What is "phosphatase"

n. (context enzyme English) Any of several enzymes that hydrolyze phosphate esters, and are important in the metabolism of carbohydrates, nucleotides and phospholipids, and in the formation of bone.

n. any of a group of enzymes that act as a catalyst in the hydrolysis of organic phosphates

A phosphatase is an enzyme that removes a phosphate group from its substrate by hydrolysing phosphoric acid mono esters into a phosphate ion and a molecule with a free hydroxyl group (see dephosphorylation). This action is directly opposite to that of phosphorylases and kinases, which attach phosphate groups to their substrates by using energetic molecules like ATP. A common phosphatase in many organisms is alkaline phosphatase. Another large group of proteins present in archaea, bacteria, and eukaryote exhibits deoxyribonucleotide and ribonucleotide phosphatase or pyrophosphatase activities that catalyse the decomposition of dNTP/NTP into dNDP/NDP and a free phosphate ion or dNMP/NMP and a free pyrophosphate ion. The other group of phosphatase is collectively called as protein phosphatase, which removes a phosphate group from the phosphorylated amino acid residue of the substrate protein. Protein phosphorylation is a common posttranslational modification of protein catalyzed by protein kinases, and protein phosphatases reverse the effect.

In enzymology, a [glycogen-synthase-D] phosphatase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are glycogen-synthase D and HO, whereas its two products are glycogen-synthase I and phosphate.

This enzyme belongs to the family of hydrolases, specifically those acting on phosphoric monoester bonds. The systematic name of this enzyme class is [UDP-glucose:glycogen 4-alpha-D-glucosyltransferase-D] phosphohydrolase. Other names in common use include uridine diphosphoglucose-glycogen glucosyltransferase phosphatase, UDP-glycogen glucosyltransferase phosphatase, UDPglucose-glycogen glucosyltransferase phosphatase, glycogen glucosyltransferase phosphatase, glycogen synthetase phosphatase, glycogen synthase phosphatase, glycogen synthase D phosphatase, Mg dependent glycogen synthase phosphatase, and phosphatase type 2_degree_C.

In enzymology, a [phosphorylase] phosphatase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction

Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are phosphorylase a and HO, whereas its two products are phosphorylase b and phosphate.

This enzyme belongs to the family of hydrolases, specifically those acting on phosphoric monoester bonds. The systematic name of this enzyme class is [phosphorylase a] phosphohydrolase. Other names in common use include PR-enzyme, phosphorylase a phosphatase, glycogen phosphorylase phosphatase, protein phosphatase C, and type 1 protein phosphatase.