Crossword clues for oxygenate
Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English
The Collaborative International Dictionary
Oxygenate \Ox"y*gen*ate\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Oxygenated; p. pr. & vb. n. Oxygenating.] [Cf. F. oxyg['e]ner.] (Chem.) To unite, or cause to combine, with oxygen; to treat with oxygen; to oxidize; as, oxygenated water (hydrogen dioxide).
Wiktionary
vb. (context transitive English) To treat or infuse with oxygen
WordNet
Wikipedia
Oxygenated chemical compounds contain oxygen as a part of their chemical structure. The term usually refers to oxygenated fuels. Oxygenates are usually employed as gasoline additives to reduce carbon monoxide and soot that is created during the burning of the fuel. Compounds related to soot, like polyaromatic hydrocarbons ( PAHs) and nitrated PAHs, are reduced also.
The oxygenates commonly used are either alcohols or ethers:
- Alcohols:
- Methanol (MeOH)
- Ethanol (EtOH)
- Isopropyl alcohol (IPA)
- n-butanol (BuOH)
- Gasoline grade t-butanol (GTBA)
- Ethers:
- Methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE)
- Tert-amyl methyl ether (TAME)
- Tert-hexyl methyl ether (THEME)
- Ethyl tert-butyl ether (ETBE)
- Tert-amyl ethyl ether (TAEE)
- Diisopropyl ether (DIPE)
In the United States, the Environmental Protection Agency had authority to mandate that minimum proportions of oxygenates be added to automotive gasoline on regional and seasonal basis from 1992 until 2006 in an attempt to reduce air pollution, in particular ground-level ozone and smog. In addition to this North American automakers have in 2006 and 2007 promoted a blend of 85% ethanol and 15% gasoline, marketed as E85, and their flex-fuel vehicles, e.g. GM's "Live Green, Go Yellow" campaign. U.S. Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) standards give an artificial 54% fuel efficiency bonus to vehicles capable of running on 85% alcohol blends over vehicles not adapted to run on 85% alcohol blends. There is also alcohols' intrinsically cleaner combustion, however due to its lower energy density it is not capable of producing as much energy per gallon as gasoline. Much gasoline sold in the United States is blended with up to 10% of an oxygenating agent. This is known as oxygenated fuel and often (but not entirely correctly, as there are reformulated gasolines without oxygenate) as reformulated gasoline. Methyl tert(iary)-butyl ether ( MTBE) was the most popular fuel additive in the US, prior to government mandated use of ethanol.
Usage examples of "oxygenate".
Modern reptiles have three-chambered hearts: two atria, one for oxygenated blood coming from the lungs and the other to receive deoxygenated blood from the rest of the body, and a ventricle in which both streams of blood are mixed to be pumped forth again.
Oxygenates, such as ethanol and MTBE, had proven effective in reducing air pollutants.
Fortunately there were steady currents of well oxygenated water, so breathing was no problem.
The pan around them was filled with the thick, milky liquid that kept them oxygenated through perfusion until their lungs began to work, and their limbs were already beginning to move with tiny random twitches.
The septal defect was a gate that permitted oxygenated blood to flow the wrong way.
An anesthetist unceremoniously pried open the snooded jaw and sprayed cocaine down the windpipe, while an IV team deftly slipped catheters into the carotid arteries to oxygenate the brain directly after severance.
But when the body was deprived of oxygenated blood for an extended period, even with the protection of hypothermia, huge pools of free radicals were created in excess of anything the body had to deal with normally.
Our hearts, for instance, allow oxygenated and unoxygenated blood to mix.
The fragile placenta must be chemically and hormonally persuaded to release from the blood-vessel-enriched uterus, without damaging too many of its multitude of tiny villi, then floated free from the uterine wall in a running bath of highly oxygenated nutrient solution.
The outside air, it said, was at 46 kilopascals, and properly oxygenated.
The space vacated by one lung was replaced by a closed-cycle blood oxygenating system of the kind carried in spacesuit backpacks, so that we could endure vacuum and had no need to breathe ambient air.
Some of the connections ran directly to various pieces of bedside machinery that monitored pressure inside the skull, delivered drugs, or helped to oxygenate the brain tissue in the biochip.
Fresh oxygenated blood rushed to his muscles, which swelled subtly, readying themselves for action.
The greening of Mars required two different kinds of planetary engineering: crude terraforming, to raise the surface temperature and atmospheric pressure to a plausible threshold for life, and ecopoiesis: using microbial and plant life to condition the soil and oxygenate the air.
An endotracheal tube ran down her throat and into her trachea and esophagus, placed in order to oxygenate the lungs and to block regurgitation from the stomach.