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Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English
synapse
noun
EXAMPLES FROM CORPUS
▪ How do they find the correct synapses out of the hundreds or thousands on each neuron?
▪ Muscle paralyzing agents tend to interfere with the synapse between nerve and muscle.
▪ Something is known of the physical nature of the change in the synapse.
▪ The mechanisms are likely to involve changes at both sides of the synapse.
▪ The opening of these channels either directly inhibits a neuron from firing or reduces the amount of neurotransmitter released into the synapse.
▪ Then impulses travel down both branches, and so on, until shifting the presynaptic voltage at a thousand different synapses.
▪ This is useful as the path involves very few synapses.
▪ With repetition, these synapses become less effective in causing the motor neurones to fire.
Douglas Harper's Etymology Dictionary
synapse

"junction between two nerve cells," 1899, medical Latin, from Greek synapsis "conjunction," from or related to synaptein "to clasp, join together, tie or bind together, be connected with," from syn- "together" (see syn-) + haptein "to fasten" (see apse). Introduced by English physiologist Sir Michael Foster (1836-1907) at the suggestion of English classical scholar Arthur Woollgar Verral (1851-1912).

Wiktionary
synapse

n. (context neuroanatomy cytology English) The junction between the terminal of a neuron and either another neuron or a muscle or gland cell, over which nerve impulses pass. vb. 1 (context intransitive English) To form a synapse. 2 (context intransitive English) To undergo synapsis.

WordNet
synapse

n. the junction between two neurons (axon-to-dendrite) or between a neuron and a muscle; "nerve impulses cross a synapse through the action of neurotransmitters"

Wikipedia
Synapse (disambiguation)

A synapse is a neural junction used for communication between neurons

Synapse may also refer to:

  • Synapse Product Development, a product development firm headquartered in Seattle, Washington, USA

In computing and information systems:

  • Apache Synapse, open source enterprise service bus (ESB) and mediation engine
  • Peltarion Synapse, a component-based integrated development environment for neural networks and adaptive systems
  • Synapse Audio Software, German software company that develops music production software for Mac OS and Microsoft Windows platforms

In science:

  • Chemical synapse, in neurobiology
  • Electrical synapse, in electrophysiology
  • Immunological synapse, in immunology
  • SyNAPSE, A DARPA project: Systems of Neuromorphic Adaptive Plastic Scalable Electronics
  • Synapse, Fujifilm Medical Systems Picture archiving and communication system application

In publishing:

  • Synapse (journal), a neurology journal
  • Synapse: The Magazine of the University of Nevada School of Medicine (online)
  • Synapse Magazine, produced by The Chester County (PA) Hospital and Health System (online)
  • Synapse (magazine), an electronic music magazine published 1976-1979
  • Synapse Group, Inc., a multichannel marketing company and magazine distributor
  • ''The Synapse: Oberlin College Science Magazine

In entertainment:

  • Synapse (City of Heroes), a superhero with super speed from the video game City of Heroes and the related monthly comic book
  • Synapse Films, a DVD releasing company specializing in cult and hard-to-find movies
  • Synapse Gaming, a Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania based video game engine developer
  • SYNAPSE Records, a record label
  • Synapse Software, an American computer game development and publishing company active during the early-1980s
  • Celestial Synapse, musical event held at the Fillmore West on the evening of 19 February 1969
  • Usurp Synapse, an screamo band from Indiana
  • Synapse (film), an upcoming film
  • Synapse, the fictional communications software in the 2001 film Antitrust (film)
  • Synapse, song by British post-grunge band Bush on the album Razorblade Suitcase
  • Synaps, series of Steinberger electric guitars
  • Synapse, an album by the independent, web-based, electronic/ dubstep artist known as Futret
Synapse (journal)

Synapse is a peer-reviewed scientific journal of neuroscience published in New York by Wiley-Liss to address basic science topics on synaptic function and structure.

SyNAPSE

SyNAPSE is a DARPA program that aims to develop electronic neuromorphic machine technology that scales to biological levels. More simply stated, it is an attempt to build a new kind of cognitive computer with similar form, function, and architecture to the mammalian brain. Such artificial brains would be used in robots whose intelligence would scale with the size of the neural system in terms of total number of neurons and synapses and their connectivity.

SyNAPSE is a backronym standing for Systems of Neuromorphic Adaptive Plastic Scalable Electronics. The name alludes to synapses, the junctions between biological neurons. The program is being undertaken by HRL Laboratories (HRL), Hewlett-Packard, and IBM Research. In November 2008, IBM and its collaborators were awarded $4.9 million in funding from DARPA while HRL and its collaborators were awarded $5.9 million in funding from DARPA. For the next phase of the project, DARPA added $16.1 million more to the IBM effort while HRL received an additional $10.7 million. In 2011, DARPA added $21 million more to the IBM project. and an additional $17.9 million to the HRL project. The SyNAPSE team for IBM is led by Dharmendra Modha, manager of IBM's cognitive computing initiative. The SyNAPSE team for HRL is led by Narayan Srinivasa, manager of HRL's Center for Neural and Emergent Systems.

The initial phase of the SyNAPSE program developed nanometer scale electronic synaptic components capable of adapting the connection strength between two neurons in a manner analogous to that seen in biological systems ( Hebbian learning), and simulated the utility of these synaptic components in core microcircuits that support the overall system architecture.

Continuing efforts will focus on hardware development through the stages of microcircuit development, fabrication process development, single chip system development, and multi-chip system development. In support of these hardware developments, the program seeks to develop increasingly capable architecture and design tools, very large-scale computer simulations of the neuromorphic electronic systems to inform the designers and validate the hardware prior to fabrication, and virtual environments for training and testing the simulated and hardware neuromorphic systems.

Synapse (magazine)

Synapse: The Electronic Music Magazine was a bi-monthly American magazine about synthesizers and electronic music published March 1976 to June 1979. During an era when commercial synthesizers were still pretty new and mostly DIY, Synapse was notable for its high production values, interviews with famous musicians, and articles by well-known writers.

The first production team consisted of editor Douglas Lynner, art director Chris August, photographer Bill Matthias and technical illustrator/circulation/publisher Angela Schill1. Staff changes brought managing editors Colin Gardner and Melodie Bryant. After 14 issues they ran out of funds and closed down.

The magazine issues have been scanned and posted online by its founder Cynthia Webster at Cyndustries.

Synapse (film)

Synapse is a science fiction thriller directed by music video director Kenlon Clark. The screenplay was written by Adam G. Simon who also penned the original story and screenplay for Man Down. Simon also stars in the film alongside Sophina Brown, Henry Simmons, Joshua Alba, Charley Boon and Will Rubio. The sound design for the film was done by Emmy Award winning sound designer Michael Archaki and the score was created by Christian Davis.

Synapse is the first theatrical content produced by Los Angeles Center Studios and Hollywood Locations.

Usage examples of "synapse".

The acetylcholine liberated at the axon endings of one nerve will affect the dendrites, or even the cell body itself, across the synapse and initiate a new nerve impulse there.

Do any specific cells or synapses show changes which correspond to the behavioural adaptation?

The soreness lifted out of my muscles, and my cloudy, cloggy thought processes cleared as though someone had flushed my synapses with jalapeno.

The glutamate is released from the presynaptic side of the synapse between the incoming perforant nerve and the hippocampal neuron.

Along the synapses of my brain, microscopic machines are implanting cultured oligodendrocytes, reversing the myelin-sheath breakdown along my neural pathways, disassembling the creaking old wetware threaded through my brain and CNS, grafting pluripotent stem cells into a collagen base to replace nerve tissue lost to injury and to scarring.

If skin presses skin with adequate firmness, the electrical synapses may be instantly established to transfer the orgasmic images.

If habituation occurs by reduction of the postsynaptic response at a single synapse, it could logically be a consequence of either pre- or postsynaptic processes, or of course a combination of both.

I felt the insidious tilt at the corners of perception as the tetrameth went barrelling along my synapses, and when it was my turn to do Trepp I almost got lost in the geometries of her face.

This would mean that new learning corresponds to the generation of new synapses or the activation of moribund old ones, and some preliminary evidence consistent with this view has been obtained by the American neuroanatomist William Greenough of the University of Illinois and his coworkers.

For instance, the morphologists Mary Chen and Craig Bailey have spent several years studying and measuring the synapses of the Aplysia abdominal ganglion.

Shock courses through every psychotronic synapse in my electronic, multipartite brain.

Then the filaments began to unwind from each other and porrect forward, their probing tips slowly winding their way round cells as they sought out synapses.

I had to go ahead without any significant foreplay, but I knew that he was wide awake, and I knew that he could tell himself, if it made it any easier for him, that it was only a delirious dream, only a hallucination, only some stray psychotropic protein making merry amid the synapses of his deluded brain.

As always, he pictured a lozenge of liver-like flesh nestled tumour-fashion at the heart of his brain, squirting out cold milky liquids into surrounding synapses.

Synapses could be strengthened like this by biochemically modifying their structure, or by changing their electrical properties, or by simple growth.