What is "justice"

Justice \Jus"tice\ (j[u^]s"t[i^]s), n. [F., fr. L. justitia, fr. justus just. See Just, a.]

1. The quality of being just; conformity to the principles of righteousness and rectitude in all things; strict performance of moral obligations; practical conformity to human or divine law; integrity in the dealings of men with each other; rectitude; equity; uprightness.

   Justice and judgment are the haditation of thy throne.
   --Ps. ixxxix. 11.

   The king-becoming graces, As justice, verity, temperance, stableness, . . . I have no relish of them.
   --Shak.

2. Conformity to truth and reality in expressing opinions and in conduct; fair representation of facts respecting merit or demerit; honesty; fidelity; impartiality; as, the justice of a description or of a judgment; historical justice.

3. The rendering to every one his due or right; just treatment; requital of desert; merited reward or punishment; that which is due to one's conduct or motives.

   This even-handed justice Commends the ingredients of our poisoned chalice To our own lips.
   --Shak.

4. Agreeableness to right; equity; justness; as, the justice of a claim.

5. A person duly commissioned to hold courts, or to try and decide controversies and administer justice.

   Note: This title is given to the judges of the common law courts in England and in the United States, and extends to judicial officers and magistrates of every grade.

   Bed of justice. See under Bed.

   Chief justice. See in the Vocabulary.

   Justice of the peace (Law), a judicial officer or subordinate magistrate appointed for the conservation of the peace in a specified district, with other incidental powers specified in his commission. In the United States a justice of the peace has jurisdiction to adjudicate certain minor cases, commit offenders, officiate at marriages, etc.; abbreviated JP.

   Syn: Equity; law; right; rectitude; honesty; integrity; uprightness; fairness; impartiality.

   Usage: Justice, Equity, Law. Justice and equity are the same; but human laws, though designed to secure justice, are of necessity imperfect, and hence what is strictly legal is at times far from being equitable or just. Here a court of equity comes in to redress the grievances. It does so, as distinguished from courts of law; and as the latter are often styled courts of justice, some have fancied that there is in this case a conflict between justice and equity. The real conflict is against the working of the law; this a court of equity brings into accordance with the claims of justice. It would be an unfortunate use of language which should lead any one to imagine he might have justice on his side while practicing iniquity (inequity). Justice, Rectitude. Rectitude, in its widest sense, is one of the most comprehensive words in our language, denoting absolute conformity to the rule of right in principle and practice. Justice refers more especially to the carrying out of law, and has been considered by moralists as of three kinds: (1) Commutative justice, which gives every man his own property, including things pledged by promise. (2) Distributive justice, which gives every man his exact deserts. (3) General justice, which carries out all the ends of law, though not in every case through the precise channels of commutative or distributive justice; as we see often done by a parent or a ruler in his dealings with those who are subject to his control.

Justice \Jus"tice\, v. t. To administer justice to. [Obs.]
--Bacon.

mid-12c., "the exercise of authority in vindication of right by assigning reward or punishment;" also "quality of being fair and just," from Old French justice "justice, legal rights, jurisdiction" (11c.), from Latin iustitia "righteousness, equity," from iustus "upright, just" (see just (adj.)). The Old French word had widespread senses, including "uprightness, equity, vindication of right, court of justice, judge." The word began to be used in English c.1200 as a title for a judicial officer. Meaning "right order, equity" is late 14c. Justice of the peace first attested early 14c. In the Mercian hymns, Latin iustitia is glossed by Old English rehtwisnisse. To do justice to (someone or something) "render fully and fairly showing due appreciation" is from 1670s.

n. 1 The state or characteristic of being just or fair. 2 The ideal of fairness, impartiality, etc., especially with regard to the punishment of wrongdoing. 3 judgment and punishment of a party who has allegedly wronged another. 4 The civil power dealing with law. 5 A judge of certain courts. Also capitalized as a title. 6 correctness, conforming to reality or rules.

1. n. the quality of being just or fair [syn: justness] [ant: injustice]

2. the administration of law; the act of determining rights and assigning rewards or punishments; "justice deferred is justice denied" [syn: judicature]

3. a public official authorized to decide questions bought before a court of justice [syn: judge, jurist, magistrate]

4. the United States federal department responsible for enforcing federal laws (including the enforcement of all civil rights legislation); created in 1870 [syn: Department of Justice, Justice Department, DoJ]

JUSTICE is a human rights and law reform organisation based in the United Kingdom. It is the British section of the International Commission of Jurists, the international human rights organisation of lawyers devoted to the legal protection of human rights worldwide. Consequently, members of JUSTICE are predominantly barristers and solicitors, judges, legal academics, and law students.

JUSTICE is independent and all-party - having representatives of the three major political parties on its ruling Council. It is a registered charity, number 1058580.

JUSTICE's director is Andrea Coomber, and the chair of JUSTICE Council is Baroness Kennedy of the Shaws QC.

The Justice ( Armenian: Արդարություն, Ardarutyun) is a progressive electoral coalition in Armenia. At the elections of 25 May 2003, Ardarutyun won 13.6% of popular votes and 14 out of 131 seats. It is the third largest group in parliament, but the second largest in terms of share of the vote.

Category:Political parties in Armenia Category:Political party alliances in Armenia

Justice ( 2002) is a short film by director Yukisada Isao. It stars Tsumabuki Satoshi as Tojo, Christian Storms as Mr. Robert, Ayase Haruka as Hoshi, and Arai Hirofumi as Itadaki. The movie was released by Sega/Amuse as part of the Jam Films collection.

Justice is the philosophical concept of the morally correct assignment of goods and evils.

Justice may also refer to:

• Justice (virtue), one of the four cardinal virtues
• Criminal justice
• Distributive justice
• Global justice
• Justice (economics)
• Retributive justice
• Social justice

"Justice" is the eighth episode of the first season of the American science fiction television series Star Trek: The Next Generation. The episode first aired in broadcast syndication on November 9, 1987. Directed by James L. Conway, writer John D. F. Black originally pitched the story, but after Worley Thorne and Gene Roddenberry modified it, Thorne wrote the script. Because of the changes to the story, Black chose to receive his credit under the pseudonym Ralph Wills.

Set in the 24th century, the series follows the adventures of the Starfleet crew of the Federation starship Enterprise-D. In this episode, Wesley Crusher ( Wil Wheaton) is sentenced to death after inadvertently breaking the law on an alien planet. Captain Jean-Luc Picard ( Patrick Stewart) must deal with the powerful and mysterious protector of the planet while deliberating whether to violate the Prime Directive to save Wesley's life.

This was the first episode of The Next Generation to feature multiple shots filmed on location, with scenes filmed in Van Nuys, Los Angeles, and the Huntington Library in Pasadena, California. "Justice" was the second most viewed episode of the first season, with 12.7 million viewers. The episode received a mostly negative response, with critics pointing to issues with the quality of the acting and the predictability of the plot.

Justice is a Major Arcana Tarot card, numbered either VIII or XI, depending on the deck. This card is used in game playing as well as in divination.

Justice is one of the four cardinal virtues in classical European philosophy and Roman Catholicism. It is the moderation or mean between selfishness and selflessness - between having more and having less than one's fair share.

Justice is closely related, in Christianity, to the practice of Charity (virtue) because it regulates the relationships with others. It is a cardinal virtue, which is to say "pivotal" because it regulates all such relationships, and is sometimes deemed the most important of the cardinal virtues.

Justice is a twelve-issue American comic book limited series published bimonthly by DC Comics from August 2005 through June 2007, written by Alex Ross and Jim Krueger, with art also by Ross and Doug Braithwaite. Its story involves the superhero team known as the Justice League of America confronting the supervillain team the Legion of Doom, after every supervillain is motivated by a shared dream that seems to be a vision of the planet's destruction which they intend to avoid.

"Justice" is the third episode of science fiction sitcom Red Dwarf Series IV and the twenty-first episode in the series run. It was first broadcast on the British television channel BBC2 on 28 February 1991; although it was planned to be broadcast as the second episode, it was moved back in the schedule by the BBC. Written by Rob Grant and Doug Naylor, and directed by Ed Bye, the episode features the crew's visit to a high-tech prison where Rimmer is charged with the death of the Red Dwarf crew.

Justice is a Contemporary Christian Music album by Steve Camp and was released by Sparrow Records near the end of 1988. Camp had begun to put more emphasis publicly on issues not normally addressed in evangelical Christian circles. This album is best known for featuring his version of the song "Do You Feel Their Pain", which featured him singing alongside BeBe Winans, the provocatively titled "Don't Tell Them Jesus Loves Them" ("...till you're ready to love them too..."), and Larry Norman's "Great American Novel".

Justice (John Roger Tensen) is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. The character appeared in the New Universe imprint of Marvel Comics, the protagonist of a 32-issue comic book series of the same name published from 1986 to 1989. Most of its run was written by Peter David and penciled by Lee Weeks, though it also featured rare 1980s Marvel work from Keith Giffen. David later reintroduced Justice as a supporting character in Spider-Man 2099, a series with a very different setting. This version of the character, also known as the Net Prophet, was older and had different powers.

In 2007, the New Universe concepts were also revived, in a modified form, as a single-title ongoing series, newuniversal. A new version of John Tensen is one of the main characters featured in that series and two other characters with 'Justice' powers have also appeared.

This is a different character than the Justice of Marvel's standard Marvel Universe continuity, belonging instead as per the Official Handbook of the Marvel Universe: Alternate Universes 2005 to Earth-148611 (the New Universe).

Justice is an American legal drama produced by Jerry Bruckheimer that aired on Fox in the USA and CTV in Canada. The series also aired on Warner Channel in Latin America, Nine Network in Australia, and on TV2 In New Zealand.

It first was broadcast on Wednesdays at 9:00 but, due to low ratings, it was rescheduled to Mondays at 9:00, in the hope viewers of the hit series Prison Break would stay tuned. On November 13, 2006, the show was put on hiatus, but two days later the network announced it was shifting it to Fridays at 8:00 to replace the canceled Vanished.

Fourteen episodes of the series were ordered, of which 13 episodes were produced. Twelve of the episodes of Justice have aired in the United States with the final episode airing in Mexico, the UK and Germany.

Not to be confused with the American hip hop emcee Just-Ice.

Justice (stylised as Jus†ice) is a French electronic music duo consisting of Gaspard Augé and Xavier de Rosnay. The duo is the most successful group on Ed Banger Records and is managed by the label's head, Pedro Winter. Justice is known for incorporating a strong rock and indie influence into its music and image.

The band's debut album † was released in June 2007 to critical acclaim. The album was later nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Electronic/Dance Album and came in at number 15 on Pitchfork's Top 50 Albums of 2007 and number 18 on Blender's "25 Best Albums of 2007" list. It was nominated for the 2007 Shortlist Prize, losing out to The Reminder by Feist. The band's remix of the MGMT song " Electric Feel" won the Grammy Award for Best Remixed Recording, Non-Classical in 2009.

In September 2009, it was announced that Justice would be moving to WMG/Atlantic's newly relaunched Elektra Records label. The band reportedly started to work on its second album in mid-2010. The first single entitled " Civilization" was released on 28 March 2011. The band released its second album, Audio, Video, Disco, on 24 October 2011. Their newest release came out on 7 May 2013, a live album titled Access All Arenas.

Justice was the weekly newspaper of the Social Democratic Federation (SDF) in the United Kingdom.

The SDF was originally called the Democratic Federation until January 1884. With the name change, the organisation launched the newspaper.1 Many issues appeared with the by-line "Organ of the Social Democracy".

The paper was initially edited by C. L. Fitzgerald, and later by H. M. Hyndman, Henry Hyde Champion, Ernest Belfort Bax, then Harry Quelch for many years, and finally Henry W. Lee. It attempted to present scientific ideas in a serious fashion, featuring work by William Morris, Peter Kropotkin, Edward Aveling and Alfred Russel Wallace.

When the SDF formed the British Socialist Party, it became the official journal of that organisation, but in 1916, the group around Justice split away to form the National Socialist Party. The paper then became the organ of that party, which soon joined the Labour Party and renamed itself as the "Social Democratic Federation" again. In 1925, Justice was renamed the Social Democrat and became a monthly publication, edited by William Sampson Cluse until its demise in 1933.

"Justice" is the second solo single from Edinburgh musician Paul Haig. Released in 1983 in the UK by Island Records. Recorded in New York and produced by Alex Sadkin.

Justice is a 1993 German-language film directed by Hans W. Geißendörfer. It was an international co-production between Germany and Switzerland. Based on the 1985 novel The Execution of Justice by Friedrich Dürrenmatt, the film was chosen as Germany's official submission to the 66th Academy Awards for Best Foreign Language Film, but did not manage to receive a nomination.

Justice is the third studio album by the rock band Rev Theory, released on February 15, 2011 by Interscope Records. The first single, also titled "Justice," was released to iTunes and radio on October 25, 2010. Justice peaked at #5 in Billboard Hard Rock Albums chart and #75 in the Billboard 200. The album has sold 54,000 copies in the United States to date. The song Justice was used for WWE's Extreme Rules (2011). The song Hangman was used for the secondary theme song for WWE's SmackDown from 2009 to 2012.

Justice in economics is a subcategory of welfare economics with models frequently representing the ethical-social requirements of a given theory, whether "in the large," as of a just social order, or "in the small," as in the equity of "how institutions distribute specific benefits and burdens." That theory may or may not elicit acceptance. In the Journal of Economic Literature classification codes 'justice' is scrolled to at JEL: D63, wedged on the same line between ' Equity' and ' Inequality' along with 'Other Normative Criteria and Measurement'. Categories above and below the line are Externalities and Altruism.

Some ideas about justice and ethics overlap with the origins of economic thought, often as to distributive justice and sometimes as to Marxian analysis. The subject is a topic of normative economics and philosophy and economics. In early welfare economics, where mentioned, 'justice' was little distinguished from maximization of all individual utility functions or a social welfare function. As to the latter, Paul Samuelson (1947), expanding on work of Abram Bergson, represents a social welfare function in general terms as any ethical belief system required to order any (hypothetically feasible) social states for the entire society as "better than," "worse than," or "indifferent to" each other. Kenneth Arrow (1963) showed a difficulty of trying to extend a social welfare function consistently across different hypothetical ordinal utility functions even apart from justice. Utility maximization survives, even with the rise of ordinal-utility/ Pareto theory, as an ethical basis for economic-policy judgments in the wealth-maximization criterion invoked in law and economics.

Amartya Sen (1970),Amartya K. Sen, 1970 [1984]. Collective Choice and Social Welfare (description):

ch. 9, "Equity and Justice," pp. 131-51. ch. 9*, "Impersonality and Collective Quasi-Orderings," pp. 152-160. Kenneth Arrow (1983), Serge-Christophe Kolm (1969, 1996, 2000),• Serge-Christophe Kolm, 1969. "The Optimal Production of Social Justice," in J. Margolis and H. Guitton (eds.), Public Economics, Macmillan.
• _____, 1996. Modern Theories of Justice. Description and scroll to chapter-preview links. MIT Press.
• _____, [1972] 2000. Justice and Equity. Description & scroll to chapter-preview MIT Press.

and others have considered ways in which utilitarianism as an approach to justice is constrained or challenged by independent claims of equality in the distribution of primary goods, liberty, entitlements, opportunity, exclusion of antisocial preferences, possible capabilities, and fairness as non-envy plus Pareto efficiency. Alternate approaches have treated combining concern for the worst off with economic efficiency, the notion of personal responsibility and (de)merits of leveling individual benefits downward, claims of intergenerational justice, and other non- welfarist/Pareto approaches. Justice is a subarea of social choice theory, for example as to extended sympathy, and more generally in the work of Arrow, Sen,• Amartya K. Sen, 1970 [1984]. Collective Choice and Social Welfare (description):

ch. 9, "Equity and Justice," pp. 131-51. ch. 9*, "Impersonality and Collective Quasi-Orderings," pp. 152-160.
• _____, 1977. "Social Choice Theory: A Re-Examination," Econometrica, 45(1), pp. 53-88.
• _____, [1987] 2008. "justice," The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics, 2nd Edition.
• _____, 2009. The Idea of Justice, Harvard University Press. Description and scroll to Table of Contents, preview, back-cover comments of Hilary Putnam, Kenneth Arrow, Philippe Van Parijs, and G. A. Cohen, and a guide to reviews. and others.

A broad reinterpretation of justice from the perspective of game theory, social contract theory, and evolutionary naturalism is found in works of Ken Binmore (1994, 1998, 2004) and others. Arguments on fairness as an aspect of justice have been invoked to explain a wide range of behavioral and theoretical applications,supplementing earlier emphasis on economic efficiency (Konow, 2003).

Justice is an NBC half-hour drama television series about attorneys of the Legal Aid Society of New York, which aired from April 8, 1954 to March 25, 1956. In the 1954-1955 season, Justice starred Dane Clark as Richard Adams and Gary Merrill as Jason Tyler. In the 1955-1956 season, William Prince replaced Clark in the role of Richard Adams. Westbrook Van Voorhis (1903-1968) was the series narrator.

Justice is a British legal drama starring Robert Pugh as Judge Patrick Coburn. The first episode was originally broadcast on 4 April 2011 on BBC One.

Justice is a 1917 British silent crime film directed by Maurice Elvey and starring Gerald du Maurier, Hilda Moore, and Lilian Braithwaite. It was based on the 1910 play Justice by John Galsworthy. It has a survival status of unknown, which suggests that it is a lost film.

Justice, in comics, may refer to:

• Justice (DC Comics), a DC Comics limited series by Alex Ross and Jim Krueger
• Justice (New Universe), a Marvel Comics character and star of his own eponymous series in the New Universe imprint
• Justice, an alias used by the Marvel Comics character Vance Astrovik
• Justice, an Image Comics character, who is the son of SuperPatriot and, with his sister, one half of Liberty & Justice
• Kris Justice, a comics artist

It may also refer to:

• Justice, Inc., two DC Comics series based on the character The Avenger
• Justice League, a DC Comics superhero team who had a number of spin-offs:
  • Justice League International
  • Justice League Europe
  • Justice League Elite
  • Justice League Task Force (comics)
  • Justice League Quarterly
  • Extreme Justice
  • Justice Leagues
  • Young Justice
• Justice Guild of America, a superhero team featured in the Justice League animated series two-part episode Legends
• Justice Lords, an antihero superhero team featured in the two-part Justice League episode, "A Better World"
• Justice Machine, a superhero team who were published through the 1980s and 1990s by a number of companies
• Justice Riders, a DC Comics comic book placing the Justice League in the Old West as part of the Elseworlds imprint
• Justice Society of America, a DC Comics superhero team
• Lady Justice (comics), a title created by Neil Gaiman
• Sentinels of Justice, an Americomics (AC Comics) superhero team
• Squadron of Justice, two Fawcett Comics (later DC Comics) superhero teams

Justice is a British drama television series which originally aired on ITV in 39 hour-long episodes between 8 August 1971 and 16 October 1974. Margaret Lockwood stars as Harriet Peterson a female barrister in the North of England. It was made by Yorkshire Television and was based loosely on Justice Is a Woman, an episode of ITV Playhouse broadcast in 1969 in which Lockwood had previously also played a barrister. The theme music was Crown Imperial by William Walton.

Justice was a 1910 crime play by the British writer John Galsworthy. It was part of a campaign to improve conditions in British prisons.

Winston Churchill attended an early performance of the play at the Duke of York's Theatre in London.

In research ethics, justice is the fair selection of research participants. Justice is the ideal distribution of risks and benefits when scientists conducting clinical research are recruiting volunteer research participants to participate in clinical trials. The concept gives guidelines on how scientific objectives and not membership in either a privileged or vulnerable population should determine which members of which communities should meet inclusion criteria to participate in research in order to most equitably share the risks and benefits of the research.

Justice is the twelfth studio album by American southern rock band Molly Hatchet, released in 2010 (see 2010 in music).

Justice is a 1994 statue by Diana K. Moore. The statue, the large blindfolded head of the Greek titaness Themis, is currently located in the courtyard in front of the Martin Luther King, Jr. Federal Courthouse at the Government Center in Newark, New Jersey. The statue was commissioned through the General Services Administration's Art in Architecture program in 1991. Justice is tall, wide, long, and made of cast concrete.

Moore drew inspiration from the traditions of " Khmer pieces from Cambodia, Etruscan, early Greek, and Egyptian figures", the colossal head of Constantine the Great, African masks, Olmec statues, and Eastern motifs such as the figure of Buddha.

A poem written by Mark Strand, the 1991 Poet Laureate of the United States is carved around the base of the statue.

Justice, born Lauren Justice, is an American female pop recording artist.

Justice is a 1914 British silent crime film directed by Frank Wilson and starring Alec Worcester, Alma Taylor and Stewart Rome.

Justice is the twelfth studio album by Japanese pop rock band Glay, released simultaneously with Guilty on January 23, 2013. It reached #1 on Oricon charts, #86 at their 2013 year-end chart and #1 at the Billboard Japan Top Albums chart. Both albums mark the second release of the band under their own label "Loversoul Music & Associates".

The album was released in two formats: a regular edition containing the CD only, and a limited edition containing the CD and a DVD with a special program called RX-72 -Justice Edition- (hosted by the band's lead guitarist Hisashi and Mogi Junichi). The program features episodes from the album recording and dialogue. There are also some tracks from their concert held at Zepp DiverCity on December 10, 2012. A similar DVD was released with Guilty.

The track "Mahiru no Tsuki no Shizukesa ni" was used as the theme song for the movie Sogen no Isu.