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pythagoras
Wikipedia
Pythagoras of Samos (; ; , or simply ; Πυθαγόρης in Ionian Greek; ) was an Ionian Greek philosopher, mathematician, and has been credited as the founder of the movement called Pythagoreanism. Most of the information about Pythagoras was written down centuries after he lived, so very little reliable information is known about him. He was born on the island of Samos, and traveled, visiting Egypt and Greece, and maybe India, and in 520 BC returned to Samos. Around 530 BC, he moved to Croton, in Magna Graecia, and there established some kind of school or guild.
Pythagoras made influential contributions to philosophy and religion in the late 6th century BC. He is often revered as a great mathematician and scientist and is best known for the Pythagorean theorem which bears his name. However, because legend and obfuscation cloud his work even more than that of the other pre-Socratic philosophers, one can give only a tentative account of his teachings, and some have questioned whether he contributed much to mathematics or natural philosophy. Many of the accomplishments credited to Pythagoras may actually have been accomplishments of his colleagues and successors. Some accounts mention that the philosophy associated with Pythagoras was related to mathematics and that numbers were important. It was said that he was the first man to call himself a philosopher, or lover of wisdom, and Pythagorean ideas exercised a marked influence on Plato, and through him, all of Western philosophy.
Pythagoras is a prominent impact crater located near the northwestern limb of the Moon. It lies just to the northwest of the somewhat larger Babbage. The crater has an oval appearance due to the oblique viewing angle. Only the western face of the interior can be viewed from the Earth, the other side being permanently out of sight.
The well-preserved rim of Pythagoras has a wide terrace system, and a slight rampart around the exterior. Although generally circular, the crater outline has a hexagonal form. The floor is flattened, but with an irregular, hilly surface. There is evidence of landslips around the periphery. In the center is a sharp, mountainous rise with a double peak that ascends 1.5 kilometers above the crater floor.
Pythagoras of Samos or Pythagoras of Rhegion, ( Ancient Greek: , fl. 5th century BC) was a statuary from Samos whom Pliny the Elder expressly distinguishes from the more renowned Pythagoras from Rhegion. Pliny does however say that the sculptor bore a remarkable personal likeness to the mathematician. There is no precise indication of his date. Philip Smith accepted the opinion of Karl Julius Sillig (1801—1855) that Pliny's date of Olympiad 87 (c. 428 BC) ought to be referred to this artist rather than to a different Pythagoras, from Rhegium; other writers consider it possible he lived closer to the beginning of the 5th century BC. Modern writers consider it certain these two were the same artist, and that this Pythagoras was one of the Samian exiles who moved to Zankle at the beginning of the 5th century BC and came under the power of the tyrant Anaxilas in Rhegium. While a Samian by birth, he was a pupil of Clearchus of Rhegium.
Pythagoras was at first a painter, but eventually turned to sculpture, apparently focusing on portraits of athletic champions from Hellenized cities in Italy and Sicily. Despite his contemporary eminence in his field, it is difficult to estimate his skill and attainments, as no certain copy of his works is known to exist. Pliny reports that Pythagoras' skill exceeded even that of Myron, credits him with the innovation of sculpting athletes with visible veins, and calls him the first artist to aim for "rhythm and symmetry". In his Natural History he goes on to list several of Pythagoras' works, including a renowned pankratiast at Delphi. He was celebrated as the maker of seven nude statues (which some theorize to have been part of a work on the Seven Against Thebes), and one of an old man, which, in Pliny's time, stood near the temple of Fortuna Huiusce Diei ("The Fortune of This Day"), which Quintus Lutatius Catulus had built in fulfillment of a vow made at the Battle of Vercellae. Pausanias mentions a statuary of this name, and lists several of his works, including a sculpture of the boxer Euthymos, without mentioning this artist's home town. The base of the statue has been found at Olympia however, on which Pythagoras signs himself as "the Samian".
According to some accounts, Pythagoras was also known as Pythagoras of Samos, or the Samian.
Pythagoras was a freedman of the Roman emperor Nero, who married in a public ceremony in which the emperor took the role of bride.
Pythagoras was a Greek mathematician and philosopher.
Pythagoras may also refer to:
- Pythagoras (boxer) (late 6th century BC), a Samian boxer
- Pythagoras (sculptor) (fl. 5th century BC), a Samian sculptor
- Pythagoras of Rhegium (sculptor) (fl. 5th century BC), a Greek sculptor
- Pythagoras the Spartan (late 5th century BC to 6th century BC), a mercenary Greek Admiral.
- Pythagoras, a 4th-century BCE Macedonian hepatomancer mentioned by Arrian, and brother to Apollodorus of Amphipolis
- Pythagoras (freedman) (1st century AD), a Roman freedman married to emperor Nero
- Pythagoras (crater), a lunar impact crater
- Pythagoras ABM, an agent-based model
- Pythagoras Papastamatiou or simply Pythagoras, a 20th-century Greek writer
- 6143 Pythagoras, a main-belt asteroid
Pythagoras of Samos ( Greek: Πυθαγόρας ο Σάμιος) lived in the period around the last part of 6th century BC and early 5th century BC, and was an ancient Greek boxer and a winner in boxing at ancient Olympic Games.
One of the most popular festivals of ancient Greece were the Olympic Games, participation in which was the great dream of Pythagoras. In 588 BC, although he was still a boy, decided to give the oath of sixteen months' training to take part in the games. During the 48th Olympiad, Pythagoras of Samos was excluded from the boys' boxing contest and was mocked for being effeminate, but he went on to the men's contest and successfully defeated all his opponents. So, his dream came true.
Usage examples of "pythagoras".
Among the Greeks, the scholars of the Egyptians, all the higher ideas and severer doctrines on the Divinity, his Sovereign Nature and Infinite Might, the Eternal Wisdom and Providence that conducts and directs all things to their proper end, the Infinite Mind and Supreme Intelligence that created all things, and is raised far above external nature,--all these loftier ideas and nobler doctrines were expounded more or less perfectly by Pythagoras, Anaxagoras, and Socrates, and developed in the most beautiful and luminous manner by Plato, and the philosophers that succeeded him.
And accordingly Ocellus Lucanus, the Disciple of Pythagoras, held that the principal cause of all sublunary effects resided in the Zodiac, and that from it flowed the good or bad influences of the planets that revolved therein.
The peculiar and principal symbol of this Degree is the Tetractys of Pythagoras, suspended in the East, where ordinarily the sacred word or letter glitters, like it, representing the Deity.
Star, magical adored under name of Remphan, 103-u Star of five points originated from the Pentalpha of Pythagoras, 634-m.
Unity, that sublime centre to which the chain of causes necessarily ascends, was the august Idea toward which all the ideas of Pythagoras converged.
Philosophy of the Hermetics that of the schools of Alexandria and the theories of Pythagoras, 774-l.
Modern science strikingly confirms the ideas of Pythagoras in regard to the properties of numbers, and that they govern in the Universe.
It reiterates the maxims of Pythagoras, Confucius, and Zoroaster, and reverentially enforces the sublime lessons of Him who died upon the Cross.
In the Grecian Mysteries, as established by Pythagoras, there were three Degrees.
Thus the Egyptian Priests tried Pythagoras before admitting him to know the secrets of the sacred science.
This was the doctrine of Pythagoras, who learned it when he received the Egyptian Mysteries: and it was the doctrine of all who, by means of the ceremonial of initiation, thought to purify the soul.
It is, according to Pythagoras, vast troops of souls that form that luminous belt.
Zoroaster, Sanchoniathon, Pherecydes, Syrus, Pythagoras, Socrates, Plato, of all the ancients, that is come to our hand, is symbolic.
From the Milky Way, according to Pythagoras, diverged the route to the dominions of Pluto.
As examples of this sort, they named Pythagoras, Plato, Aristotle, and Christ.