Find the word definition

Crossword clues for transparency

Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English
transparency
noun
COLLOCATIONS FROM CORPUS
■ ADJECTIVE
great
▪ This is part of an insistence on greater transparency in company dealings.
▪ It could bring about greater price transparency and so more competition for consumers.
▪ The demands of economic restructuring also involve demands for administrative reorganization and greater financial transparency.
▪ The method thus supplies greater transparency and insight and leads to a unified approach offering progress along a wide front.
▪ David Davis, chairman of the Public Accounts Committee, is campaigning for greater fairness and transparency.
■ NOUN
colour
▪ There he photographed most of the famous tourist attractions and bought home around 50 superb colour transparencies.
▪ Her colour transparencies of the Grand Canyon were particularly well received by the gathering.
▪ The colour screen was then replaced in contact, and fixed together permanently for viewing as a colour transparency.
▪ I then produce a 5 by 4 or a 10 by 8 colour transparency and set it up on a light table.
EXAMPLES FROM CORPUS
▪ Its depth determines its purity, and its purity determines its transparency.
▪ The fiasco has shown up the dangers in an industry where reputation often rests more on brand names than transparency.
▪ The normal dieback is 5 percent, the normal transparency, 25 percent.
▪ The partial transparency of the rock allows focussing up and down to assess grain packing.
▪ There's just no interest in transparency.
▪ These variable factors include the depth of the water, its temperature and transparency, and its velocity, among others.
▪ This is aimed at preventing insider dealing and promoting market transparency.
The Collaborative International Dictionary
Transparency

Transparency \Trans*par"en*cy\, n.; pl. Transparencies. [Cf. F. transparence.]

  1. The quality or condition of being transparent; transparence.

  2. That which is transparent; especially, a picture painted on thin cloth or glass, or impressed on porcelain, or the like, to be viewed by natural or artificial light, which shines through it.
    --Fairholt.

Douglas Harper's Etymology Dictionary
transparency

1610s, "condition of being transparent," from Medieval Latin transparentia, from transparentem (see transparent). Meaning "that which is transparent" is from 1590s; of pictures, prints, etc., from 1785; in photography from 1866. Related: Transparence.

Wiktionary
transparency

n. 1 (context countable English) a transparent object. 2 (context countable English) ''specifically'', a transparent material with an image on it, that is viewable by shining light through it. 3 (figuratively) openness, degree of accessibility to view 4 (context uncountable English) the quality of being transparent; transparence.

WordNet
transparency
  1. n. permitting the free passage of electromagnetic radiation [syn: transparence] [ant: opacity]

  2. the quality of being clear and transparent [syn: transparence, transparentness]

  3. picture consisting of a positive photograph or drawing on a transparent base; viewed with a projector [syn: foil]

Wikipedia
Transparency (projection)

A transparency, also known variously as a viewfoil, foil, or viewgraph, is a thin sheet of transparent flexible material, typically cellulose acetate, onto which figures can be drawn. These are then placed on an overhead projector for display to an audience. Many companies and small organizations use a system of projectors and transparencies in meetings and other groupings of people, though this system is being largely replaced by video projectors and interactive whiteboards.

Transparency (market)

In economics, a market is transparent if much is known by many about: What products and services or capital assets are available, What price, and Where. Transparency is important since it is one of the theoretical conditions required for a free market to be efficient. Price transparency can, however, lead to higher prices, if it makes sellers reluctant to give steep discounts to certain buyers, or if it facilitates collusion. A high degree of market transparency can result in disintermediation due to the buyer's increased knowledge of supply pricing.

There are two types of price transparency: 1) I know what price will be charged to me, and 2) I know what price will be charged to you. The two types of price transparency have different implications for differential pricing.

While the stock market is relatively transparent, hedge funds are notoriously secretive. Some financial professionals, including Wall Street veteran Jeremy Frommer are pioneering the application of transparency to hedge funds by broadcasting live from trading desks and posting detailed portfolios online.

Transparency (linguistic)

Linguistic transparency is a phrase which is used in multiple, overlapping subjects in the fields of linguistics and the philosophy of language. It has both normative and descriptive senses.

Transparency (philosophy)

In epistemology, transparency is a property of epistemic states defined as follows:

An epistemic state E is weakly transparent to a subject S if and only if when S is in state E, S can know that S is in state E;

an epistemic state E is strongly transparent to a subject S if and only if when S is in state E, S can know that S is in state E, AND when S is not in state E, S can know S is not in state E.

Pain is usually considered to be strongly transparent: when someone is in pain, he knows immediately that he is in pain, and if he is not in pain, he will know he is not.

Transparency is important in the study of self-knowledge and meta-knowledge.

Transparency (trade)

Transparency is a World Trade Organization principle stipulating that a country’s policies and regulations affecting foreign trade should be clearly communicated to its trading partners. For example, out of recognition that sanitary and phytosanitary measures may (sometimes deliberately) be unclear, arbitrary, or capricious, recent international trading agreements have provisions calling on countries to notify others, in advance, about any measures that could affect trade, to fully explain them, and to provide a means for commenting on them. The main provision dealing with transparency in WTO is Article X of GATT.

Transparency (telecommunication)

In telecommunications, transparency can refer to:

  1. The property of an entity that allows another entity to pass through it without altering either of the entities.
  2. The property that allows a transmission system or channel to accept, at its input, unmodified user information, and deliver corresponding user information at its output, unchanged in form or information content. The user information may be changed internally within the transmission system, but it is restored to its original form prior to the output without the involvement of the user.
  3. The quality of a data communications system or device that uses a bit-oriented link protocol that does not depend on the bit sequence structure used by the data source.

Some communication systems are not transparent. Non-transparent communication systems have one or both of the following problems:

  • user data may be incorrectly interpreted as internal commands. For example, modems with a Time Independent Escape Sequence or 20th century Signaling System No. 5 and R2 signalling telephone systems, which occasionally incorrectly interpreted user data (from a " blue box") as commands.
  • output "user data" may not always be the same as input user data. For example, many early email systems were not 8-bit clean; they seemed to transfer typical short text messages properly, but converted "unusual" characters (the control characters, the " high ASCII" characters) in an irreversible way into some other "usual" character. Many of these systems also changed user data in other irreversible ways – such as inserting linefeeds to make sure each line is less than some maximum length, and inserting a ">" at the beginning of every line that begins with "From ".

"Configuring Netscape Mail On Unix: Why the Content-Length Format is Bad" by Jamie Zawinski 1997 Until 8BITMIME, a variety of binary-to-text encoding techniques have been overlaid on top of such systems to restore transparency – to make sure that any possible file can be transferred so that the final output "user data" is actually identical to the original user data.

Transparency (human–computer interaction)

Any change in a computing system, such as a new feature or new component, is transparent if the system after change adheres to previous external interface as much as possible while changing its internal behaviour. The purpose is to shield from change all systems (or human users) on the other end of the interface. Confusingly, the term refers to overall invisibility of the component, it does not refer to visibility of component's internals (as in white box or open system). The term transparent is widely used in computing marketing in substitution of the term invisible, since the term invisible has a bad connotation (usually seen as something that the user can't see and has no control over) while the term transparent has a good connotation (usually associated with not hiding anything). The vast majority of the times, the term transparent is used in a misleading way to refer to the actual invisibility of a computing process.

The term is used particularly often with regard to an abstraction layer that is invisible either from its upper or lower neighbouring layer.

Also temporarily used later around 1969 in IBM and Honeywell programming manuals the term referred to a certain computer programming technique. An application code was transparent when it was clear of the low-level detail (such as device-specific management) and contained only the logic solving a main problem. It was achieved through encapsulation – putting the code into modules that hid internal details, making them invisible for the main application.

Transparency (behavior)

Transparency, as used in science, engineering, business, the humanities and in other social contexts, implies openness, communication, and accountability. Transparency is operating in such a way that it is easy for others to see what actions are performed. It has been defined simply as "the perceived quality of intentionally shared information from a sender". Transparency is practiced in companies, organizations, administrations, and communities. It guides an organization's decisions and policies on the disclosure of information to its employees and the public, or simply the intended recipient of the information.

For example, a cashier making change after a point of sale transaction by offering a record of the items purchased (e.g., a receipt) as well as counting out the customer's change on the counter demonstrates one type of transparency.

Transparency (film)

Transparency (known as Takedown in Europe) is a 2010 action film written and directed by Raul Inglis. This is Inglis's third film; it won him the Best Director title at the 2011 Leo awards.

Transparency

Transparency, transparence or transparent most often refer to transparency and translucency, the physical property of allowing the transmission of light through a material.

They may also refer to:

Transparency (album)

Transparency is the debut album by trumpeter Herb Robertson recorded in 1985 and released on the JMT label.

Transparency (graphic)

Transparency is possible in a number of graphics file formats. The term transparency is used in various ways by different people, but at its simplest there is "full transparency" i.e. something that is completely invisible. Of course, only part of a graphic should be fully transparent, or there would be nothing to see. More complex is "partial transparency" or "translucency" where the effect is achieved that a graphic is partially transparent in the same way as colored glass. Since ultimately a printed page or computer or television screen can only be one color at a point, partial transparency is always simulated at some level by mixing colors. There are many different ways to mix colors, so in some cases transparency is ambiguous.

In addition, transparency is often an "extra" for a graphics format, and some graphics programs will ignore the transparency.

Raster file formats that support transparency include GIF, PNG, BMP, TIFF, and JPEG 2000, through either a transparent color or an alpha channel.

Most vector formats implicitly support transparency because they simply avoid putting any objects at a given point. This includes EPS and WMF. For vector graphics this may not strictly be seen as transparency, but it requires much of the same careful programming as transparency in raster formats.

More complex vector formats may allow transparency combinations between the elements within the graphic, as well as that above. This includes SVG and PDF.

A suitable raster graphics editor shows transparency by a special pattern, e.g. a checkerboard pattern.

Transparency (data compression)

In data compression and psychoacoustics, transparency is the result of lossy data compression accurate enough that the compressed result is perceptually indistinguishable from the uncompressed input. In other words, transparent compression has no or imperceptible compression artifacts.

A transparency threshold is a given value at which transparency is reached. It is commonly used to describe compressed data bitrates. For example, the transparency threshold for MP3 to Linear PCM audio is said to be between 175 and 245 kbit/s, at 44.1 kHz, when encoded as VBR MP3 (corresponding to the -V3 and -V0 settings of the highly popular LAME MP3 encoder). This means that when an MP3 that was encoded at those bitrates is being played back, it is indistinguishable from the original PCM, and transparent to compression.

Transparency, like sound or video quality, is subjective. It depends most on the listener's familiarity with digital artifacts, their awareness that artifacts may in fact be present, and to a lesser extent, the compression method, bit-rate used, input characteristics, and the listening/viewing conditions and equipment. Despite this, sometimes general consensus is formed for what compression options "should" provide transparent results for most people on most equipment. Due to the subjectivity and the changing nature of compression, recording, and playback technology, such opinions should be considered only as rough estimates rather than established fact.

Judging transparency can be difficult, due to observer bias, in which subjective like/dislike of a certain compression methodology emotionally influences his or her judgment. This bias is commonly referred to as placebo, although this use is slightly different from the medical use of the term.

To scientifically prove that a compression method is not transparent, double-blind tests may be useful. The ABX method is normally used, with a null hypothesis that the samples tested are the same and with an alternative hypothesis that the samples are in fact different.

All lossless data compression methods are transparent, by nature. However, a double-blind comparison could still yield claims of perceived differences and thus lack of transparency, even though such claims would be in error.

Usage examples of "transparency".

A new transparency appeared, showing how the two portfolios would be reported under the traditional, accrual accounting and the mark-to-market approach.

The look in his eyes made Julia suddenly aware of the transparency of her barracan and the inadequacy of her harem dress, which left her midsection bare.

If her barracan hindered him, he gave no sign, but lowered his head to press his lips to the curves of her breast through its sheer transparency.

But then, as the last beat of lightning pulsed and faded, as transparency flowed back into the glass, I was startled by something that clung to the outside of the rain-washed window, and the sight of it blew away the solipsistic fantasy.

In the Northern counties this red Currant is called Wineberry, or Garnetberry, from its rich ruddy colour, and transparency.

All that, before a bottle of Chablis smoothed their way for the lobster, butter running down his thumb onto the white tablecloth, before the light and the aerator were installed and the plants submerged in the tank, before another delivery brought more bills and anonymous personalized invitations and a script indecently titled from a playwriting hopeful thirsting for production and before another rushed a lone angelfish in a plasticized transparency to take up residence among the water sprite and Ludwigia and wavering fronds of Spatterdock enveloped in silence and the eerie illumination neither day nor night, spooky was the word for it as his hand glided over her breasts, now could he feel it?

In this case Brentford, Middlesex Inside, as well as the cassette of exposed film there would be a completed address slip to be stuck on the packet of processed transparencies.

She counted five different nighties of varying styles, colors, and levels of transparency as well as a black teddy with snaps that went from the crotch to her breasts.

Nearly a quarter of a century ago there appeared in The Strolling Astronomer, the official organ of the Association of Lunar and Planetary Observers, a report to the effect that some of the craterlets on the floor of Plato were sometimes visible and sometimes not with the same instrument under apparently identical conditions of atmospheric transparency and seeing.

Spider-fine leythium lace gave the illusion of transparency, yet revealed nothing, the illusion of all color that was no color, but a walking shadow of a rainbow.

In the Northern counties this red Currant is called Wineberry, or Garnetberry, from its rich ruddy colour, and transparency.

The mineral and organic substances which it holds in suspension heightens its transparency.

She stood on the other side of the spectrometer, outlined against the tactite transparency of the bubble, as she watched the motionless stars beyond, now redshifted and elongated.

When embarrassed she would blush to the roots of that lemon hair and when she was frightened she blanched to the point of transparency.

I was surrounded by the stale smut of clubmen, stories to disturb callow youth, ads for transparencies, truedup dice and bustpads, proprietary articles and why wear a truss with testimonial from ruptured gentleman.