated in Greek from PIE *dlk-u- "sweet" (source also of Latin dulcis). It first was obtained from grape sugar.

Wiktionary
glucose

n. (context carbohydrate English) A simple monosaccharide (sugar) with a molecular formula of C6H12O6; it is a principle source of energy for cell metabolism.

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WordNet
glucose

n. a monosaccharide sugar that has several forms; an important source of physiological energy

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Wikipedia
Glucose

Glucose is a sugar with the molecular formula C H O. The name "glucose" (, ) comes from the Greek word γλυκός, meaning "sweet wine, must". The suffix " -ose" is a chemical classifier, denoting a carbohydrate. It is also known as grape sugar. With 6 carbon atoms, it is classed as a hexose, a sub-category of monosaccharides. D-glucose is one of the 16 aldohexose stereoisomers. The D- isomer (D-glucose), also known as dextrose, occurs widely in nature, but the L-isomer ( L-glucose) does not. Glucose is made during photosynthesis from water and carbon dioxide, using energy from sunlight. The reverse of the photosynthesis reaction, which releases this energy, is a very important source of power for cellular respiration. Glucose is stored as a polymer, in plants as starch and in animals as glycogen, for times when the organism will need it. Glucose circulates in the blood of animals as blood sugar. Glucose can be obtained by hydrolysis of carbohydrates such as milk, cane sugar, maltose, cellulose, glycogen etc. It is also, however, manufactured by hydrolysis of cornstarch by steaming and diluting acid.

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Usage examples of "glucose".

This central nervous system stimulant, used by more than eighty million Americans, is the only food ingredient that actually mimics the stress response, giving you an increase in heart rate, blood pressure, and glucose availability to the brain that increases alertness.

The juice of Mulberries contains malic and citric acids, with glucose, pectin, and gum.

Ryan took plenty of liquids with extra glucose and fructose to help the muscles rehabilitate.

The trick was to observe the dog being treated carefully and, at the first hint of toxemia, stop the injections, give supportive treatment of calcium gluconate and infuse the dog with saline and glucose.

The glucose is not used up, however, because the liver is perfectly capable of breaking down its stored glycogen to glucose and delivering that into the bloodstream at a rate just calculated to replace the amount being abstracted by cells.

When the glucose supply is temporarily smaller than needed, as during fasting intervals, glycogen is broken down to glucose.

The glycogen was broken down to glucose, which poured into the bloodstream.

As far as its effect on carbohydrate metabolism is concerned, epinephrine resembles glucagon in hastening the breakdown of glycogen to glucose so that the blood level of glucose rises.

Just as glucagon mobilizes the glycogen reservoir in the liver, bringing about its breakdown to glucose, which pours into the blood, so the parathyroid hormone mobilizes the calcium stores in bone, bringing about its breakdown to calcium ions in solution, which pours into the blood.

The Mom-hackers had run the myoelectric power points off the battery, and as the muscles got depleted of stored glucose more and more power was required for activation.

Millar, are maltose and glucose, which latter is derived from the hydrolysis of the stable dextrin.

With a high-protein diet, vitamins, glucose and methionine, he might have had a chance.

It appears that as the thermostat tests the blood passing through for temperature so the appestat tests it for glucose content.

Many years previously, biochemists had shown that if you took a piece of animal tissue, say from the liver, cut very thin slices from it with a razor blade and immersed them in a blood-warm bath containing a proper mix of salts and glucose, the slices would go on behaving biochemically much as if they were still in the living body from which they had been removed.

By the action of dilute boiling acid on starch the latter is rapidly converted first into a mixture of dextrine and maltose and then into glucose.