noun
COLLOCATIONS FROM OTHER ENTRIES
crime/economic/unemployment etc statistics
▪ The economic statistics tell a grim story.
debt/unemployment etc trap
▪ people caught in the unemployment trap
tackle unemployment
▪ The government announced a new initiative to tackle unemployment.
the unemployment rate
▪ In April, the unemployment rate fell to 4.9 percent, a 23-year low.
unemployment benefit
▪ people on unemployment benefit
unemployment blackspot
▪ Arbroath is now the unemployment blackspot of northeast Scotland.
unemployment figures
▪ There have been changes in the way the unemployment figures are calculated.
COLLOCATIONS FROM CORPUS
■ ADJECTIVE
high
▪ In the mid-1970s this picture was about to change, as economic crisis produced widespread unemployment, and particularly high youth unemployment.
▪ Many economists argue raising the minimum wage simply means higher unemployment among the very people such a measure is trying to help.
▪ The disparities in the rates of unemployment between socio-economic groups widen during periods of high unemployment.
▪ Share values were depressed by expectations of slower economic growth and higher unemployment.
▪ Officials from one country told Ellena that its citizens had enough stress coping with high unemployment and other transition ills.
▪ Anti-inflationary policies lead to restrictive monetary policies that deliberately produced high unemployment.
▪ At the same time, higher unemployment will involve increased government expenditure on unemployment benefits.
low
▪ Trend data on employment and economic activity rates for women are less reliable, particularly given their low unemployment registration rates.
▪ A booming economy, low unemployment and years of peace have made it difficult to replenish the graying ranks of white supremacists.
▪ Wage growth will be low, unemployment high, with consequent feedback effects on the economy.
▪ Thus, the alternative to low wages was unemployment.
▪ In consequence, these cities have relatively low levels of unemployment.
▪ Traditionally it's 6,500 inhabitants have enjoyed lower than average unemployment, better than average housing, good schools and medical facilities.
▪ The lowest unemployment in the state, about 2 percent to 3 percent, runs along the Greenville-Spartanburg stretch of Interstate 85.
mass
▪ The dispiriting memories of the seventies were fading. Mass unemployment had lost its old political potency.
▪ The implication of the ad was that Labour had produced mass unemployment and the Tories would cure it.
▪ Countries will become blighted and depressed regions, with mass unemployment.
▪ It was the last upswing before the onset of slump, stagnation and mass unemployment.
▪ But that knowledge has been buried in the war of words which has accompanied mass unemployment.
▪ First, the advent of mass unemployment.
▪ These same governments have been and continue to be the cause of mass unemployment and emigration.
natural
▪ A currency union is likely to lead to a reduction in member countries' natural rate of unemployment.
▪ This level of unemployment is called the natural level of unemployment.
▪ Lucas did not suggest that the observed fluctuations in unemployment were systematic deviations from the natural unemployment rate.
▪ Quite the contrary: they were fluctuations of the natural unemployment rate.
▪ The discrepancy between L F and L *; is thus a measure of the natural unemployment rate U *;.
▪ First arrive at an estimate of the natural unemployment rate.
▪ Coen and Hickman rightly mistrust the use of NAIRUs to form estimates of natural unemployment rates.
rising
▪ The response of government to rising unemployment must have two elements.
▪ Recession and rising unemployment have increased welfare demands.
▪ Time after time, ministers have tried to shift the blame for rising unemployment to the down-turn in the world economy.
▪ The army's position is ambiguous. Rising unemployment in the countryside has cancelled out the economic gains of the early-1980s reforms.
▪ But the group warned that the upturn would not be enough to reverse the rising trend in unemployment.
▪ Policy-makers felt general disappointment with the stubbornness of prices in the face of rising unemployment.
▪ This means that society is increasingly experiencing a lower standard of living than would be possible without rising levels of unemployment.
▪ Their initial response to the growth of crime, which stemmed from rising unemployment and inequality, was heavy-handed and militaristic.
■ NOUN
benefit
▪ As well as earnings from part-time work, other income can affect your entitlement to unemployment benefit.
▪ He called on Ministers to come clean over secret proposals to cut the unemployment benefit period from a year to six months.
▪ The two trade union confederations undertook to refrain from general strikes in return for minimum wage and unemployment benefit guarantees.
▪ Successful targeting of unemployment benefit policies calls for analysis at the individual level.
▪ All the women who had paid full National Insurance contributions had sufficient contributions to be eligible for unemployment benefit.
▪ In fact, about a third of the women were both the sole earners and were ineligible for unemployment benefit.
▪ These assumptions are very apparent in relation to unemployment benefit.
▪ There would thus have to be drastic cuts in public expenditure, particularly in the soaring cost of unemployment benefits.
blackspot
▪ All 2,060 workers will go in a town which is already an unemployment blackspot.
▪ He believes some firms could then reject the town as an unemployment blackspot.
▪ But North Tyneside, the region's unemployment blackspot would have taken little comfort from such news.
▪ He believes the council is in danger of giving Darlington a bad image as an unemployment blackspot.
▪ Cinderford stands in the heart of the forest of dean, an unemployment blackspot.
compensation
▪ His idea is to cap expenditure on entitlements: the mandatory spending on things like pensions, medical benefits and unemployment compensation.
▪ While unemployment compensation is better than nothing, a job is better than either.
▪ Social security, unemployment compensation, welfare, Medicare, food stamps, and public housing are examples.
▪ After I lost my job, I started receiving $ 300 a week in unemployment compensation.
▪ His problems started when one of the subcontractors collected unemployment compensation while working at the restaurant, he said.
▪ It would be equally ridiculous to think of taxing only unemployed workers to finance the unemployment compensation payments which they receive.
▪ And by collecting unemployment compensation, laid-off workers can continue spending, keeping the overall economy from slumping further.
figures
▪ On polling day itself, the worst unemployment figures for 30 years were announced.
▪ The monthly publication of the unemployment figures provides a depressing barometer of the dole queue.
▪ But the long recession, together with high unemployment figures and a stagnant housing market, has changed homeowners' perceptions.
▪ By February 1986 the government had announced fifteen separate changes to the way the unemployment figures were calculated and presented.
▪ Does not the Minister realise that the unemployment figures in the Province are deplorable?
▪ Next week's unemployment figures are not expected to show any significant reversal in the recent upward trend.
▪ In 1979, he said, the incoming government had felt the unemployment figures were too high.
▪ Nationwide, unemployment figures went up by 41,000, making the total 2,908,900 million.
insurance
▪ The mortgage is not only capped at 7.25%, it gives free unemployment insurance during the first two years.
▪ Admittedly, unemployment insurance is not the key perpetrator of unemployment.
▪ According to a recent survey, one in four new borrowers takes out unemployment insurance, double the number of three years ago.
▪ Eighty percent of wages replaced when on unemployment insurance!
▪ Even the United Kingdom Beveridge scheme had only a minor effect on unemployment insurance.
▪ State laws spread unemployment insurance payments over a four-day week.
▪ In the United States unemployment insurance, accident compensation and public assistance underwent no major changes.
▪ Among themselves, economists usually agree that welfare payments and unemployment insurance make getting a job less attractive.
level
▪ Evidence indicates that micro-chip technology could ensure that present high unemployment levels will continue.
▪ James Prior said unemployment levels were intolerable and Norman Tebbit said that he was going to prove that the problem was soluble.
▪ Even the unemployed place government policy rather low in a list of factors responsible for high unemployment levels.
▪ The Government can not be proud of unemployment levels of 7.6 percent. and male unemployment of 10.1 percent.
▪ But his Conservative counterpart said the drop in funding only reflected the fall in unemployment levels since their peak in 1986.
▪ Scant weight is given to indices of economic deprivation, such as unemployment levels and proportions of children or families in receipt of Supplementary Benefit.
▪ The Western Isles has one of the highest unemployment levels in Britain.
percentage
▪ Similarly, as D L increases, the unemployment percentage falls but is unlikely ever to reach zero.
▪ Similarly, a lower inflation rate could be achieved at the cost of an increase in the unemployment percentage.
problem
▪ But there is little evidence of an overall graduate unemployment problem except in the late 1870s and early 80s.
▪ Therefore the contraction in demand engineered by the government only succeeded in adding to the unemployment problem.
▪ Churchill, Beveridge and their colleagues recognized that insurance dealt only with the most tractable tip of the unemployment problem.
▪ There is a gross disparity between the size of the unemployment problem and the minuscule educational resources available to make adequate provision.
▪ It can not be emphasised too strongly that our unemployment problems do not stem from the installation of such equipment.
▪ We had a slump in 1981 - long before anyone else - which was when our unemployment problem began.
▪ But they would not cure the endemic unemployment problem.
▪ We still face unemployment problems, but the fact remains that employment has increased by 2,700.
rate
▪ The unemployment rate and the ratio of job-seekers to vacancies both fell precipitately.
▪ The unemployment rate in the area is about 13 percent, being rather higher in the winter months and near the coast.
▪ To understand the unemployment rate, we also need to know how long the jobless have been without jobs.
▪ The real unemployment rate has topped 17 %.
▪ The report tracks the unemployment rate nationally and in 11 major states, including Michigan.
▪ Changing metaphor, the equilibrium unemployment rate is seen to be shackled to the actual rate.
▪ Of those, California posted the highest unemployment rate -- 7. 7 percent -- last month.
trap
▪ So could her friends Michelle, Lenny, Tony, Sue a whole line of people caught in the unemployment trap.
▪ This is likely to be particularly serious if either the poverty trap or the unemployment trap is encountered.
▪ The unemployment trap has been substantially eased and the simplification of social security has had major effects.
▪ This has led a number of commentators to argue that the unemployment trap is now of little importance to the real world.
youth
▪ And in fact there are also topics to be drawn from the elements of the story - such as youth unemployment or divorce.
▪ Juppe said he would soon announce measures to fight youth unemployment.
▪ In the mid-1970s this picture was about to change, as economic crisis produced widespread unemployment, and particularly high youth unemployment.
▪ Task forces, meanwhile, were directed to tackle youth unemployment.
▪ At first this was because of high levels of youth unemployment and latterly because of demographic trends.
▪ In recent years it has begun to experience high levels of adult and youth unemployment.
▪ Not surprisingly, therefore, with youth unemployment so high, some school-leavers with qualifications fail to find jobs.
▪ Thus, although youth unemployment is high, it tends to be of shorter duration than that among the older age groups.
■ VERB
cause
▪ The economic problems caused by unemployment led to the collapse of the second Labour government.
▪ But it causes rural unemployment unless some considerable thought is put into the change.
▪ Nowhere in the world has a minimum wage not caused higher unemployment.
create
▪ On all three occasions, peace had created unemployment among soldiers who were looking for adventure and pay.
▪ Thirdly the recession has created high unemployment, with an increase in demand for social security and unemployment benefit.
▪ Suppose that the union lifts the level of wages above the perfectly competitive market clearing wage, thus creating some unemployment.
▪ The Conservatives say its imposition would raise business costs and thus create unemployment.
fall
▪ Expenditure fell as unemployment fell, but it has continued to decline as unemployment has rocketed again.
▪ Even if rates do fall again, unemployment may not fall with them.
increase
▪ Small firms provide a useful channel for re-allocating labour from large firms without increasing official unemployment rates.
▪ Reductions in spending on labour-intensive services increase unemployment and hence social security costs.
▪ Unemployment figures increase Meanwhile, unemployment figures have risen to the highest level for more than five years.
▪ The report concludes with references to increase in long term unemployment and slump in business optimism.
▪ The right hon. Gentleman's minimum wage would increase unemployment by putting 2 million people out of work.
▪ Such policies may hinder attempts to achieve economic growth and may increase the level of unemployment.
▪ Any fiscal measures dampening demand for new cars will only increase unemployment in the motor trade.
▪ However, every Labour Government have increased unemployment, as the Library will confirm.
reduce
▪ The Second World War was not, he argues. fought to reduce unemployment.
▪ All they said was that they will reduce unemployment.
▪ Our emergency programme should reduce unemployment by at least 600,000 over two years.
▪ Labour relations have to be controlled to reduce unemployment.
▪ Not surprisingly, expansionary demand management policies will be successful in reducing Keynesian unemployment.
▪ Jim Prior considered it a disastrous Budget which would do nothing to reduce unemployment.
▪ The more extreme Euro-pessimists would view any attempt at expanding demand to reduce unemployment as being necessarily inflationary.
▪ Measures to reduce unemployment are of the utmost importance and have been outlined above.
rise
▪ The economy looks like having zero growth this year with rising unemployment.
▪ The rising unemployment rate was balm to Wall Street, which always worries over any hints of possible inflation.
▪ The incidence of indebtedness continues to rise due to redundancy, unemployment and inflation.
▪ The government would have more to spend, at the same time as real output would have risen offsetting unemployment.
▪ He has taken Britain into negative growth, rising unemployment and falling output.
▪ Prices will rise before wages, unemployment will increase and social security will, in real terms, fall.
▪ Yet general prosperity was rising too, and unemployment was falling anyway.
▪ The revenue crisis has led to rising unemployment and fewer new government jobs.
EXAMPLES FROM OTHER ENTRIES
▪ Closure of the plant will mean unemployment for 500 workers.
▪ National unemployment is only 6%.
EXAMPLES FROM CORPUS
▪ Admittedly, unemployment insurance is not the key perpetrator of unemployment.
▪ An employee who was given that choice and chooses resignation can still receive unemployment compensation or file a lawsuit against the boss.
▪ As for the unemployment issue, I have never, never, uttered one word about this sensitive and intensely sad situation.
▪ Five years ago, for example, it was assumed that if unemployment fell below 6 percent, inflation would rise.
▪ High unemployment, non-payment of state wages and pensions and official cronyism and corruption will all be election issues.
▪ Second, equations will be estimated for unemployment flows 1967 - 1985 for the whole economy.
▪ The following review is selective and concentrates on the way unemployment benefit impacts on women.
▪ The second problem is the prejudice which redundancy and long-term unemployment may create in the mind of the interviewer.