What is "conversion"

Conversion \Con*ver"sion\, n. [L. conversio: cf. F. conversion. See Convert.]

1. The act of turning or changing from one state or condition to another, or the state of being changed; transmutation; change.

   Artificial conversion of water into ice.
   --Bacon.

   The conversion of the aliment into fat.
   --Arbuthnot.

2. The act of changing one's views or course, as in passing from one side, party, or from of religion to another; also, the state of being so changed. ``Conversion to Christianity.''
   --Prescott.

3. (Law) An appropriation of, and dealing with the property of another as if it were one's own, without right; as, the conversion of a horse.

   Or bring my action of conversion And trover for my goods.
   --Hudibras.

4. (Logic) The act of interchanging the terms of a proposition, as by putting the subject in the place of the predicate, or the contrary.

5. (Math.) A change or reduction of the form or value of a proposition; as, the conversion of equations; the conversion of proportions.

6. (Mil.)

   1. A change of front, as a body of troops attacked in the flank.

   2. A change of character or use, as of smoothbore guns into rifles.

7. (Theol.) A spiritual and moral change attending a change of belief with conviction; a change of heart; a change from the service of the world to the service of God; a change of the ruling disposition of the soul, involving a transformation of the outward life.

   He oft Frequented their assemblies, . . . and to them preached Conversion and repentance, as to souls In prison under judgments imminent.
   --Milton.

mid-14c., originally of religion, from French conversion, from Latin conversionem (nominative conversatio), noun of action from past participle stem of convertere (see convert (v.)). General sense of "transformation" is early 15c. Of buildings, from 1921. Conversion disorder "hysteria" (attested from 1946 but said to have been coined by Freud) was in DSM-IV (1994).

n. 1 The act of converting something or someone. 2 (context computing English) A software product converted from one platform to another. 3 (context chemistry English) A chemical reaction wherein a substrate is transformed into a product. 4 (context rugby English) A free-kick, after scoring a try, worth two points. 5 (context American football English) An extra point scored by kicking a field goal after scoring a touchdown. 6 (context marketing English) An online advertising performance metric representing a visitor performing whatever the intended result of an ad is defined to be. 7 (context legal English) Under the common law, the tort of the taking of someone's personal property with intent to permanently deprive them of it, or damaging property to the extent that the owner is deprived of the utility of that property, thus making the tortfeasor liable for the entire value of the property. 8 (context linguistics English) The process whereby a new word is created without changing the form, often by allowing the word to function as a new part of speech. 9 (context obsolete English) The act of turning round; revolution; rotation. 10 (context logic English) The act of interchanging the terms of a proposition, as by putting the subject in the place of the predicate, or vice versa. 11 (context math English) A change or reduction of the form or value of a proposition.

1. n. an event that results in a transformation [syn: transition, changeover]

2. a change in the units or form of an expression: "conversion from Fahrenheit to Centigrade"

3. a successful free throw or try for point after a touchdown

4. a spiritual enlightenment causing a person to lead a new life [syn: rebirth, spiritual rebirth]

5. (psychiatry) a defense mechanism represses emotional conflicts which are then converted into physical symptoms that have no organic basis

6. a change of religion; "his conversion to the Catholic faith"

7. interchange of subject and predicate of a proposition

8. act of exchanging one type of money or security for another

9. the act of changing from one use or function or purpose to another

In linguistics, conversion, also called zero derivation, is a kind of word formation involving the creation of a word (of a new word class) from an existing word (of a different word class) without any change in form, which is to say, derivation using only zero. For example, the noun green in golf (referring to a putting-green) is derived ultimately from the adjective green.

Conversions from adjectives to nouns and vice versa are both very common and unnotable in English; much more remarked upon is the creation of a verb by converting a noun or other word (e.g., the adjective clean becomes the verb to clean).

Conversion or convert may refer to:

Conversion and its related terms yield and selectivity are important terms in chemical reaction engineering. They are described as ratios of how much of a reactant has reacted (X — conversion, normally between zero and one), how much of a desired product was formed (Y — yield, normally also between zero and one) and how much desired product was formed in ratio to the undesired product(s) (S — selectivity).

There are conflicting definitions in the literature for selectivity and yield, so each author's intended definition should be verified.

Conversion can be defined for (semi-)batch and continuous reactors and as instantaneous and overall conversion.

Conversion is a common law tort. A conversion is a voluntary act by one person inconsistent with the ownership rights of another. It is a tort of strict liability in the United Kingdom. Its criminal counterpart is not typically theft but rather criminal conversion, which differs from theft in the lack of intent to deprive the owner of possession of the property.

Examples are seen in cases where trees are cut down and the lumber hauled from the land by someone not having clear ownership; or removing furniture belonging to another from a cohabited dwelling, placing it in storage and not telling the owner of the whereabouts. In medieval times, a conversion would occur when bolts of cloth were bailed for safe keeping, and the bailee or a third party took them and made clothes for their own use or for sale.

Many questions concerning joint ownership in enterprises such as a partnership belong in equity, and do not rise to the level of a conversion. Traditionally, a conversion occurs when some chattel is lost, then found by another who appropriates it to his own use without legal authority to do so. It has also applied in cases where chattels were bailed for safe keeping, then misused or misappropriated by the bailee or a third party.

Conversion, as a purely civil wrong, is distinguishable from both theft and unjust enrichment. Theft is obviously an act inconsistent with another's rights, and theft will also be conversion. But not all conversions are thefts because conversion requires no element of dishonesty. Conversion is also different from unjust enrichment. If one claims an unjust enrichment, the person who has another's property may always raise a change of position defense, to say they have unwittingly used up the assets they were transferred. For conversion, there always must be an element of voluntarily dealing with another's property, inconsistently with their rights.

The try ( American football, also known as a point(s)' after touchdown', PAT, or extra point) or convert ( Canadian football) occurs immediately after a touchdown during which the scoring team is allowed to attempt to score one extra point by kicking the ball through the uprights in the manner of a field goal, or two points by bringing the ball into the end zone in the manner of a touchdown; depending on league rules, one point may also be scored by manner of a safety.

Attempts at a try or convert are scrimmage plays, with the ball initially placed at any point between the hash marks, at the option of the team making the attempt. The yard line that attempts are made from depends on the league and the type of try or convert being attempted.

If the try or convert is scored by kicking the ball through the uprights, the team gets an additional one point for their touchdown, bringing their total for that score from six points to seven. If two points are needed or desired, a two-point conversion may be attempted by running or passing from scrimmage. A successful touchdown conversion brings the score's total to eight.

Whether a team goes for one or two points, most rules regarding scrimmage downs, including scoring touchdowns and field goals, apply as if it were a normal American fourth-down or Canadian third-down play. Exceptions, including cases where the defense forces a turnover during a conversion attempt, vary between leagues and levels of play.