I.nounCOLLOCATIONS FROM OTHER ENTRIES
additional costs/expenditure etc
▪ An additional charge is made on baggage exceeding the weight allowance.
an unnecessary expense/cost
▪ He thinks advertising is an unnecessary expense.
annual budget/income/cost etc
▪ a household with an annual income of $60,000
at no extra cost
▪ Residents can use the gym at no extra cost.
average cost
▪ The average cost of making a movie has risen by 15%.
be estimated to be/have/cost etc
▪ The tree is estimated to be at least 700 years old.
construction costs
▪ The total construction costs will reach £125 million.
cost a fortune (=be very expensive)
▪ It’ll cost a fortune if we go by taxi.
cost conscious
▪ Companies keen to increase their profits have to be cost conscious.
cost efficient (=costing or spending as little as possible)
▪ The larger a firm becomes the more cost efficient it can become.
cost lives/cost sb their life (=result in deaths/in someone’s death)
▪ That decision may have cost him his life.
cost lives/cost sb their life (=result in deaths/in someone’s death)
▪ That decision may have cost him his life.
cost money/cost a lot of money
▪ Good food doesn’t have to cost a lot of money.
cost money/cost a lot of money
▪ Good food doesn’t have to cost a lot of money.
cost of living
▪ Average wages have increased in line with the cost of living.
cost price
cost...a penny
▪ It didn’t cost me a penny.
cost...a pound
▪ The grapes cost $2 a pound.
cost...dearly
▪ The weakness in their defense has already cost them dearly this season.
cost/spend/pay a small fortune
▪ It must have cost him a small fortune.
court costs
▪ You could be ordered to pay court costs.
cover...costs
▪ Airlines are raising fares to cover the rising costs of fuel.
cut costs (=reduce the amount you spend running a business, a home etc)
▪ They cut costs by getting rid of staff.
fixed costs
fuel costs/prices
▪ The increase in fuel costs is severely affecting pensioners.
funeral expenses/costs
incur expenses/costs/losses/debts etc
▪ If the council loses the appeal, it will incur all the legal costs.
▪ the heavy losses incurred by airlines since September 11th
indirect cost
labour costs
▪ There was pressure to keep down labour costs.
operating costs
▪ They were trying to reduce operating costs.
pay/charge/cost etc extra
▪ I earn extra for working on Sunday.
production costs/facilities/processes etc
▪ high-tech production methods
running costs
shoulder the cost
▪ The government has decided to shoulder the extra cost itself.
spillover effect/benefit/cost
▪ The weak European economy will have a spillover effect on the US dollar.
split the cost
▪ We agreed to split the cost.
the true cost of sth
▪ The fixed prescription charge conceals from the general public the true cost of medicines.
transport costs
▪ We must ensure that transport costs are kept low.
travel expenses/costs
▪ They offered to pay my travel expenses.
trim costs
▪ We need to trim costs by £500m.
COLLOCATIONS FROM CORPUS
■ ADJECTIVE
additional
▪ If many paths pick up additional cost at each expansion, then the cost of a path will increase with its length.
▪ These additional costs are of two kinds.
▪ The resultant saving in replacement parts and additional bagging costs was £20,000.
▪ Any regiments may swap their spears for halberds at an additional cost of +1 point per model.
▪ Any Mobs of wolf riders may be equipped with shields at an additional cost of +1 point per model.
▪ The additional cost of repairs in mid-Ulster and central Belfast will put severe strain on the Northern Ireland Office budget.
administrative
▪ Thirdly, in comparison with cash flow accounting, accruals adjustments demand a higher administrative and accounting cost.
▪ People will be compelled to spend the money on the truly needy recipients and not on administrative costs.
▪ Nevertheless contracting does incur greater administrative costs in the form of new accounting and information systems and staff.
▪ Only 10 to 15 percent goes toward administrative costs, which is certainly not exorbitant.
▪ There also may be additional administrative costs.
▪ Ten percent was allocated to administrative costs, and the remaining 20 percent for human service programs.
▪ Economies of scale and the use of computers were expected to reduce administrative costs.
▪ The sites shared administrative costs, selectors and a catalogue which included an illustration and biographical details for each artist.
annual
▪ At 30 dollars a barrel we have a total annual fuel cost of 4. 82 billion dollars.
▪ If this were paid for over 20 years at 10 percent interest, the annual cost would be £1200.
▪ In 1995, the annual cost of this extensive program was $ 987, 000.
▪ The annual cost is estimated at $ 310m.
▪ The average annual cost of use of the drugs is estimated at $ 15, 000.
▪ The Ulster Hospital will foot the annual £100,000 annual running costs.
▪ The merged company hopes to cut $ 800 million in annual operating costs.
average
▪ But when the average cost curve is falling the marginal cost curve lies below average cost.
▪ The goal would be in conjunction with a goal to freeze average product-development costs at Ford at 1995 levels.
▪ The price in column 4 is simply 20 percent on the corresponding average cost from year 2 onwards.
▪ This marginal cost will, of course, also increase the average cost, but the average cost will increase more slowly.
▪ The average cost of recording a pop single was in thousands rather than hundreds of pounds.
▪ In a similar way we can first examine ray average costs and returns to scale along a ray.
▪ The average cost of capital is primarily of interest in capital structure management.
environmental
▪ In many cases, both the minimisation of environmental impact and cost savings compared with previous practice have been achieved.
▪ Foes, in addition, worry about the environmental cost.
▪ This clearly implies that the full environmental costs of mining operations should be borne by the operator.
▪ Social and environmental costs Much has been written on the social and environmental costs of opencast coal.
▪ Planning can include social and environmental costs. 2.
▪ Moreover, countries should price fuels to reflect their full costs, including environmental costs.
▪ In a free market, polluting coal-fired power stations and unpopular nuclear ones should be less competitive because of rising environmental costs.
extra
▪ It was held that the refusal was unreasonable because the employers had agreed to pay the extra travelling costs.
▪ Access, at extra cost, to e-mail and the Internet or to instant information like sports results or stock data.
▪ Should not the regulator ensure that the extra costs for higher cost plant are not passed to consumers?
▪ But we also recognise that all families face extra costs in bringing up children.
▪ If you are under 60 when the advance is made your life is insured at no extra cost.
▪ This can be supplemented by written exercises which will be computer assessed at an extra cost of £15.
▪ Step 2: Deduct extra costs, time and resources incurred owing to claimable events from the contract model.
▪ A slight extension of those bands could ease the extra cost that might be brought about by improvements.
full
▪ So far the Government have not even given a commitment to reimburse the full cost of that.
▪ If New York State was being asked to pay the full cost, why not Ontario?
▪ If you don't qualify for a voucher you will have to pay the full cost of the glasses yourself.
▪ The fees charged on this scale represent the full economic cost of tuition for each degree.
▪ However, not all packages cover the full cost.
▪ The term fee is usually used to mean a payment that covers the full cost of the service provided.
▪ If you are booking within 8 weeks of departure you must pay the full cost of your holiday immediately.
▪ The developer will normally bear the full cost of the supply.
high
▪ At the same time, a combination of high costs and cutthroat pricing is driving out manufacturers of computing and communications hardware.
▪ It should be noted that the shorter the lending period, the higher the cost of missed discounts.
▪ All high cost drugs are already rationed in hospitals through drug and therapeutics committees and clinical pharmacy services.
▪ Cirrus also was saddled with higher operating costs than other companies, in part because it had grown so fast.
▪ Profit margins have generally been squeezed by the higher cost of imports, said Trade Indemnity spokeswoman Barbara Bennett.
▪ It blamed lower holiday sales, crimped gross margin, stormy weather and higher costs.
▪ The lack of such participants has been aggravated over the years by high commission costs and clearing fees.
▪ The recession, inflation, and high food costs caused rapid growth in the number of food co-ops.
legal
▪ The prince's solicitors said the $ 4m was intended to be used to pay Aitken's legal costs.
▪ The firm then reimbursed the fund for the $ 200, 000 it had received from the fund for legal costs.
▪ Usually, the successful party is awarded legal costs against the loser.
▪ Taft said Simpson has been liquidating assets to pay bills including taxes, legal costs, and business and household expenses.
▪ The Halifax, Coventry and Portman will pay basic legal costs and give a free valuation.
▪ He spent $ 2 million on legal and accounting costs.
▪ But the magistrate awarded De Pace £800 compensation for anxiety and sleepless nights, £74 for dental bills and £640 legal costs.
▪ This is less odd than it looks: it pays creditors to avoid the delays and legal costs of chapter 11.
low
▪ This illustrates the importance of providing investors with products that meet their requirements at low costs.
▪ The company negotiates lower drug costs with pharmacies for health maintenance organizations, whose stock were generally lower today.
▪ Some methods of treatment require plants that cost more than others. whereas some processes may have much lower running costs.
▪ Another reason some producers like docudramas is their low cost.
▪ The second main phase of programmed instruction became feasible with the development of low cost computing.
▪ By polluting, that is, by creating spillover costs, the firm enjoys lower production costs and the supply curve 5.
▪ And it is with fonts that the low cost desktop publishing system really does have problems.
▪ Third was the development of a vast body of knowledge within the industry of how to retail food efficiently at low cost.
marginal
▪ There is a case for government intervention to make sure marginal social cost and marginal social benefit are equated.
▪ And a difference between price and marginal cost can make behavior very different from that in a perfectly competitive model.
▪ But when the average cost curve is falling the marginal cost curve lies below average cost.
▪ Pricing at marginal cost might equate marginal cost and benefit but would entail losses.
▪ For example, an input may be priced at above marginal cost in a situation where there are variable proportions in production.
▪ To sum up, prices should be set at short-run marginal cost.
▪ If we can measure the marginal cost directly, we can infer the implicit marginal benefit from saving life through that activity.
▪ Any new in-house benefits an employer provides should be computed on a marginal cost basis.
rising
▪ Local communities are often unwilling to reflect rising costs of waste management in higher local taxation.
▪ Though the format has had to be changed because of rising costs, the event was nevertheless a great success.
▪ They feel pinched by rising costs in repairs and housing.
▪ In some cases, a low income is not keeping pace with the rising cost of food.
▪ The rubbish companies run into other problems as they try to push through the higher charges justified by their rising costs.
▪ Their profits are weakening thanks to tougher competition, loan write-offs and a rising cost of funds.
▪ The purpose of these calculations has been to demonstrate that rising average cost is consistent with natural monopoly.
▪ The rising costs of warfare by the late thirteenth century were a reason for fiscal innovations.
running
▪ Would that count as a track cost or a running cost?
▪ Here, the university provides premises for a social centre For the graduates; the Manpower Services Commission provides the running costs.
▪ Does the private cultural foundation cover the running costs of the museum for the next ten years?
▪ Schemes Since that time, more than £1.51m has been spent on crime-fighting schemes, with running costs adding a further £100,000-a-year.
▪ Likewise, you may be able to cut the running costs, for example with insulation.
▪ The only qualification is being able to afford a Ferrari and its running costs.
▪ Expensive repairs Frank Wood reported on the general running costs of buildings and land.
▪ Assume also that running costs are financed with credit until receipts are received.
social
▪ Marginal social cost and marginal social benefit would then be equated at the point E *;.
▪ If the social benefits outweigh the social costs, the constraint involved will be worthwhile.
▪ Thus, beyond a certain point the marginal social benefit of further risk reduction will exceed the marginal social cost.
▪ With no production externality, marginal private cost and marginal social cost coincide.
▪ They cited an inadequate environmental impact study, high social costs, and dangers to health.
▪ And in this case the workers engaged in the production of luxury goods should now be seen as a social cost.
▪ These procedures are essentially intended to assess the social costs of school reorganization.
▪ For these reasons, the precise extent of the social cost of monopoly remains a subject of continuing controversy.
total
▪ In her day cream was 1s. per pint and she estimated the total cost of her trifle at 5s. 6d.
▪ The difference is that he would pay the total premium costs to Medicare and leave out Medigap.
▪ Initially, you only need five hundred records, the total cost of which can be less than £500.
▪ How would the total costs differ? 5.
▪ The three bodies last year put up a total of £245,000 of the event's total cost of more than £300,000.
▪ Substituting Equations 1 and 2 into Equation 5 allows total cost to be expressed as a function of Q: 6.
▪ If successfully claimed, 50 percent of the total costs of the training would be refunded by Grampian Enterprise.
▪ A base spokesman said the total cost of relocating personnel and planes this summer will run as high as $ 3 million.
true
▪ Compare carefully the costs of these link ups with the true costs of bringing people together physically.
▪ Once they expose the true cost of their subsidies, elected officials often decide that some are inappropriate.
▪ The true cost of allowing unfettered insider dealing has become less important than what people think the true costs to be.
▪ Meanwhile, economists argue about whether the true cost of healthcare has even gone down under managed care.
▪ If drivers paid the true costs of road use, they might switch to less congested times, or make fewer journeys.
▪ Pondering these questions will help us to evaluate its true benefits and costs.
▪ The true cost of allowing unfettered insider dealing has become less important than what people think the true costs to be.
■ NOUN
labour
▪ The reduction in labour costs has certainly been significant.
▪ Throughout the last two decades labour costs have increased, in general, more rapidly than end-product prices.
▪ Those firms within the Community which employ labour illicitly will reduce their labour costs and gain a competitive advantage in production.
▪ Actually, it is rather surprising that the labour cost hasn't gone up more, especially in view of the national rates.
▪ This has gone up in virtually the same proportion as the labour cost.
▪ Viable recycling depends on a happy coincidence of materials costs, labour costs and technology.
▪ Even opting out of the social chapter to undercut the core on labour costs will not ultimately compensate for complete isolation.
▪ The feasible real wage will be determined by, for example, unit labour costs and the mark up over unit labour costs.
production
▪ The firm's production cost will understate the true social cost and the good will be overproduced.
▪ According to the latest Pentagon estimate, each new F-22 could cost $ 198 million when development and production costs are calculated.
▪ Of course, the reduction in reports also leads to a lower administrative and production cost.
▪ Their already world-class development and production costs were lowered more.
▪ The total production cost is the sum of these two quantities, giving the line so marked.
▪ The ideal situation would be to recover the capital investment and the production costs and still make a reasonable profit.
▪ However, relative production costs in the two sectors are also an important influence.
▪ Nalco Chemical wanted to cut production costs.
■ VERB
add
▪ It adds to the cost of dividends and so to the cost of raising capital from shareholders.
▪ Now Miles calculates the tip for us and adds this to the cost of the meal.
▪ Electricity giants Powergen claim environmental protection measures demanded by Sefton Council will add £12m to the cost of the £40m project.
▪ For the elderly, Medicare HMOs offer prescription coverage and other extras at no added cost.
▪ The life wrapper itself adds another layer of costs to the underlying fund management charges.
▪ The extra expense would amount to $ 112, 320 a year in added fuel costs.
▪ For example, regulation may bring benefits in terms of consumer protection but add costs by making firms less competitive.
▪ Every unnecessary pound of steel meant several unnecessary dollars added to the cost.
bear
▪ And who will bear the cost?
▪ Such action forces potential offenders, under the threat of legal action, to bear all the costs associated with their production.
▪ The Legal Aid Fund bears the costs risk rather than the litigant.
▪ Instead, landowner Peter Dillingham will bear the cost.
▪ Could the slave-plantation economy bear the double cost of investing heavily in both mechanisation and slave workers?
▪ Retailers are in the immediate line of fire and were first to bear the brunt of cost cutting.
▪ For the moment, capital was bearing the costs of overaccumulation.
▪ The insured must bear the costs of the Engineers fees unless liability is subsequently established under the policy.
count
▪ Would that count as a track cost or a running cost?
▪ Remember the New Testament warning, before you undertake a project, be sure to count the cost.
▪ I sat and began to count the cost in dirhams, then dollars, then pounds to the boy's father.
▪ Meanwhile residents of Ewyas Harold have been counting the cost of yesterdays flooding.
▪ But many Cotswold traders are now counting the cost of a lost weekend.
▪ We count the cost when we are deprived of activities and things we enjoy.
▪ Left: Sinead counts the cost of caring.
▪ So count the cost of the holocaust Stand up and fight For peace.
cover
▪ This saving would easily cover the cost of adjusting cars which can not already run on unleaded petrol.
▪ The $ 1 million is intended just to cover the cost of closing the center.
▪ However, not all packages cover the full cost.
▪ Private placements can cover the costs of everything from paying off old debt to paying for a new factory.
▪ Does the private cultural foundation cover the running costs of the museum for the next ten years?
▪ Phoenix expects to incur a one-time charge of $ 1 million to cover severance and relocation costs associated with the move.
▪ But, in principle, an enterprise might be so inefficient that its revenues fail to cover even the cost of materials.
▪ Friday, Corrections Department spokeswoman Gloria Isaac said the agency had agreed to cover the costs.
cut
▪ You can often re-sell books and cut the original cost of purchase.
▪ They cut costs and became more productive.
▪ By the start of the 1980s, however, the company had cut its operating costs pretty much to the bone.
▪ If it proves successful, the device will dramatically cut the cost of battery power.
▪ In the past two years, the company has laid off at least 1, 500 employees to cut overhead costs.
▪ This will cut the cost of solar cells by more than half, and increase their ability to convert light to electricity.
▪ To cut costs, managed-care companies have squeezed prices at the pharmacy counter.
estimate
▪ In her day cream was 1s. per pint and she estimated the total cost of her trifle at 5s. 6d.
▪ Second and third children are estimated to cost 19. 6 percent and 38 percent less per child respectively.
▪ The Congressional Budget Office estimates the cost at a still jaw-dropping $ 50 billion a year.
▪ It will bear the brunt of the estimated $ 1 billion cost for the changes on Okinawa.
▪ And that is why estimating the cost of any action involving lawyers can be tricky.
▪ Production costs are estimated by using the cost structure in Figure 3.4.
▪ The estimated $ 6,500 cost of insulating the attic will be split three ways.
include
▪ The payment should include the cost of re-tiling any damaged tiles or tiles affected by the replacement items.
▪ This figure includes the cost of laying the pipeline and coal handling and storage cost.
▪ Dispute Mediation will offer fixed-price mediation to include the costs of administration, venue and mediator.
▪ Those figures include the cost of obtaining financing.
▪ The points values for characters do not include the cost of their magic items.
▪ Accommodations are not included and cost $ 79 a night, double.
▪ Research contracts should include costs for the provision of computing services wherever appropriate.
▪ Answer guide: The question here i6 what should be included as the cost of goods sold.
increase
▪ But increased short-term costs should result in overall savings in the longer term.
▪ Empowerment increases the opportunity costs of children, prompting later marriages and increasing the divorce rate, similarly lowering fertility.
▪ But such taxes would also increase the cost of capital for those countries which could least afford it.
▪ The polyester products maker attributed the forecast to weak world-wide demand that has lowered production volumes and increased manufacturing costs.
▪ It is said that they would increase the cost of petrol by 20p a gallon.
▪ This marginal cost will, of course, also increase the average cost, but the average cost will increase more slowly.
▪ He has put before the House an illustration of how the Labour party wants to increase the cost of national insurance.
▪ My husband is still trying to figure out where this money will come from after another round of increased government costs.
incur
▪ Nevertheless contracting does incur greater administrative costs in the form of new accounting and information systems and staff.
▪ During the quarter, Verio began to incur costs associated with the previously announced expansion of its hosting operations.
▪ Lack of mobility may mean that older people with disabilities have to incur the cost of private transport in order to get about.
▪ Such measures inevitably incur substantial costs which in turn increases the cost of crop production.
▪ Note 6: We concluded in Note 4 that department Z will not incur further variable overhead costs.
▪ Using a bank overdraft, would incur an interest cost, with tax capital allowances being available as above.
▪ Because of this possibility, shareholders will have to incur monitoring costs or agency costs to ensure that managers behave properly.
▪ An individual farmer can produce good farm-saved seed only by incurring costs very close to the price of certified seed.
meet
▪ Barnardo's had to draw £1.7 million from its reserves to meet costs.
▪ Alternatively, the prices could be adjusted somehow so that they met total costs.
▪ A steady income stream is required to meet the costs of the syndicated lending department.
▪ The company will meet launch costs of some £2.5 million.
▪ The cancer institute met the major costs of discovery, but Glaxo claims it is recovering costs.
▪ Many families now rely on a joint income to meet their living costs.
▪ National guarantees can not possibly take account of this variation, and standards can often only be met at a cost elsewhere.
▪ There is now some provision to meet the extra costs of the disability itself.
operate
▪ The first is by cutting operating costs, which have been rising faster than revenues.
▪ The regulation worked out so that the company provided local service at prices that failed to cover more than direct operating costs.
▪ But management seemed unperturbed, claiming that shareholders needed a stronger share price, which called for lower operating costs.
▪ Absenteeism, turnover, and operating costs were all high.
▪ Most combinations offered lower operating costs than the base case, but at the price of increased track maintenance charges.
▪ Now downtown and suburban churches pick up the $ 215, 000-a-year operating costs.
▪ But the high capital cost problem that prevented the installation of the relay towers has turned into an operating cost problem.
▪ By the start of the 1980s, however, the company had cut its operating costs pretty much to the bone.
pay
▪ However, the benefactor may have to pay the newspaper's costs if the latter is successful.
▪ Knight said such a situation would create an undue hardship for businesses that would have to pay the cost of health benefits.
▪ Companies will also be obliged to pay clean-up costs.
▪ C., than paying the added cost of having the entire entourage remain on the campaign trail overnight.
▪ The mortgagor had been ordered to pay the mortgagee's costs which had been taxed at £60.
▪ The member must pay for transaction costs, Nemeth said.
▪ Budapest Municipality will pay half the cost of fitting a converter, but many may prefer to upgrade to new cars.
▪ Backers of the stadium hope to pay much of the cost of the stadium by selling luxury suites and private seat licenses.
provide
▪ Various adjustments are made to allow for special circumstances affecting local costs of providing particular services.
▪ For a commodity like steel or water, the cost of providing this material from Earth is dominated by its launch cost.
▪ Read in studio A new meals on wheels scheme is being tested which could cut the cost of providing hot school dinners.
▪ The second part clarifies when employers may obtain tax relief for the costs of providing childcare assistance for their employees.
▪ How about the cost of providing police protection for 25, 000 people?
▪ It has been proved that Lothian has low bureaucratic costs and provides an above average standard of services at low cost.
▪ The most immediate and obvious impact on group medical plans will be an increased cost to employers to provide those plans.
reduce
▪ The Stock Exchange thus reduces the cost of capital to companies.
▪ The system is intended to emphasize preventive health care and reduce costs.
▪ Planned maintenance minimises unforeseen breakdowns, reduces machine running costs and ensures optimum machine availability.
▪ Customers are offered a greater range of destinations and flight times, while carriers can reduce capacity and share costs.
▪ In 1965 the Government of the day introduced corporation tax which reduced the cost of servicing debt.
▪ The timely provision of psychiatric care can dramatically reduce the use and costs of medical care for these patients.
▪ This helps to improve the exporters' cash flows and reduce overall debt administrative costs.
▪ The first is to increase the ease and reduce the cost of performing previously expensive, time-consuming tasks.
rise
▪ It is hoped that, by putting the contract out to competitive tender, efficiency will rise and costs will fall.
▪ Weak earnings, especially in the derivatives business, and rising costs led Standard&038;.
▪ In a free market, polluting coal-fired power stations and unpopular nuclear ones should be less competitive because of rising environmental costs.
▪ The Trotskyist movement has long advocated a sliding scale of wages to meet the rising cost of living.
▪ Increases of up to 50 percent on vehicle inspection rates signal further rises in cabbies' costs.
▪ Therefore, a higher product price is necessary to cover these rising costs.
▪ It was also argued that costs for small investors would rise.
▪ Clinton also wants to impose budget controls in case those market forces are out-muscled by rising costs.
PHRASES FROM OTHER ENTRIES
buy sth at the cost/expense/price of sth
cost a pretty penny
cost sb dear
cost/pay/charge the earth
▪ A well planned, well made kitchen that doesn't cost the earth.
▪ But ... but it must cost the earth.
▪ He would miss seeing Harry and, besides, a weekend at some hotel would cost the earth.
▪ In Coventry Sir William Lyons produced wonderful engineering and style-but he didn't believe his cars should cost the earth.
▪ It is possible to pay the earth for beauty products.
▪ It would cost the earth, but it had to be safer than Nigel's Aston Martin.
▪ This is a flexible, well-designed machine which produces quality prints and doesn't cost the earth to print them.
count the cost
▪ The school overspent on its budget last year, and now it's having to count the cost.
▪ We are now counting the cost of our earlier mistakes.
▪ As we wait at the station are we still counting the cost, and weighing consequences in the balance?
▪ But many Cotswold traders are now counting the cost of a lost weekend.
▪ I sat and began to count the cost in dirhams, then dollars, then pounds to the boy's father.
▪ Left: Sinead counts the cost of caring.
▪ Meanwhile residents of Ewyas Harold have been counting the cost of yesterdays flooding.
▪ Remember the New Testament warning, before you undertake a project, be sure to count the cost.
▪ So count the cost of the holocaust Stand up and fight For peace.
▪ We count the cost when we are deprived of activities and things we enjoy.
defray costs/expenses
▪ And they allow boat owners the chance to defray costs by chartering out their vessels through the club.
▪ Donations are welcome to defray expenses.
▪ The price of the ticket has been kept low and it is necessary to run raffles to defray expenses.
meet a debt/cost/expense etc
▪ Barnardo's had to draw £1.7 million from its reserves to meet costs.
mission/cost/grade etc creep
▪ It is a case of mission creep gone wildly over the top.
shoulder the responsibility/duty/cost/burden etc
▪ After the publicists, casting directors began to shoulder the burden.
▪ He failed to shoulder the responsibility, which Government should shoulder, for imposing the tax in the first place.
▪ I think everyone has got to shoulder the responsibility for defeat, not just Graham.
▪ It does indeed make those who require nursing care through no fault of their own shoulder the cost.
▪ Voice over Swindon is one of the eighties boom towns which has had to shoulder the burden of recession.
▪ Why, he asked, should the taxpayer shoulder the burden of expropriation?
the cost of living
total number/amount/cost etc
▪ Additional disk space is a dollar or two per megabyte per month, depending on total amount.
▪ Microcell bid only in southern Ontario for a total cost of $ 19.2-million.
▪ Multiply the number of widths by the number of pattern repeats per drop to give the total number of pattern repeats required.
▪ The total amount of contributions and tax paid by each employee is entered on the P35.
▪ The total cost has been several million pounds more than budgeted.
▪ The total number of jobless rose to 615, 830 from 609, 670.
▪ The total number of registered voters was 1,732,000 aged 16 and over.
EXAMPLES FROM OTHER ENTRIES
▪ £650,000 will be needed to cover the hospital's running costs during its first year.
▪ IBM is continuing to cut costs in an effort to be more competitive.
▪ If you lose the case, you will face substantial legal costs.
▪ Internet banking will considerably reduce the cost of doing business.
▪ Many old people have to live in poverty because of the steady rise in the cost of living.
▪ Medical care costs keep rising.
▪ The cost of electricity has fallen in the last twelve months.
▪ The high cost of health care in the US is causing a great deal of concern.
▪ War is never worth its cost in human life.
▪ We'll make sure you have the operation, whatever the cost.
▪ We will deliver and install your computer at no extra cost.
EXAMPLES FROM CORPUS
▪ A company hired to do telemarketing ups the cost to as much as 40 percent.
▪ A regular service contract is not expensive when compared to the cost of modern instruments and can provide great peace of mind.
▪ Bovard estimated a minimum of 10,000 volumes were flooded, at a replacement cost of $ 10 million.
▪ But increased short-term costs should result in overall savings in the longer term.
▪ Corporate Software Inc has developed an approach to the problem designed to minimise the cost.
▪ In general, however, they found that consumers took better care of appliances on hire purchase and that servicing costs were lower.
▪ In the budgeting process the firm should decide on what should be treated as profit centres and what as cost centres.
▪ This procedure, known as the capitalization of costs, also increases net income.
II.verbCOLLOCATIONS FROM CORPUS
■ ADVERB
about
▪ Exact price has not been set, but the 9540 is expected to cost about £20,000.
▪ The system costs about $ 35 million a year.
▪ Foam seats in three sizes to fit all racing kayaks will cost about £35 from Arrowcraft.
▪ It will cost about $ 1, 300.
▪ But if a new kitchen were needed in an older property, it would cost about £10,000.
▪ The Wall Street Journal today reported that the project would cost about $ 100 million.
▪ It costs about £600 a treatment and has to be done every two weeks.
around
▪ They cost around £21.99 for the plug and £17.99 for the adaptor.
▪ The diesel engines cost around $ 60, 000 each, not including installation.
▪ An eight processor version will cost around £17,000 and a 16 processor machine £27,000.
▪ Macs are slightly cheaper than Windows 95, and Windows 3. 1 costs around $ 8, 000 a year.
▪ Agreed that a cheaper system costing around £600 should be purchased. 4.
▪ At £1,249 it costs around 50 percent more than the Phoenix but it is the most powerful machine.
▪ They cost around £50 a piece, less than a tenth the cost of the gas lasers.
▪ You will need to take the application to its last stage within a year, which will cost around £120.
as
▪ The client should be made aware of the benefits to both of you of using your time as cost effectively as possible.
▪ I maintain that it should cost as much to get married as to get divorced.
▪ Some in disbelief that a car so beautiful, so fast and so downright delicious could cost as little as £27,000.
▪ Today, some automobile stereo systems cost as much.
▪ Cover might cost as little as £70 for an £8000 car used on a low-rated circuit by an experienced driver.
▪ Mr Ellison has said the device could cost as little as $ 500.
▪ A new nursery for 25 infants can cost as much as £100,000.
▪ Kurtzman said a modest business site can cost as little as $ 4, 000 with his Houston company.
less
▪ Dealing through licensed dealers can cost less than through stockbrokers, but usually costs more.
▪ A basic setup can cost less than $ 1, 300.
▪ The Raptor will cost less than £7000 next year.
▪ Many bottles cost less than $ 19 or $ 3. 75 a glass.
▪ It cost less than a fiver a head - and there wasn't a plate broken all night!
▪ It cost less than $ 1, 000.
▪ Genuine Toyota parts are priced very competitively compared to non-genuine parts - sometimes, the real thing even costs less!
▪ My week at the College of Santa Fe cost less than $ 400, including all meals.
more
▪ One with a thermostat will cost more, but may save on running costs in warmer weather.
▪ On a long cruise the courtesy ensigns can cost more than the charts and wear out quicker.
▪ This shift hurts affordability, Mikulecky noted, because single-family homes cost more than attached condominiums.
▪ Although diesels cost more initially than their petrol-engined equivalents, they are economical to run and hold their second-hand value relatively well.
▪ I started charging $ 5 and more people wanted it, because it cost more, so it was suddenly more valuable.
▪ Dealing through licensed dealers can cost less than through stockbrokers, but usually costs more.
much
▪ Face-to-face interviews take time and cost much more in relation to the number of respondents interviewed.
▪ It costs much more energy to reach Mars when it is farthest from the Sun.
▪ The Jura are the closest mountains across the Channel and it doesn't cost much to reach them.
▪ College tuition, extraordinary medical expenses, and career compromises can easily cost much more.
▪ Sewers and wells might halt the disease, but cost much more.
▪ It costs much less to support celibate clergy than ministers or rabbis with spouses and children.
▪ Best of all, the safety mattress does not cost much more than standard foam.
▪ It need not cost much to replace a slate or clean a gutter.
nearly
▪ A round of drinks - and two for the ladies - cost nearly £500.
▪ Over seven years, repeal would cost nearly $ 34 billion in lost revenue.
▪ In doing so, they generated a backlash that nearly cost them not only their agenda, but also their majority.
▪ Time and again it nearly cost us our life and that night, on the frozen lake, was no different.
▪ Construction had cost nearly $ 50, 000a goodly sum in 1949.
▪ This is due to be finished this year and has cost nearly £300 million.
▪ Its operations cost nearly $ 1 million an hour, $ 8 billion a year.
only
▪ Woolwich Tabernacle, erected between 1895 and 1896, sat 1,690 but cost only £13,936 for both the land and the building.
▪ The ferry costs only two dollars round-trip per person.
▪ She would gladly pay for the additional units but these would cost only to be made available.
▪ Special reports on how to get the free goodies only cost $ 20 each.
▪ Housing committee chairman Bill Dixon said Coun Richmond was wide of the mark and each property would only cost £30,000.
▪ We got a rebate of 11 per-cent from them, so it really only cost us 4 percentage points.
▪ A gift worth £800 to Somerville thus only costs the donor £480.
▪ The innovative approach cost only a small amount more, with no increase in price to the customer.
over
▪ The operation would use 11 military cargo planes and would eventually cost over US$200,000,000.
▪ The Hebrew school was going to cost over $ 18o, 000.
▪ Philip was forced to undergo hundreds of private medical tests which cost over six hundred pounds.
▪ The cost of hardware is falling every week, until recently the modem itself could have cost over £400!
▪ But as the recession deepened, no backers could be found for the scheme which had already cost over £1 million.
▪ Tickets that would normally cost over £100 have been made available, through specific community organisations, for £10.
▪ For example, a larger combination microwave which may cost over £3500 is ideal for turning over consistently large batches.
▪ A spiral perm can cost over £100 but don't be tempted to try it at home to save money.
probably
▪ In the event Berkeley probably cost more than it ever yielded.
▪ At the low end, configuring the router will probably cost staff time.
▪ Full football kit for a discerning 10-year-old will probably cost parents about £40.
▪ The transfer of skills and information probably cost Salomon Brothers hundreds of millions of dollars.
▪ It probably cost us seats at the general election.
▪ In fact, he counselled policies of restraint so severe that he probably cost his boss the 1976 election.
▪ It also probably cost Mr Ayling a peerage.
▪ His suite would probably cost nearer four weeks' salary than two.
too
▪ It is concerning PAs and speakers: they just cost too much.
▪ Bush's defence policy would not work, would cost too much and would destabilise the world, said Gore.
▪ He thinks they would cost too much in capital outlay and year-round maintenance.
▪ These older men simply cost too much: they had more vacation time, more pension credit.
▪ He said fraud cases cost too much and happened too late.
▪ His victory had been a Pyrrhic one, costing too much in the lost friendship of the men.
▪ But motoring organisations say it costs too much.
▪ She worked to save money, but was sad that things just cost too much.
■ NOUN
billion
▪ The Dome, remember, was going to be built for 45p but ended up costing three-quarters of a billion.
▪ The drug benefit was estimated during the campaign to cost $ 48 billion for roughly four years.
▪ The F-22 fighter would cost over $ 60 billion.
▪ Over seven years, repeal would cost nearly $ 34 billion in lost revenue.
▪ Independent health care experts said such a program could cost $ 5 billion to $ 10 billion a year.
▪ Eavesdropping satellites may cost another $ 3 billion, from the budget of the National Reconnaissance Office.
▪ The Air Force plans to build a total of 21 planes, which cost about $ 2 billion each.
company
▪ Shoppers will have more in their pockets and it will not cost companies vast sums to borrow for expansion.
▪ It would cost the several insurance companies more than a million to defend the case.
▪ Paul Brown reports on a problem which will cost the privatised water companies a fortune to clean up Blue-green and deadly.
▪ A scattered, one-day walkout in 1994 cost the company $ 50 million.
▪ Such closures could cost mine companies hundreds of thousands of dollars in lost production.
▪ The latest round of layoffs will cost the company $ 90 million to $ 100 million in one-time charges this quarter.
▪ Even a one-day outage, such as the one that occurred last June, can cost these giant companies $ 100 million.
dollar
▪ FastPort will give your printers the plug and play functionality of printers that cost thousands of dollars more.
▪ It cost a half million dollars to film.
▪ The restrictions on job-placement tests may be costing billions of dollars annually in lost productivity.
▪ The procedure cost five hundred dollars, which Amelia left unpaid.
▪ The kind that cost about a hundred dollars on the black market.
▪ Sometimes he puts on dinner parties that cost thousands of dollars.
▪ Now that it was going to cost fifteen million dollars, though, I wasn't so sure.
▪ The ferry costs only two dollars round-trip per person.
earth
▪ In Coventry Sir William Lyons produced wonderful engineering and style-but he didn't believe his cars should cost the earth.
▪ He would miss seeing Harry and, besides, a weekend at some hotel would cost the earth.
▪ But ... but it must cost the earth.
▪ A well planned, well made kitchen that doesn't cost the earth.
▪ It would cost the earth, but it had to be safer than Nigel's Aston Martin.
▪ This is a flexible, well-designed machine which produces quality prints and doesn't cost the earth to print them.
▪ It's better than getting a locum in - they cost the earth and sometimes do more harm than good.
fortune
▪ It costs a fortune to run and can not have many years left before scrapping, anyway.
▪ Besides, it costs a fortune.
▪ This would cost me a fortune.
▪ If you are not following them closely you can cost yourself a small fortune and never know it....
▪ That hadn't cost a couple of pounds - it can cost a small fortune.
▪ Of course, everything was done in a way that cost a fortune.
▪ It would cost a fortune to make the house watertight.
▪ Chances are that such a trip would cost a small fortune, because it does not include a Saturday stay.
hundred
▪ It will cost hundreds of thousands of pounds, and may have a knock-on effect.
▪ Chairs, small tables and cabinets may cost several hundred dollars.
▪ It costs many hundreds of thousands to mount a challenge like this.
▪ The procedure cost five hundred dollars, which Amelia left unpaid.
▪ It would cost hundreds of millions of pounds, with work beginning by the end of the century.
▪ So he saves me a dollar and costs me two hundred, and leaves me standing on this platform gnashing my teeth.
▪ Creating a game from a film costs hundreds of thousands of pounds and can take as long as making the movie.
▪ We were told that each scat on the trading floor cost six hundred thousand dollars.
job
▪ The Professional's wife, acting as Steward, was dismissed for bad language and automatically it cost her husband his job.
▪ It was a hesitation that would ultimately cost Sculley his job.
▪ I believe that it would cost jobs and cost prosperity in this country.
▪ Labor Secretary Robert Reich said the report proved that raising the minimum wage does not cost jobs.
▪ His plans to slash defence budgets by £6 billion would cost 100,000 more their jobs.
▪ If the current situation does not cost Frieder his job, it should at least force him to re-examine recruiting practices.
▪ The move, which follows a £122.3million loss last year, is expected to cost 1,000 jobs.
▪ Having this child would cost her her job.
life
▪ In an extreme case a person may be reinforced by others on a schedule which costs him his life.
▪ Had she not understood clearly, it might well have cost her her life.
▪ Half-flag, half-face, the new image cost the Glasgow life company £50,000 and another £550,000 changing the notepaper etc.
▪ But in blossoming, Jessie unknowingly tears open a decades-old secret that could cost her her life.
▪ Panorama named and confronted a series of suspects for that bombing, which cost 29 lives.
▪ My daughter stayed with her husband, against my advice, and it cost her life.
▪ It could so nearly have cost him his life.
▪ Ultimately, these efforts cost him his life.
lot
▪ Altogether this little girl has cost us quite a lot of money.
▪ But replacing it with something more attractive is going to cost a lot more than anyone anticipated.
▪ Families cost a lot of money, and John Shakespeare was having a lot of money troubles in those days.
▪ It must have cost him a lot of money.
▪ Slick graphics slides can cost a whole lot more.
▪ Now it appeared that this had not been included and that the necessary procedures could cost a lot extra.
▪ Such a voyage would cost a lot of money.
▪ Some one makes a mistake or a misguided decision, costing your organization lots of time, money, and goodwill.
million
▪ It cost $ 200 million to make, and netted global takings of $ 1.8 billion even before the video was released.
▪ According to the latest Pentagon estimate, each new F-22 could cost $ 198 million when development and production costs are calculated.
▪ The system costs about $ 35 million a year.
▪ It cost a half million dollars to film.
▪ Today, a campaign for the House of Representatives could easily cost $ 1 million to wage effectively.
▪ The Wall Street Journal today reported that the project would cost about $ 100 million.
millions
▪ Supercomputing - High-performance computers costing millions of pounds can not be sited at every university that needs their computational power.
▪ If you do it could cost you millions and mil-lions of dollars. 5.
▪ Thieves and vandals are costing churches millions of pounds each year.
▪ Witnesses testified Wednesday at a board hearing in Washington that it might cost the government millions of dollars to buy the film.
▪ The cost of Christmas cards, free parcels and telegrams is costing the taxpayer millions of pounds, it was claimed yesterday.
▪ Switching to protein substitutes, like soy, could cost millions, but Kessler believes it is worth it.
▪ A leading economist said the changes could cost the industry millions, and hit exploration and appraisal plans.
▪ Long billed as a potentially boundless source of relatively clean energy, fusion research costs hundreds of millions of dollars a year.
money
▪ Mr Major has already discovered that repossessions and defaults cost the government money as well as damaging consumer confidence and financial institutions.
▪ That will cost you some money, but it beats letting the customer stew while an employee hunts for a supervisor.
▪ Families cost a lot of money, and John Shakespeare was having a lot of money troubles in those days.
▪ The present had cost her money, and by giving it away Fanshawe had in some sense stolen that money from her.
▪ I don't know what good it did David in the long run because what it did was cost a lot of money.
▪ When the card issuers learned that the gimmicks were costing them money, their idea of creative thinking kicked in.
▪ There is only one solution and it costs money.
▪ Sometimes, it costs big money.
penny
▪ It won't cost you a penny.
▪ Moira had died before she'd cost anyone a penny.
▪ The Judge said if it had cost one penny more he would have been hanged.
▪ And Moran didn't cost them a single penny!
▪ Oestrogen makes women feel great and it shouldn't cost them a penny.
▪ Warm yourself by the fireside of pure genius and it won't cost you a penny.
▪ She wouldn't cost you a penny.
▪ That will add 33% to its value without costing you a penny extra.
pound
▪ A longer pair for waders and which are prevented from slipping down by an elasticated band, cost a pound more.
▪ I'd cost him nineteen thousand pounds.
▪ The National Rivers Authority says the clear up will take several days and will cost thousands of pounds.
▪ Supercomputing - High-performance computers costing millions of pounds can not be sited at every university that needs their computational power.
▪ That hadn't cost a couple of pounds - it can cost a small fortune.
▪ Philip was forced to undergo hundreds of private medical tests which cost over six hundred pounds.
▪ It cost two million pounds, and includes the latest in video technology, as Adrian Britton reports.
▪ It's cash only for all trips costing less than twenty-five pounds, of course.
production
▪ This production has cost £50,000, most coming from local sponsors.
▪ Divas are often the financial linchpins for opera productions costing hundreds of thousands of dollars.
▪ They keep their production costs low and help the environment by recycling waste material such as newspapers and household plastic bottles.
project
▪ This project will cost £10,000, with half of the money coming from Climb for the World.
▪ The Wall Street Journal today reported that the project would cost about $ 100 million.
▪ At the time, the project was estimated to cost $ 213 million.
▪ The whole project would cost £50 million, of which some £6 million has been spent.
▪ That project is expected to cost $ 55million.
▪ The entire project will cost $ 40 million to $ 50 million, said Russell Johnson, Tenneco Energy spokesman.
system
▪ The consultant had charged over £66,000 for his work and the computer system had cost in the region of £75,000.
▪ The system costs about $ 35 million a year.
▪ Agreed that a cheaper system costing around £600 should be purchased. 4.
▪ Today, some automobile stereo systems cost as much.
▪ If they adopted that system which costs nothing you would avoid patients' frustration and give the health service a better name.
▪ The device component of the system will cost $ 15, 000, though Gensia expects that many hospitals will lease it.
▪ Bundling a £60 printer in a system costing over £1,000 isn't doing the overall package justice.
▪ Ignoring how the system works has already cost millions of people their financial dreams.
taxpayer
▪ Non payment costs the taxpayer millions of pounds a year, so today roadside checkpoints were set up to stop drivers at random.
▪ Loan Association, a debacle that cost taxpayers upward of $ 2 billion.
▪ Smoking claims thousands of lives every year and treatment for the effects of the habit costs the taxpayer millions of pounds annually.
▪ This trip, he calculated, would cost the taxpayers slightly over a million dollars.
▪ His case could cost the taxpayer up to £20,000.
▪ The cost of Christmas cards, free parcels and telegrams is costing the taxpayer millions of pounds, it was claimed yesterday.
▪ The resulting bailout will ultimately cost taxpayers hundreds of billions of dollars.
thousands
▪ It will cost hundreds of thousands of pounds, and may have a knock-on effect.
▪ Creating a game from a film costs hundreds of thousands of pounds and can take as long as making the movie.
▪ Divas are often the financial linchpins for opera productions costing hundreds of thousands of dollars.
▪ It costs thousands of pounds to draw up the documentation.
▪ These old bodies could cost a new employer thousands in worker comp.
▪ FastPort will give your printers the plug and play functionality of printers that cost thousands of dollars more.
▪ Sometimes he puts on dinner parties that cost thousands of dollars.
times
▪ Hasn't anyone told Mrs Thatcher that bottled water can cost a thousand times as much as water from the tap?
▪ It cost five times as much to obtain a customer than to keep one. 5.
▪ This would put many routers costing three times the price to shame.
▪ With solar-generated electricity costing several times more than other energy options, corporate interest dried up.
▪ Wealth category Can cost anything over 10 times as much as the yardstick rugs.
▪ But they say the repairs needed would cost three times that amount.
▪ It is estimated that this will cost 10 times as much as the original research.
total
▪ Billed as a potential rival to Gleneagles, the development was to cost £60m in total.
▪ The final three phases, costing a total of $ 140 million, will follow if federal funding is available.
▪ The flowers and arranging fee cost a total of £395.
■ VERB
estimate
▪ Plans for the complex were first revealed in September 1990 and it was estimated it would cost £100 million to build.
▪ It will also be possible to buy converter boxes, estimated to cost $ 200.
▪ This it estimated would cost between £120 million and £225 million because it would need major civil engineering works.
▪ She said the city had estimated it would cost $ 170 million but the private firm bid $ 110 million.
▪ Violence is conservatively estimated to cost $ 15. 5 billion a year in medical care nationwide.
▪ Police estimate that it cost $ 5m to build.
▪ He estimates the dispute will cost his company $ 400, 000 over the next decade.
expect
▪ It is expected to cost a reasonable £4000.
▪ Repairs were expected to cost 100,000,000 roubles and to take six months.
▪ That project is expected to cost $ 55million.
▪ The move, which follows a £122.3million loss last year, is expected to cost 1,000 jobs.
▪ The test is expected to cost $ 40.
▪ The decommissioning of the waste is expected to cost up to E35Om over a 20-year period.
▪ The driver is expected to cost the city about $ 100 a day.
PHRASES FROM OTHER ENTRIES
cost a bomb
cost a packet
▪ Cars, food, and clothes are cheaper, but services like plumbers cost a packet.
▪ I don't care if it costs a packet!
cost a pretty penny
cost sb dear
cost/pay/charge the earth
▪ A well planned, well made kitchen that doesn't cost the earth.
▪ But ... but it must cost the earth.
▪ He would miss seeing Harry and, besides, a weekend at some hotel would cost the earth.
▪ In Coventry Sir William Lyons produced wonderful engineering and style-but he didn't believe his cars should cost the earth.
▪ It is possible to pay the earth for beauty products.
▪ It would cost the earth, but it had to be safer than Nigel's Aston Martin.
▪ This is a flexible, well-designed machine which produces quality prints and doesn't cost the earth to print them.
mission/cost/grade etc creep
▪ It is a case of mission creep gone wildly over the top.
the cost of living
total number/amount/cost etc
▪ Additional disk space is a dollar or two per megabyte per month, depending on total amount.
▪ Microcell bid only in southern Ontario for a total cost of $ 19.2-million.
▪ Multiply the number of widths by the number of pattern repeats per drop to give the total number of pattern repeats required.
▪ The total amount of contributions and tax paid by each employee is entered on the P35.
▪ The total cost has been several million pounds more than budgeted.
▪ The total number of jobless rose to 615, 830 from 609, 670.
▪ The total number of registered voters was 1,732,000 aged 16 and over.
EXAMPLES FROM OTHER ENTRIES
▪ All this delay has cost the company an important contract.
▪ Another mistake like that could cost you your job.
▪ Cable TV service costs $19.95 a month.
▪ How much does a house like that cost in America?
▪ I stayed in a hotel in Paris which cost me $150 a night.
▪ It would be a good idea to get the plan costed before presenting it to the board.
▪ Larry's years of hard drinking and living almost cost him his life.
▪ Look at Frank's new Mercedes - it must have cost a fortune.
▪ The Department of Education estimates that it will cost $17 billion to build the new schools.
▪ The field goal he missed cost the team the game.
▪ The options are being costed and analyzed.
▪ The project had been incorrectly costed and the money ran out before it could be completed.
▪ Tickets for the show cost £15 or £20.
EXAMPLES FROM CORPUS
▪ Instead, they survive on a liquid diet that costs a staggering $ 10, 000 a month.
▪ It is costing our industrialists dear, and our exporters.
▪ Mr Major has already discovered that repossessions and defaults cost the government money as well as damaging consumer confidence and financial institutions.
▪ My first bike cost $ 200.
▪ Our staff are trained to administer the policy on page 53, which costs £17 per person for 18 days.
▪ Slopeside lodgings cost more, but often you are spared the expense of renting a car.
▪ Treasury sums said the rebate would be worth £4m, but would cost more to fix.