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Douglas Harper's Etymology Dictionary
short-timer

"one whose term or enlistment is about to expire," 1906, from short (adj.) + time (n.) + agent noun ending -er (1).

Wiktionary
short-timer

n. 1 (context military English) A soldier during the Vietnam war who had less than two months to serve. 2 (context military English) A person who would not be required to do a difficult or dangerous task. 3 (context colloquial English) An employee who has give notice of their intent to leave.

Usage examples of "short-timer".

A few short-timers, men and woman in for one-day safaris, watched the screens intently.

You go slumming for short-timers, working guys you normally wouldn't look at, that much I can understand.