What is "inversion"

Inversion \In*ver"sion\, n. [L. inversio: cf. F. inversion. See Invert.]

1. The act of inverting, or turning over or backward, or the state of being inverted.

2. A change by inverted order; a reversed position or arrangement of things; transposition.

   It is just the inversion of an act of Parliament; your lordship first signed it, and then it was passed among the Lords and Commons.
   --Dryden.

3. (Mil.) A movement in tactics by which the order of companies in line is inverted, the right being on the left, the left on the right, and so on.

4. (Math.) A change in the order of the terms of a proportion, so that the second takes the place of the first, and the fourth of the third.

5. (Geom.) A peculiar method of transformation, in which a figure is replaced by its inverse figure. Propositions that are true for the original figure thus furnish new propositions that are true in the inverse figure. See Inverse figures, under Inverse.

6. (Gram.) A change of the usual order of words or phrases; as, ``of all vices, impurity is one of the most detestable,'' instead of, ``impurity is one of the most detestable of all vices.''

7. (Rhet.) A method of reasoning in which the orator shows that arguments advanced by his adversary in opposition to him are really favorable to his cause.

8. (Mus.)

   1. Said of intervals, when the lower tone is placed an octave higher, so that fifths become fourths, thirds sixths, etc.

   2. Said of a chord, when one of its notes, other than its root, is made the bass.

   3. Said of a subject, or phrase, when the intervals of which it consists are repeated in the contrary direction, rising instead of falling, or vice versa.

   4. Said of double counterpoint, when an upper and a lower part change places.

9. (Geol.) The folding back of strata upon themselves, as by upheaval, in such a manner that the order of succession appears to be reversed.

10. (Chem.) The act or process by which cane sugar (sucrose), under the action of heat and acids or enzymes (as diastase), is broken or split up into grape sugar (dextrose), and fruit sugar (levulose); also, less properly, the process by which starch is converted into grape sugar (dextrose).

    Note: The terms invert and inversion, in this sense, owe their meaning to the fact that the plane of polarization of light, which is rotated to the right by cane sugar, is turned toward the left by levulose.

11. (Meteorology) A reversal of the usual temperature gradient of the atmosphere, in which the temperature increases with increased altitude, rather than falling. Called also temperature inversion.

    Note: This condition in the vicinity of cities can give rise to a severe episode of atmospheric pollution, as it inhibits normal circulation of the air.

12. (Electricity) The conversion of direct current into alternating current; the inverse of rectification. See inverted rectifier.

13. (Genetics) A portion of the genome in which the DNA has been turned around, and runs in a direction opposite to its normal direction, and consequently the genes are present in the reverse of their usual order.

1550s, from Latin inversionem (nominative inversio) "an inversion," noun of action from past participle stem of invertere (see invert).

n. 1 the action of inverting 2 being upside down, in an inverted state 3 being in a reverse sequence, in an inverted state 4 (context music English) 5 # The move of one pitch in an interval up or down an octave. 6 # The reversal of an interval. 7 # The reversal of the pitch contour. 8 # The reversal of a pitch class succession, such as a contrapuntal line or melody. 9 # The subtraction of pitch classes in a set from twelve, which maps intervals onto their complements with respect to 0, and preserves interval classes, symbolized IX (X being the transposition that is inverted.). 10 (context genetics English) a segment of DNA in the context of a chromosome that is reversed in orientation relative to a reference karyotype or genome 11 (context weather English) An increase of air temperature with increase in altitude (the ground being colder than the surrounding air). When an inversion exists, there are no convection currents and wind speeds are below 5 knots. The atmosphere is stable and normally is considered the most favorable state for ground release of chemical agents. 12 (context grammar English) deviation from standard word order by putting the predicate before the subject. It takes place in questions with auxiliary verbs and in normal, affirmative clauses beginning with a negative particle, for the purpose of emphasis.

1. n. the layer of air near the earth is cooler than an overlying layer

2. abnormal condition in which an organ is turned inward or inside out (as when the upper part of the uterus is pulled into the cervical canal after childbirth)

3. a chemical process in which the direction of optical rotation of a substance is reversed from dextrorotatory to levorotary or vice versa

4. (genetics) a kind of mutation in which the order of the genes in a section of a chromosome is reversed

5. the reversal of the normal order of words [syn: anastrophe]

6. (counterpoint) a variation of a melody or part in which ll ascending intervals are replaced by descending intervals and vice versa

7. a term formerly used to mean taking on the gender role of the opposite sex [syn: sexual inversion]

8. turning upside down; setting on end [syn: upending]

9. the act of turning inside out [syn: eversion, everting]

Inversion or inversions may refer to:

In music theory, the word inversion has several meanings. There are inverted chords, inverted melodies, inverted intervals, and (in counterpoint) inverted voices. The concept of inversion also plays a role in musical set theory.

In computer science and discrete mathematics, an inversion is a pair of places of a sequence where the elements on these places are out of their natural order.

Inversion is a third-person shooter video game developed by Saber Interactive and published by Namco Bandai Games for Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360. It was released on June 5, 2012 in North America, July 12, 2012 in Australia and on July 13, 2012 in Europe for PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360. It was later released for Microsoft Windows on June 8, 2012 in Europe, July 12, 2012 in Australia and July 26, 2012 in North America. It features gravity manipulation and destructible environments.

Inversion is a 2016 Iranian film directed by Behnam Behzadi. It was screened in the Un Certain Regard section at the 2016 Cannes Film Festival.

In meteorology, an inversion is a deviation from the normal change of an atmospheric property with altitude. It almost always refers to a "temperature inversion", i.e. an increase in temperature with height, or to the layer ("inversion layer") within which such an increase occurs.

An inversion can lead to pollution such as smog being trapped close to the ground, with possible adverse effects on health. An inversion can also suppress convection by acting as a "cap". If this cap is broken for any of several reasons, convection of any moisture present can then erupt into violent thunderstorms. Temperature inversion can notoriously result in freezing rain in cold climates.

In structural geology inversion or basin inversion relates to the relative uplift of a sedimentary basin or similar structure as a result of crustal shortening. This normally excludes uplift developed in the footwalls of later extensional faults, or uplift caused by mantle plumes. "Inversion" can also refer to individual faults, where an extensional fault is reactivated in the opposite direction to its original movement.

The term negative inversion is also occasionally used to describe the reactivation of reverse faults and thrusts during extension.

The term "inversion" simply refers to the fact that a relatively low-lying area is uplifted — the rock sequence itself is not normally inverted.

In linguistics, inversion is any of several grammatical constructions where two expressions switch their canonical order of appearance, that is, they invert. The most frequent type of inversion in English is subject–auxiliary inversion in which an auxiliary verb changes places with its subject; it often occurs in questions, such as Are you coming?, with the subject you is switched with the auxiliary are. In many other languages, especially those with a freer word order than English, inversion can take place with a variety of verbs (not just auxiliaries) and with other syntactic categories as well.

When a layered constituency-based analysis of sentence structure is used, inversion often results in the discontinuity of a constituent, but that would not be the case with a flatter dependency-based analysis. In that regard, inversion has consequences similar to those of shifting.

In evolutionary developmental biology, inversion refers to the hypothesis that during the course of animal evolution, the structures along the dorsoventral (DV) axis have taken on an orientation opposite that of the ancestral form. As early as 1822, the French naturalist Étienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire noted that the organization of dorsal and ventral structures in arthropods is opposite that of mammals. Five decades later, in light of Darwin's theory of "descent with modification", German zoologist Anton Dohrn proposed that these groups arose from a common ancestor which possessed a body plan similar to that of modern annelids with a ventral nerve cord and dorsal heart. Whereas this arrangement is retained in arthropods and other protostomes, in chordate deuterostomes, the nerve cord is located dorsally and the heart ventrally. The inversion hypothesis was met with criticism each time it was proposed, and has periodically resurfaced and been rejected. However, some modern molecular embryologists suggest that recent findings support the idea of inversion.

Inversion was a 2005 artwork by sculptors Dan Havel and Dean Ruck of Houston Alternative Art.

Havel and Ruck altered two buildings owned by the Art League of Houston on the corner of Montrose Boulevard and Willard Street. The exterior skins of the houses were peeled off and used to create a large vortex that funneled into the small central hallway connecting the two buildings and eventually exited through a small hole into an adjacent courtyard. Inversion has become one of Houston’s most well-known, albeit vanished, sculptures. The structure was later demolished to make way for a new Art League building.

Art League Houston owned the two houses and had used them for art classes and exhibitions for over 30 years. The organisation commissioned Havel and Ruck to transform them into an artwork in demolition. The sculpture was opened on May 21, 2005, and was visible from Montrose Boulevard until its demolition the next month.

Years later, the artwork continues to be cited on design blogs.