Crossword clues for replication
The Collaborative International Dictionary
Replication \Rep`li*ca"tion\ (-k?"sh?n), n. [L. replicatio. See Reply.]
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An answer; a reply.
--Shak.Withouten any repplicacioun.
--Chaucer. (Law Pleadings) The reply of the plaintiff, in matters of fact, to the defendant's plea.
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Return or repercussion, as of sound; echo.
To hear the replication of your sounds.
--Shak. A repetition; a copy.
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(Biochem.) The copying, by enzymes, of a cell's genome, i.e. the DNA or RNA comprising its genetic material, so as to form an identical genome. This is an essential step in the division of one cell into two. This differs from transcription, which is the copying of only part of the genetic information of a cell's genome into RNA, as in the processes of biosynthesis of messenger RNA or ribosomal RNA.
Syn: Answer; response; reply; rejoinder.
Douglas Harper's Etymology Dictionary
late 14c., "action of folding back," also "legal reply (third step in the pleadings in a common-law action), rejoinder," from Anglo-French replicacioun, Old French replicacion "reply, answer," from Latin replicationem (nominative replicatio) "a reply, repetition, a folding back," from past participle stem of replicare "to repeat, reply," literally "to fold back" (see reply (v.)). Meaning "a copy, reproduction" first recorded 1690s. Sense in genetics is from 1948.
Wiktionary
n. 1 Process by which an object, person, place or idea may be copied mimicked or reproduced. 2 copy; reproduction. 3 (context legal English) A response from the plaintiff to the defendant's plea. 4 (biology) The process of producing replicas of DNA or RNA molecules.
WordNet
n. the act of making copies; "Gutenberg's reproduction of holy texts was far more efficient" [syn: reproduction]
(genetics) the process whereby DNA makes a copy of itself before cell division
a quick reply to a question or remark (especially a witty or critical one); "it brought a sharp rejoinder from the teacher" [syn: rejoinder, retort, return, riposte, comeback, counter]
(law) a pleading made by a plaintiff in reply to the defendant's plea or answer
the persistence of a sound after its source has stopped [syn: echo, reverberation, sound reflection]
copy that is not the original; something that has been copied [syn: replica, reproduction]
the repetition of an experiment in order to test the validity of its conclusion; "scientists will not believe an experimental result until they have seen at least one replication"
Wikipedia
Replication may refer to:
In science:
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Replication (scientific method), one of the main principles of the scientific method, a.k.a. reproducibility
- Replication (statistics), the repetition of a test or complete experiment
- Replication crisis
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Self-replication, the process in which an entity (a cell, virus, program, etc.) makes a copy of itself
- DNA replication or DNA synthesis, the process of copying a double-stranded DNA molecule
- Semiconservative replication, mechanism of DNA replication
- Viral replication, the process by which viruses produce copies of themselves
- Replication (metallography), the use of thin plastic films to duplicate the microstructure of a component
- Self-replicating machines
In computing:
- Replication (computing), the use of redundant resources to improve reliability, fault-tolerance, or performance
- Replication (optical media), the manufacture of CDs and DVDs by means other than burning writable discs
In finance:
- Option replication, a trading strategy to ensure at a certain date the payoff of an option without trading the option
In optical disc manufacturing, replication is the process of producing discs via methods that do not involve "burning" blank CD, DVD or other discs; the latter is known as duplication.
The replication of optical discs involves:
- the creation of a glass master from a client original master.
- the creation of a nickel stamper from that glass master.
- the injection molding of clear optical-grade polycarbonate substrates (clear discs) from that stamper.
- the metallizing and lacquering of those substrates to produce compact discs and DVDs.
In engineering, science, and statistics, replication is the repetition of an experimental condition so that the variability associated with the phenomenon can be estimated. ASTM, in standard E1847, defines replication as "the repetition of the set of all the treatment combinations to be compared in an experiment. Each of the repetitions is called a replicate."
Replication is not the same as repeated measurements of the same item: they are dealt with differently in statistical experimental design and data analysis.
For proper sampling, a process or batch of products should be in reasonable statistical control; inherent random variation is present but variation due to assignable (special) causes is not. Evaluation or testing of a single item does not allow for item-to-item variation and may not represent the batch or process. Replication is needed to account for this variation among items and treatments.
Replication, in metallography, is the use of thin plastic films to nondestructively duplicate the microstructure of a component. The film is then examined at high magnifications.
Replication is a method of copying the topography of a surface by casting or impressing material onto the surface. It is the commonly used technique to duplicate surfaces that are inaccessible in metrology to other forms of nondestructive testing.
The replicas may be imaged in the light microscope or coated with heavy metals, the replicating film melted away, and the heavy metal replica imaged in a Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM).
The same materials, cellulose acetate films, are used for creating replicas of biological materials such as bacteria.
Category:Metallurgy Category:Nondestructive testing
Usage examples of "replication".
It is through natural selection, the preferential survival and replication of organisms that are by accident better adapted to their environments, that the elegance and beauty of contemporary life forms have emerged.
The hero and heroine of the story, named Arg and Gogogoch respectively, tried to smash their machine at birth, but this resulted only in fissiparous replication of the monster.
It works by inserting its molecules into the DNA material of the malaria merozoites and preventing gene replication.
Over the millennia since teleportation and replication had become the norm humans had worked very hard on returning the world to a condition of wilderness, one that replicated as much as possible prehuman, much less preindustrial, conditions.
Data, escaping the planet, not through replication, but simply through one of the taps physically writing things down.
Holodeck matter owes its form and solidity to the pattern held within the holodeck replication and transport buffer and therefore is disassembled when the emitters are turned off or the holomatter is removed from the holodeck.
That initial success was replicated many times, and with the replication came the modifications and improvements of the quantum interphase mat-trans inducers, reaching the point where they were manufactured in modular form.
I discuss shortly, where direct replications have been attempted - and failed.
The replication fork was busily zipping itself up to the end of the moleculea repeat structure gone wild.
In time, the seas became full of these molecular collectives, forming, metabolizing, replicating … forming, metabolizing, replicating … forming, metabolizing, mutating, replicating… Elaborate systems arose, molecular collectives exhibiting behavior, moving to where the replication building blocks were more abundant, avoiding molecular collectives that incorporated their neighbors.
Mutations might occur during replication if the enzyme DNA polymerase makes a mistake.
She had seen that kind of instant replication once before, when she had looked through the electroscope in the medi-chamber.
Their replication rate is slow (it takes months to build a bubble), but in only a couple of decades, exponential growth will have paved the stratosphere with human-friendly terrain.
But these malfunctions are interfering with the replication of the antidote.
A conservative estimate is that, in the absence of natural selection, DNA replicates so accurately that it takes five million replication generations to miscopy 1 per cent of the characters.