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Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English
penumbra
noun
EXAMPLES FROM CORPUS
▪ In other words, the First Amendment has a penumbra where privacy is protected from governmental intrusion.
▪ She kept hitting my forehead, and penumbra replaced myopia, and my arms fell away, no longer offering interference.
▪ The area round it was hidden in the penumbra.
▪ The right of association contained in the penumbra of the First Amendment is one, as we have seen.
▪ Thus, beyond the specifically theological reasons for unionism, there is a broader penumbra of social concerns.
The Collaborative International Dictionary
penumbra

Penumbra \Pe*num"bra\, n. [NL., fr. L. paene almost + umbra shade.]

  1. An incomplete or partial shadow.

  2. (Astron.) The shadow cast, in an eclipse, where the light is partly, but not wholly, cut off by the intervening body; the space of partial illumination between the umbra, or perfect shadow, on all sides, and the full light.
    --Sir I. Newton.

    Note: The faint shade surrounding the dark central portion of a solar spot is also called the penumbra, and sometimes umbra.

  3. (Paint.) The part of a picture where the shade imperceptibly blends with the light.

Douglas Harper's Etymology Dictionary
penumbra

1660s, from Modern Latin penumbra "partial shadow outside the complete shadow of an eclipse," coined 1604 by Kepler from Latin pæne "almost" + umbra "shadow" (see umbrage). Related: Penumbral.

Wiktionary
penumbra

n. 1 A partially shaded area around the edges of a shadow, especially an eclipse. 2 (context astronomy English) A region around the edge of a sunspot, darker than the sun's surface but lighter than the middle of the sunspot. 3 (context figuratively English) An area of uncertainly or intermediacy between two mutually exclusive states or categories. 4 (context figuratively English) An area that lies on the edge of something; a fringe. 5 Something related to, connected to, and imply by, the existence of something else that is necessary for the second thing to be full and complete in its essential aspects. 6 (context medicine English) ''(in "ischaemic penumbra", after a stroke)'' A region of the brain that has lost only some of its blood supply, and retains structural integrity but has lost function.

WordNet
penumbra
  1. n. a fringe region of partial shadow around an umbra

  2. [also: penumbrae (pl)]

Wikipedia
Penumbra (Star Trek: Deep Space Nine)

__NOTOC__ "Penumbra" is the 167th episode of the television series Star Trek: Deep Space Nine, the 17th episode of the seventh season. It is the first episode of the series' final 10-episode story arc. The title refers to the shadow effect of the same name.

Penumbra (disambiguation)

The penumbra is the part of a shadow where the light source is only partially blocked.

Penumbra may also refer to:

Penumbra (medicine)

In pathology and anatomy the penumbra is the area surrounding an ischemic event such as thrombotic or embolic stroke. Immediately following the event, blood flow and therefore oxygen transport is reduced locally, leading to hypoxia of the cells near the location of the original insult. This can lead to hypoxic cell death ( infarction) and amplify the original damage from the ischemia; however, the penumbra area may remain viable for several hours after an ischemic event due to the collateral arteries that supply the penumbral zone.

As time elapses after the onset of stroke, the extent of the penumbra tends to decrease; therefore, in the emergency department a major concern is to protect the penumbra by increasing oxygen transport and delivery to cells in the danger zone, thereby limiting cell death. The existence of a penumbra implies that salvage of the cells is possible. There is a high correlation between the extent of spontaneous neurological recovery and the volume of penumbra that escapes infarction; therefore, saving the penumbra should improve the clinical outcome.

Penumbra (series)

Penumbra is the name of an episodic survival horror video game series developed by Frictional Games and published by Paradox Interactive and Lexicon Entertainment. The games use the HPL Engine, initially developed as a tech demo. Penumbra is notable for its horror styling and for allowing advanced physical interaction with the game environment.

Penumbra (telenovela)

Penumbra is a Mexican telenovela produced by Televisa for Telesistema Mexicano in 1962.

Penumbra (law)

In United States constitutional law, the penumbra includes a group of rights derived, by implication, from other rights explicitly protected in the Bill of Rights. These rights have been identified through a process of "reasoning-by-interpolation", where specific principles are recognized from "general idea[s]" that are explicitly expressed in other constitutional provisions. Although researchers have traced the origin of the term to the nineteenth century, the term first gained significant popular attention in 1965, when Justice William O. Douglas's majority opinion in Griswold v. Connecticut identified a right to privacy in the penumbra of the constitution.

Usage examples of "penumbra".

Before we even got into Penumbra you were bumping and swearing at some poor boggart because you said he spilled your lunch.

Station was about the same size as Penumbra but without a dome, a long, low, barnlike structure with an open scaffolding roof trussed by metal bars.

A moment later the name came back too, but so did the memory of Rufinus weft-Daisy being stabbed to death in Penumbra Station.

A few children were out early, probably on their way to school, the younger ones accompanied by parents or even occasionally by one of the rainbow nanny-bubbles he had seen back in Penumbra Fields.

In that case there would be an abrupt struggle for existence: penumbra against umbra.

His penumbra was entirely taken up with the occupation of this alternate host, acting as a temporary umbra.

He could probably fight off the enemy penumbra, but not a direct invasion.

He cast his penumbra out, searching for help he knew was not available.

NK-2 cried, extending his battered penumbra just enough to make contact.

The enemy penumbra prevented any normal contacts, but he could still needle to any previously checked potential host.

He brought the chair into the living room and placed it within the penumbra of light from the floor lamp.

There was the spectral image of a man in black standing just within the penumbra of the bathroom light.

Both ships were deep inside the penumbra now, although the gigantic orange and white crescent they were fleeing from still cast a glorious coronal glow across them.

By a process of careful selection, he would have to requisition jurors of compassion and sensitivity whose minds would be open to fresh concepts and whose imaginations would permit them to take the plunge into the penumbra of the occult and whose religious backgrounds would not cause them to discount the supernatural as entirely unthinkable.

And there stood the Rhivi child, a sunrise aura about her person, a penumbra of power that stirred the wilder blood that coursed within him.