I.adjectiveCOLLOCATIONS FROM OTHER ENTRIES
a preliminary/initial examination
▪ The inland revenue began a preliminary examination of his tax returns in August.
an early/initial setback (=happening quite soon)
▪ The policy has been successful, despite some early setbacks.
initial enthusiasm (=happening at the beginning, but not lasting)
▪ After a few months, their initial enthusiasm had started to wane.
initial reluctance
▪ Despite some initial reluctance, they approved the plan.
initial/early optimism (=optimism that you feel at the start of a process, especially when it does not continue)
▪ There was initial optimism about a breakthrough in relations between the two countries.
sb's first/initial impulse
▪ Her first impulse was to turn and walk away.
sb's first/initial instinct
▪ His first instinct was to try and hide.
sb’s first/initial/immediate impression
▪ My first impression was that Terry’s version of the events was untrue.
sb’s first/initial/immediate reaction
▪ His first reaction was to laugh.
the early/initial stages
▪ Sometimes there are problems in the early stages of a project.
the immediate/initial/short-term aim (=that you hope to achieve quickly)
▪ The immediate aim is to develop the travel business.
the initial/early/final stages of negotiation
▪ The offer was in the final stages of negotiation.
COLLOCATIONS FROM CORPUS
■ NOUN
contact
▪ Churches To make initial contact with the education sectors of the main churches.
▪ What did their initial contacts suggest for the future?
▪ This is a very valuable method of following up the initial contact and we hope you will agree that this may continue.
▪ We should offer to make the initial contact if the client does not wish to handle this himself.
▪ Sabine makes the initial contact in a correspondence that flowers into an exchange of life stories and, eventually, hearts.
data
▪ The costs of gathering the initial data are relatively small in relation to the costs of the research itself.
▪ This may lead one to think that simplicity should not be considered as just paucity of initial data.
▪ This is not at all the way that initial data are to be specified in a standard deterministic physical problem.
▪ The aim was to ensure that the information used in the creation of the initial data base was both accurate and complete.
▪ This arises from the fact that the accuracy with which the initial data can be known is always limited.
▪ However, the techniques are still difficult to use in practice for arbitrary initial data.
▪ As soon as this task had been completed a similar procedure to that of setting up the initial data base was adopted.
impression
▪ This means that the environment is often very important to the forming of an initial impression.
▪ The evaluators' initial impression was of a school with a fairly traditional outlook but one in which facilities were enviable.
▪ After initial impressions, Bodnar climbed on to some concrete slabs and stood back to inspect the first fruits of his design skills.
▪ Despite the 12:1 contrast ratio claimed for the screen, my initial impression was that it was poor.
▪ Lack of urgency is the initial impression.
▪ His Lordship's initial impression was that the case fitted more readily into a contractual than a proprietary slot.
▪ Certainly my initial impression was that the older boys in particular were resisting the task I'd set them.
investment
▪ In other words, it is the rate that equates future net cash flows to the initial investment outlay.
▪ It sold parts of the business to the public months later, tripling its initial investment.
▪ Consequently, the subsequent discussion will focus on different analyses which may be pursued before or after the initial investment.
▪ In addition, competition may mean that we are unable to recoup our initial investment even if we win the contract.
▪ The initial investment can be of any size.
▪ The initial investment is for ten years.
▪ People who took up a similar offer about four years ago are making up to five times their initial investment.
▪ The initial investment is recorded at cost and dividends are recorded as income when received.
letter
▪ Drop cap a large initial letter at the start of the text that drops into the line or lines of text below.
▪ Acronyms are words formed from the initial letter or letters of successive parts of a compound term.
▪ There would be twenty-nine days between the initial letter from County Hall and any action.
▪ On this principle write all initial letters together on the day you receive instructions, or at the latest the following day.
▪ The initial letters spell the word H-O-W and serve as a reminder of how recovery is achieved through all one's relationships.
▪ Local authorities were upset because the initial letters of the phrase were highlighted, spelling an obscene word.
▪ As we explained in our initial letter, we have been instructed to conduct the sale by means of a strict auction process.
▪ The method recommended by Rowntree is S Q 3R - the initial letters of the first steps to better reading.
meeting
▪ Either: As agreed at our initial meeting, we would need to inform your auditors of this appointment.
▪ By the end of my initial meetings with Robbie, I summed up for myself his emotional development.
▪ Other forms of communication may well be appropriate after an initial meeting.
▪ The engagement letter need only be issued after, not before, an initial meeting where potential services are outlined.
▪ It is necessary, therefore, to be well prepared for the initial meeting.
▪ The physical aspects of the person seemed to be most important feature of the other person at initial meetings.
▪ Specific issues can provide initial meeting places, and open up communication, but that communication must build institutional foundations.
period
▪ During this initial period it will be necessary to use whatever methods appear appropriate to deal with the patient's distress.
▪ During the initial period, from summer 1994 to summer 1995, Madrid.
▪ The initial period lasts for 20 working days.
▪ If the tank is well-established, however, they will normally find enough microorganisms to keep them going during this initial period.
▪ An initial period of identification is important to a repressed group that has never had adequate self-images.
▪ The successful candidate will be based at Jealott's Hill but will spend an initial period at Leuven.
▪ This concession will be granted for an initial period of five years with possible extension after that.
▪ Ideally the purchaser would wish to have the vendor negotiate actively with the purchaser on an exclusive basis during an initial period.
phase
▪ In each case, I believe that the initial phase of the exercise is similar.
▪ They are known to counteract both the vasoconstriction and the enhanced platelet aggregation present in the initial phase of migraine.
▪ During the initial phase, newly formed mast cell components such as histamine, serotonin, prostaglandins, and leukotrienes may be released.
▪ The above described procedure attempts to match the initial phase of contemporary paper based bill of lading issuance.
▪ The initial phase will concentrate on the monuments housed in the churches and subject them to dusting, washing and cleaning.
▪ The initial phase of the wartime operational expert system was completed towards the end of 1987.
position
▪ Since no Pareto gain is possible, the initial position - competitive equilibrium in both markets - is Pareto-efficient.
▪ First, they ensure that the initial position of competitive equilibrium is indeed an equilibrium.
▪ We might then expect that final rather than initial position in the clause is where prominence can be achieved.
▪ In the Hallidayan model, thematic choice is expressed by placing one of these elements in initial position in the clause.
▪ This is the material description: we are following the particle Xi from its initial position to its deformed one.
▪ However, latencies were faster for subordinate clauses when they occurred in sentence final position rather than sentence initial position.
▪ It was also found that businesses with strong initial positions outperformed those with weak initial positions.
reaction
▪ From a distance of two weeks, the initial reaction to defeat also seems unnecessarily despondent.
▪ My initial reaction was to punch some one....
▪ As an initial reaction the girls' parents might have been shocked by what they got up to.
▪ Accordingly, the initial reaction of the equity markets was utterly perverse.
▪ My initial reaction had been a prime, although mild, example of ageism in operation.
▪ The initial reaction of the community to the news of the dump was that it was only what could be expected.
▪ My initial reaction is that this has to be good news.
▪ My initial reaction was relief: We had averted another financial crisis.
response
▪ When they were first introduced they were an enormous boon to the farmer and the initial response was almost euphoric.
▪ Robert Kennedy, however, continued to insist on a less belligerent initial response.
▪ Twenty thousand copies were distributed around Birmingham, and Mr Wiseman says that the initial response has been extremely encouraging.
▪ The initial responses from the government suggest that there may indeed be a reckoning ahead.
▪ The initial response to this situation came in 1971.
▪ Bush's initial response has been to lurch to the right.
▪ If we look at the initial response to Maastricht, the omens are not wholly encouraging.
▪ For some, the initial response is a mild fear reaction; it passes quickly.
shock
▪ The initial shock is followed by grief.
▪ He went into cardiac arrest and was brought back to life immediately after the initial shock.
▪ There had been the natural initial shock of disbelief at hearing of the unexpected death of any person even casually known.
▪ After the initial shock brought by his rather sudden decision had worn away Henry says, he felt mostly relief.
▪ Having overcome her initial shock, Polly asked Jack to sit down.
▪ After the initial shock, Daley felt cornered and harassed, and it soon showed in his reaction to questioning.
▪ Would he ever get over this initial shock period?
▪ Within a split second of the initial shock, bodies were running in all directions.
stage
▪ But even that cannon had to go through an initial stage of trial and error.
▪ In the initial stages, the researcher needs to understand the market, and the client's position and objectives within it.
▪ The first two categories represent the initial stages of involvement in learning to be a nurse.
▪ It really should be attractive in the initial stages.
▪ Thus in the initial stages Elliott and Harris were flung on their own resources.
▪ The man-hater is locked into the initial stage of separation, where repressed hurt and previously unarticulated anger are explored.
▪ In the initial stages the puppy is likely to pull on the leash by trying to rush ahead.
state
▪ As a result of the instability and interactions, the pattern rapidly loses any detailed memory of its initial state.
▪ The evolutionary course followed by a planet is set by its initial state.
▪ And we realize that the initial state may itself have been determined by the laws of science.
▪ The best documented measure of severity was a simple classification based on each patient's initial state of distress on presentation.
▪ But how did he choose the initial state or configuration of the universe?
▪ On the other hand, if the initial state is one of excess supply money-wages will fall at a rate.
▪ This state would be less ordered, and hence have more entropy, than the initial state of two separate boxes.
success
▪ Perhaps his initial success shouldn't have been all that surprising for he comes of good rugby stock.
▪ But restoration ecology is pointless if it merely leads to a relapse into high-risk behavior the moment it scores some initial success.
▪ After initial successes, Cunningham's offensive had been outflanked by Rommel and brought to a standstill.
▪ For such clients, setting intermediate goals increases the chances of initial success, which will keep their motivation up.
▪ After some initial successes, the authorities cracked down on the protesters.
▪ Charlie decided that, following this initial success, he should extend his delivery service to other customers in the East End.
▪ Satisfaction, even glee at this initial success was, however, soon succeeded by doubts about what to do next.
▪ But I owe its initial success to Eliot.
training
▪ Members of the Cadbury family did not escape this strict initial training.
▪ However only about one in ten offered is selected for the rigorous 12 week-long initial training course.
▪ For each of these components of primary education the investigator is concerned to improve the quality of initial training.
▪ The package also includes initial training and 24 hour telephone support.
▪ This initial training will often combine off-the-job courses with on-the-job guidance and support.
▪ However, parameters for them for individual writers could be extracted from an initial training phase for a script recognition system.
▪ Then a rigorous initial training period begins.
▪ In either case, an individual's initial training period will be closely supervised as outlined below.
EXAMPLES FROM OTHER ENTRIES
▪ Initial difficulties with the computer system were soon fixed.
▪ Initial sales figures have been very good.
▪ After initial delays, construction on the new library is due to start in two weeks.
▪ After the initial shock, people adjusted to the new circumstances.
▪ Classes in gun handling are recommended as the initial step for those who want to own a handgun.
▪ I was only involved in the initial stages of the planning.
▪ My initial reaction was one of complete disbelief.
▪ Simon's initial feeling when he heard about the wedding was surprise.
▪ The initial cost of the computer system is more than made up for in terms of eventual profit.
▪ the initial stages of the disease
EXAMPLES FROM CORPUS
▪ A stride from an adjacent boulder gains the initial crack.
▪ It often happens that the initial choice of weights is poor, and the program should learn improved weights.
▪ Seed Money School-to-work initiatives can not get started without an initial infusion of flexible seed money.
▪ So SunTran canceled its initial call for bids and issued a second one, to which three companies eventually responded.
▪ The training set consists of a variety of initial positions of the truck.
▪ There are no initial charges, only an annual management fee of 1%.
▪ We focused on those three initial regional managers then polled some of the neighboring ones.
II.nounCOLLOCATIONS FROM CORPUS
■ VERB
know
▪ To no one else was she known by her initials.
EXAMPLES FROM OTHER ENTRIES
▪ Ed is known as Easy, because of his initials, E.C.
EXAMPLES FROM CORPUS
▪ Anyone could have typed that message and his initial, she realised with dismay.
▪ His shirt was first time on, and his initials were monogrammed over his heart.
▪ One was a letter stamped with the initials of the police trade union and addressed to Commissioner Italo Pompeo Baldoni.
▪ Others say the name is an acronym, formed from the initials of three of the first amateur operators.
▪ People asked her, significantly in that suffragette period, if the initials stood for New Women's Movement.
▪ That was one reason he only published under his initials.
▪ There are initials engraved on the inside.
III.verbEXAMPLES FROM OTHER ENTRIES
▪ If you alter something you have written on a cheque, you must initial the change.
▪ The memo had been initialled by the President.
▪ You have to initial any corrections you make to the form.
EXAMPLES FROM CORPUS
▪ He reached his little office in the square, initialled a few reports, then asked for Sergeant Curtis.
▪ The smaller regional administrative units had initialled the Treaty on March 18.