adjective
COLLOCATIONS FROM OTHER ENTRIES
a cultural/scientific/academic exchange
▪ The mayors of Tokyo and New York signed an agreement to encourage cultural exchanges between the cities.
a historical/scientific fact
▪ This was presented as a historical fact when it was just an opinion.
a scientific expedition
▪ He led the first major British scientific expedition to the Amazon.
a scientific experiment
▪ Astronauts performed scientific experiments during the flight.
a scientific theory
▪ Scientific theories can be tested experimentally.
a scientific/medical etc discovery
▪ The book covers the major scientific discoveries of the last century.
a scientific/systematic approach
▪ a scientific approach to the study of language
a technological/scientific breakthrough
▪ Their findings led to a major technological breakthrough.
economic/political/scientific etc analysis
▪ His book provided a scientific analysis of human behaviour.
from a scientific/technical point of view
▪ This book was the first to study language from a scientific point of view.
historical/financial/scientific etc data
▪ My research involves analyzing the historical data.
historical/sociological/scientific etc writing
▪ Much historical writing today looks at the lives of ordinary people, as well as at the rich and powerful.
medical/scientific evidence
▪ There isn’t any medical evidence to support the claim.
medical/scientific/technical expertise
▪ How can an individual without medical expertise make such a decision?
political/scientific etc consensus
▪ The scientific consensus is that global warming is already occurring.
political/scientific/academic etc credibility
▪ A school's academic credibility often depends on its exam results.
political/scientific/feminist etc viewpoint
▪ From an ecological viewpoint, the motorway has been a disaster.
scientific curiosity (=about scientific things)
▪ Their scientific curiosity led to the development of the vaccine.
scientific observation (=observation done for scientific purposes)
▪ Scientific observation led to the discovery of vaccines.
scientific proof
▪ They say they have scientific proof that the treatment works.
scientific research
▪ Our conclusions are based on scientific research.
scientific/creative etc endeavour
scientific/logical/legal reasoning
scientific/technical knowledge
▪ the practical application of scientific knowledge
technical/scientific/legal/medical etc jargon
▪ documents full of legal jargon
technological/scientific/medical etc advance
▪ one of the great technological advances of the 20th century
the business/scientific/academic etc community
▪ The idea has received intense interest from the business community.
the scientific establishment
▪ Professor Walker’s views are not shared by the scientific establishment.
the scientific method (=the usual way of finding out information in science, which involves testing ideas in experiments)
▪ It is sometimes difficult to apply the scientific method to subjects such as sociology or psychology.
COLLOCATIONS FROM CORPUS
■ ADVERB
more
▪ Psychology is anxious to make itself more scientific by removing gender biases from its theory.
▪ He wanted the information to make club selection more scientific.
▪ Or, to adopt a more scientific expression, the literature of the right-hand side of the brain.
▪ It was a fine mind. More scientific than hers, more given to abstractions.
▪ Physiological research is regarded as simply a more scientific version of introspection.
▪ Perhaps the debate could then be continued on a more scientific level.
▪ The ability to produce in greater quantities made this system wasteful and it has given way to a more scientific process.
▪ It would no doubt be possible to devise a more scientific approach than this.
■ NOUN
activity
▪ I will leave to one side any consideration of the philosophical or practical relevance of this model of scientific activity.
▪ Note-taking is and should be a highly regarded scientific activity.
▪ The authors also say that peer review is ineffective as a mechanism for restructuring scientific activity.
▪ Bearded and dignified, Aitken was an original thinker who remained outside the mainstream of scientific activity.
▪ This demand must not be built up at the expense of the core scientific activity of the Garden, however.
▪ Some 1 500 periodicals are currently taken; these reflect the wide range of scientific activity carried on in the Garden.
▪ Exhibitions should interpret and promote our scientific activities, with an annual major theme.
▪ Every exhibition should be treated as an opportunity to inform visitors about our scientific activities and priorities.
advance
▪ From the first, these universal histories represented both scientific advances and political and religious challenges.
▪ News and Views articles inform non-specialist readers about new scientific advances, sometimes in the form of a conference report.
▪ They are also encouraged to make connections between medical and scientific advances and changes in human society.
▪ As such it must rank as one of the most fundamental scientific advances of the century.
▪ What was the point of scientific advance without moral advance?
▪ A more immediate concern is the danger that a monumental scientific advance could be commercialised.
▪ Most of this century's scientific advances stemmed from intellectual curiosity, not a desire to patent.
▪ Despite political struggle, scientific advances and social battles, some things can not be changed, marched for or campaigned against.
analysis
▪ We need to restore the balance between the heartfelt reason of instinctive wisdom and the rational insights of scientific analysis.
▪ Their meanings and their rules have priority in the scientific analysis of the phenomena.
▪ Marx sought to replace, as a basis for action, Utopian dreams by scientific analysis.
▪ Much might be done in the scientific analysis of these processes and responses, many of which are self-evidently material and physical.
▪ It is only by using scientific analysis that they can be distinguished.
▪ In all directions it seemed that scientific investigation was triumphing over ignorance, and scientific analysis replacing rule of thumb.
▪ True to this tone, Tom's tape is scientific analysis as opposed to bedtime bogeyman stories.
approach
▪ Certainly scientific approaches had come to be seen as unsuited to this project and therefore increasingly discarded.
▪ So far, Koch's scientific approach is working.
▪ It would no doubt be possible to devise a more scientific approach than this.
▪ In practice, a combination of scientific approaches is usually needed.
▪ And, of course, the scientific approach through general laws and formulae has nothing to work on in this sort of context.
▪ Here we must pause to acknowledge that Morgenthau does not always advocate a scientific approach as he did in Politics among Nations.
▪ But some in the movement were uneasy about viewing realism primarily as an appeal to a social scientific approach to law.
basis
▪ Approaches seeming to have a scientific basis are often welcomed by contributors to the Review.
▪ Clearly, some practicing therapists know how little use diagnostic categories are and how little scientific basis there is for them.
▪ She explained its scientific basis and her whole approach was candid and open.
▪ Although the provenance of the 10 percent number is clear, its scientific basis is much less so.
▪ These ideas have no scientific basis and no sound evidence was offered by Devereux in his book.
▪ The lack of scientific basis for many of the worries doesn't stanch the flood.
▪ He believed that the workforce should be selected on the same scientific basis.
▪ Brown has made an interesting attempt to approach the situation from a more scientific basis.
community
▪ But Albert Einstein has been deified by the scientific community and society at large.
▪ The media continue to publish favorable reports on prediction claims that are not generally accepted by the scientific community.
▪ The scientific community agrees that women 50 and older should have annual mammograms.
▪ It is an odd affinity that is forming between Reagan and the scientific community.
▪ Software Systems: Software for telephone companies; computer data management software for scientific community and others using large amounts of data.
▪ The plan, announced at a conference on cloning, was denounced as dangerous and immoral by the mainstream scientific community.
▪ Most suits are filed after the scientific community or the press has already raised alarms.
data
▪ The centre will present information in an attractive and accessible manner, using the most up-to-date scientific data.
▪ Whereas the endangered species listing is determined solely upon scientific data, economics play a role in deciding critical habitat.
▪ His argument may have turned out indecisively, but Halley evidently believed that scientific data were relevant to theological questions.
▪ Traditional craft know-how was being reduced to scientific data and passing from workman to manager, from shop floor to front office.
▪ In such a way have religious beliefs sometimes shaped the interpretation of scientific data.
▪ These investigators have routinely been allowed to testify at criminal trials as expert witnesses, offering what appeared to be scientific data.
▪ The 21-member organisation is responsible for reviewing scientific data and regulating the industry.
▪ But the spin-off will hold exclusive rights to the vaccine and related scientific data.
discipline
▪ Recent historical studies stress the importance of scientific disciplines and research programmes.
▪ Second, most scientific disciplines, including molecular biology and genetics are obliged to seek funding for research from industry.
▪ These potential sources of emerging infections are diverse and cross the lines of various scientific disciplines and government agency responsibilities.
discovery
▪ Such, after all, is the pace of scientific discovery that today's knowledge is redundant tomorrow.
▪ No wonder the guy came up with the most revolutionary scientific discovery of a good 500-year period.
▪ In particular, pupils do not learn of the social and political implications of scientific discoveries.
▪ Few new scientific discoveries are completely beneficial.
▪ His scientific discoveries and his fight for religious and political freedom, form equally important parts of an exceptionally industrious life.
▪ May we play our part in the use of scientific discovery for the benefit of the human race.
▪ This shift primarily reflects the influence of the processes of scientific discovery on the social thought of the period.
establishment
▪ Not unless you've got somebody very high in the scientific establishment with enough swing to make the lesser lights take notice.
▪ Unfortunately, the quick acceptance of the recent crossover thesis by the Western scientific establishment precluded the exploration of other possibilities.
▪ The scientific establishment can resist a new idea with such complacent zeal that even Joshua with his trumpets would have no effect.
▪ His avowed purpose was to tweak the noses of the respectable scientific establishment.
▪ It is not a view shared by the scientific establishment.
▪ As it was, Harrison stood alone against the vested navigational interests of the scientific establishment.
▪ Waterston's ideas were advanced but, being outside the scientific establishment, he was not always taken seriously.
▪ We will bring in much tighter labelling requirements for all foods, and make funding available for food research and scientific establishments.
evidence
▪ He claimed scientific evidence had shown low levels of salmonella in water were not a risk to health.
▪ Indeed, her insistence on the issue seems to be more a product of her unfortunate personal experience than of scientific evidence.
▪ Conversely, it takes a quite massive amount of scientific evidence to have a substance positively recommended for health.
▪ Beginning in 1980 the Agriculture and Health departments have issued dietary guidelines every five years, based on the latest scientific evidence.
▪ Few in the scientific community would argue that the scientific evidence justifies immediate extremely drastic action.
▪ However, there was no scientific evidence to support marijuana smoking.
▪ A specialist child protection team was questioning Jason and scientific evidence was being gathered.
▪ Two university psychology professors say they have scientific evidence that southerners are more prone to violence than northerners.
experiment
▪ Chewing gives psychological satisfaction, and even in scientific experiments the chewing of gum has been found to help reduce tension.
▪ Explain to the class that they are going to conduct a scientific experiment using only a strip of paper.
▪ One day, I promise myself, I will make a scientific experiment.
▪ When Challenger called by this morning, he described a scientific experiment to me of a very similar sort.
▪ This has been shown in several scientific experiments which invariably indicate that overweight people eat more quickly than slim people.
▪ With his men properly nourished, Cook had all hands available to carry out scientific experiments and explorations.
▪ Additionally, few primary schools have the equipment or facilities to carry out scientific experiments as the syllabus suggests.
▪ The three Skylab crews spent a combined time of over 3000 hours conducting scientific experiments in Earth orbit.
explanation
▪ The statements can be from other children in the class or they might be standard scientific explanations.
▪ This is still not a scientific explanation.
▪ There were sensible, scientific explanations about the effect of the changes in air pressure.
▪ In traditional macho science, scientific explanations stressed hierarchies and unidirectional causal paths.
▪ The concept of purpose is creeping back into scientific explanations.
▪ To Boltwood, the scientific explanation is immaterial.
▪ The shared concept of scientific explanation was always contestable and has of late been radically contested.
▪ Bromberg gives just the right amount of scientific explanation.
information
▪ I thought also that I could sell him scientific information, and so escape from my destitute condition.
▪ It was made possible by the explosion of production, of resources, food, scientific information, and medical advances.
▪ The text of the Botanical Cabinet, combining scientific information with pious observations, reflected Loddiges's deeply held religious convictions.
▪ The major social resource for his social action, in the form of service, is positivistic or scientific information.
▪ The Internet was originally constructed to allow sharing of scientific information.
▪ Learn to separate scientific information from rumor and myth.
inquiry
▪ In assessing whether a particular doctrine might have encouraged scientific inquiry, such ambivalence must be taken into account.
▪ In fact, the mathematical details are usually secondary to the logic of scientific inquiry.
▪ All three of Kane's categories suffer from implausible assumptions which belong in the realms of racist folklore rather than scientific inquiry.
▪ It is also the explanation of political behavior that has been least fully explored by means of social scientific inquiry.
▪ But we shall not find a consistent position in which the tasks of biblical exegesis and scientific inquiry were no longer mutually relevant.
▪ The fear of sounding racist has conspired to stifle debate and suppress legitimate scientific inquiry.
▪ Mahfouz was applying the spirit of scientific inquiry to spiritual matters.
▪ The great achievements of the seventeenth century seem to testify to a new independence of scientific inquiry.
instrument
▪ Glasgow: Clocks and scientific instruments, Wednesday 11am.
▪ Triana has been derided by Republican critics, and its political pedigree is unusual for a scientific instrument.
▪ Calibration and servicing of scientific instruments.
▪ The plan includes major new scientific instruments and industrial plants.
▪ There are many small engineering firms, some specialising in scientific instruments.
▪ Industrial machinery, computer and other electronic equipment, chemicals, scientific instruments and transportation equipment lead the export list.
▪ By next Tuesday, Hubble should have two new scientific instruments and replacements for its failing hardware.
interest
▪ The matter is of more than passing scientific interest.
▪ His business declined through the 1850s in the face of increasing competition, though his scientific interests continued undiminished.
▪ His scientific interests were kindled by visits to the great exhibition at the Crystal Palace in London in 1851.
▪ Apart from his official work as public analyst, McLachlan had a wide range of other scientific interests.
▪ A number of these articles of scientific interest were produced by L. Ashwell Wood.
▪ Councillors commended the scheme put forward by Tilhill Economic Forestry for its design and consideration for sites of archaeological and scientific interest.
▪ He acquired a lasting scientific interest in mucus, possibly augmented by digestive problems of his own.
▪ And it certainly turned out to be of considerable scientific interest.
investigation
▪ Psychic phenomena seemed to cry out for, and lend themselves to, scientific investigation.
▪ That is not an argument for stopping scientific investigation.
▪ The Bible as holy literature, the oracles of the Logos, has become for them an inanimate object of scientific investigation.
▪ The problem needed to be handed over to scientific investigation.
▪ In that case nature would be capable of wilful deception and all scientific investigation would be a waste of time.
▪ Curiosity, as I have already remarked, is essential to inquiry: without it, no scientific investigation would even begin.
▪ Firstly, systems science which deals with the scientific investigation of systems and with theory in various sciences.
▪ For many people, this practical issue will overshadow the refinements of scientific investigation, but this would be a pity.
journal
▪ As articles in scientific journals became more formal, the need for popular writings and lectures increased.
▪ The phenomenon Gross was describing had already been described by researchers in scientific journals for several years.
▪ Many are forgotten, buried in old scientific journals or the archives of individual pharmaceutical companies.
▪ Dorrell did not elaborate but said the experts' findings will be published in scientific journals within four to six weeks.
▪ The most formal level of communication in science is carried out through the medium of the scientific journal.
▪ The findings are published in the October issue of the scientific journal Photochemistry and Photobiology.
▪ Max's with a pipe, tobacco, scientific journals.
▪ Two major collections -- periodicals and scientific journals dating to the 1800s -- were inundated.
knowledge
▪ Here we need to rely on our social scientific knowledge about our own legal and social institutions.
▪ Early in the 1890s, physicians in California were having a hard time reconciling their scientific knowledge about leprosy with their sinophobia.
▪ The public character of scientific knowledge depended on the interpersonal and critical debate between scientists.
▪ Who were those glittering people intent on raiding the continent for money or for scientific knowledge?
▪ Fieldwork, nevertheless, involves the routine application of a wide range of technical and scientific knowledge.
▪ The West can surely produce a universal culture if it renounces its monopoly on scientific knowledge and the electronic agenda.
▪ He wrote tales of plausible galactic empires with impish fun and a fierce belief that scientific knowledge would triumph over ignorance.
▪ It is clearly an area in which our fears are outrunning scientific knowledge.
management
▪ The second is a managerial tradition deriving from F W Taylor's theory of scientific management and his studies of work administration.
▪ They ended by challenging many of the assumptions of scientific management and establishing that work had both social and psychological dimensions.
▪ Such arguments serve to remind us that scientific management has right-wing as well as left-wing critics.
▪ Look back to 1910 and the first explosion of interest in scientific management and you see field after field absorbing its message.
▪ These antidotes to scientific management were aimed at two management problem areas, concerning moral and operational issues, respectively.
▪ Frederick Winslow Taylor, in the words inscribed on his tombstone, was the father of scientific management.
▪ No one today, though, speaks of Taylorized factories, or factories working under scientific management.
method
▪ The scientific method may sometimes mislead.
▪ The root of materialism is probably a firm commitment to empirical scientific method as the only reliable way to discover truth.
▪ It could reinforce prescriptions for an appropriate scientific method.
▪ Let us briefly consider how you might analyze this claim by means of the scientific method.
▪ Can you imagine advanced scientific methods divorced from the policy and ethics of their actual use?
▪ Prehistoric studies experienced a shift of emphasis in the 1960s as a result of scientific methods of dating being introduced into archaeology.
▪ The scientific method has provided standards for research.
principle
▪ This reaction produced attempts to apply scientific principles and procedures to the study of human functioning.
▪ What we may recognize as a scientific principle was enunciated via the theological concept of divine immutability.
▪ To understand what sustainability means, it's necessary first to understand what unsustainability means in terms of first-order scientific principles.
▪ In order to do this, we have to employ a method of understanding rooted in scientific principles that are universally accepted.
▪ The only way forward was on these secular, scientific principles.
▪ Barnes wrote on scientific principles, he said.
▪ He believed that it was possible to apply scientific principles to each task which would replace the old rule-of-thumb method of working.
▪ Using everyday objects, basic scientific principles can be explained even to the very young.
progress
▪ Having disposed of one great story which gave coherence to human life, Western culture substituted another called scientific progress.
▪ In short, recent scientific progress has revolutionized the understanding of alcohol and caffeine.
▪ The analogy between scientific progress and genetic evolution by natural selection has been illuminated especially by Sir Karl Popper.
▪ Thus routine science and routine scientific progress occur while, and only while, the governing paradigm copes successfully with apparent exceptions.
▪ Goody, however, retreats from the implications that this more flexible model of scientific progress hold for his claims regarding literacy.
▪ Remarks such as these indicate that Lakatos aimed to propose a universal criterion for judging research programmes in particular and scientific progress in general.
▪ Here was a Protestant vision amenable to an emerging concept of scientific progress.
▪ The arguments concerning the social nature of scientific progress relate also to the product of that progress - technology.
reason
▪ There is no convincing scientific reason why they did not occur.
▪ I understand that the move has been made for the best scientific reasons.
▪ Organic farmers know it works, but they can't give scientific reasons.
▪ This is a decision by the Natural Environment Research Council and it is for the best scientific reasons.
research
▪ In principle, this question could be answered by careful scientific research.
▪ It also stimulated scientific research by providing a definite name for something that previously had not had a satisfactory title.
▪ This anticipatory power of the imagination has been utilized in many sports, and scientific research has established its effectiveness for athletes.
▪ We have also backed scientific research into rehabilitation schemes and their effectiveness.
▪ The goal of Apollo was not practical benefit, nor even scientific research, but political posturing.
▪ How does basic scientific research fare in the face of so much application interest?
▪ Some of these fears were allayed by scientific research findings, such as laboratory experiments with rats.
revolution
▪ The discontinuous change constitutes a scientific revolution.
▪ The first contest of the scientific revolution was fought by Paracelsus, well ahead of the more famous initiatives of Vesalius and Copernicus.
▪ We shall lead up to it by starting where the modern world began, with the scientific revolution.
▪ We continue to speak of a scientific revolution because earlier systems of belief were emphatically overthrown.
▪ The scientific revolution, it is often said, saw the separation of science from religion.
▪ For these reasons we shall drop references to the separation of science and religion during the scientific revolution.
▪ When this happens, there is a scientific revolution and the old paradigm is replaced with a new one.
▪ The image of a separation between science and religion during the scientific revolution is certainly attractive.
study
▪ New scientific studies indicating that the danger of dioxin was in fact worse than previously realized were hardly reported.
▪ It was pretty carefully set up: First, a report of a seemingly scientific study.
▪ One involves the scientific study of which women are likely to keep their own last names after marriage.
▪ Ecological Science and Forestry Ecology is the scientific study of organisms in relation to the physical and biological environment.
▪ Dozens of scientific studies investigated the claims.
▪ Tinbergen demonstrated that it was possible, simply by watching animals, to make a scientific study of them.
▪ The project will adopt a case-study methodology and will focus on scientific studies of the Precambrian.
theory
▪ No doubt that story contained many scientific theories which she had had to omit from her tale, being unable to comprehend them.
▪ A scientific theory, not just a rhetorical one.
▪ Eagleton could not put it more simply: Marxism is a scientific theory of human societies and the practice of transforming them.
▪ That does not stop it being a good scientific theory.
▪ Newton's physical theories, however, are a good example of how a scientific theory may be predictive as well as explanatory.
▪ In still another respect we hope to contribute to the development of a scientific theory of democracy.
▪ Fletcher turned his trick into a whole scientific theory.
work
▪ Besides, three-quarters of forensic scientific work doesn't require all this sophisticated instrumentation.
▪ In honest, carefully done scientific work, there is no compromise on stringent requirements for the conduct and interpretation of research.
▪ His best scientific work was behind him.
▪ McGregor thought Amelia was particularly suited by temperament for scientific work because she had such a lively interest.
▪ The geologists in mission control were not best pleased as they had planned some serious scientific work at the landing site.
▪ Those prescriptions can not be said to have been derived from any scientific work whatsoever.
▪ Do you think that current scientific work on consciousness is misguided?
▪ Their properly scientific work has no particular relevance to the truth or falsity of most religious claims.
PHRASES FROM OTHER ENTRIES
the teaching/scientific/criminal etc fraternity
EXAMPLES FROM OTHER ENTRIES
▪ scientific research
▪ There is no scientific basis for such policies.
▪ There isn't a very scientific filing system in the office.
EXAMPLES FROM CORPUS
▪ Councillors commended the scheme put forward by Tilhill Economic Forestry for its design and consideration for sites of archaeological and scientific interest.
▪ He wanted the information to make club selection more scientific.
▪ More complex annuity problems can also be programmed on nearly all business and scientific calculators rather easily.
▪ She was impatient, angry, and scientific.
▪ Tell me how you write love poetry which is objective, scientific, and devoid of any personal presence.
▪ Through their size, funding and concentration of personnel they are central scientific and technological establishments.