What is "phaseolus vulgaris"

French \French\ (fr[e^]nch), prop. a. [AS. frencisc, LL. franciscus, from L. Francus a Frank: cf. OF. franceis, franchois, fran[,c]ois, F. fran[,c]ais. See Frank, a., and cf. Frankish.] Of or pertaining to France or its inhabitants. French bean (Bot.), the common kidney bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris). French berry (Bot.), the berry of a species of buckthorn ( Rhamnus catharticus), which affords a saffron, green or purple pigment. French casement (Arch.) See French window, under Window. French chalk (Min.), a variety of granular talc; -- used for drawing lines on cloth, etc. See under Chalk. French cowslip (Bot.) The Primula Auricula. See Bear's-ear. French fake (Naut.), a mode of coiling a rope by running it backward and forward in parallel bends, so that it may run freely. French honeysuckle (Bot.) a plant of the genus Hedysarum ( H. coronarium); -- called also garland honeysuckle. French horn, a metallic wind instrument, consisting of a long tube twisted into circular folds and gradually expanding from the mouthpiece to the end at which the sound issues; -- called in France cor de chasse. French leave, an informal, hasty, or secret departure; esp., the leaving a place without paying one's debts. French pie [French (here used in sense of ``foreign'') + pie a magpie (in allusion to its black and white color)] (Zo["o]l.), the European great spotted woodpecker ( Dryobstes major); -- called also wood pie. French polish.

1. A preparation for the surface of woodwork, consisting of gums dissolved in alcohol, either shellac alone, or shellac with other gums added.

2. The glossy surface produced by the application of the above.

   French purple, a dyestuff obtained from lichens and used for coloring woolen and silken fabrics, without the aid of mordants.
   --Ure.

   French red rouge.

   French rice, amelcorn.

   French roof (Arch.), a modified form of mansard roof having a nearly flat deck for the upper slope.

   French tub, a dyer's mixture of protochloride of tin and logwood; -- called also plum tub.
   --Ure.

   French window. See under Window.

Haricot \Har"i*cot\ (h[a^]r"[-e]*k[-o]; F. [.a]`r[-e]`k[-o]"), n. [F.]

1. A ragout or stew of meat with beans and other vegetables.

2. The ripe seeds, or the unripe pod, of the common string bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris), used as a vegetable. Other species of the same genus furnish different kinds of haricots.

Kidney \Kid"ney\ (k[i^]d"n[y^]), n.; pl. Kidneys (k[i^]d"n[i^]z). [OE. kidnei, kidnere, from Icel. koi[eth]r belly, womb (akin to Goth. gipus, AS. cwi[thorn] womb) + OE. nere kidney; akin to D. nier, G. niere, OHG. nioro, Icel. n[=y]ra, Dan. nyre, Sw. njure, and probably to Gr. nefro`s Cf. Kite belly.]

1. (Anat.) A glandular organ which excretes urea and other waste products from the animal body; a urinary gland.

   Note: In man and in other mammals there are two kidneys, one on each side of vertebral column in the back part of the abdomen, each kidney being connected with the bladder by a long tube, the ureter, through which the urine is constantly excreted into the bladder to be periodically discharged.

2. Habit; disposition; sort; kind; as, a man of a different kidney.
   --Shak.

   There are in later times other decrees, made by popes of another kidney.
   --Barrow.

   Millions in the world of this man's kidney.
   --L'Estrange.

   Your poets, spendthrifts, and other fools of that kidney, pretend, forsooth, to crack their jokes on prudence.
   --Burns.

   Note: This use of the word perhaps arose from the fact that the kidneys and the fat about them are an easy test of the condition of an animal as to fatness. ``Think of that, -- a man of my kidney; -- . . . as subject to heat as butter.''
   --Shak.

3. A waiter. [Old Cant]
   --Tatler.

   Floating kidney. See Wandering kidney, under Wandering.

   Kidney bean (Bot.), a sort of bean; -- so named from its shape. It is of the genus Phaseolus ( Phaseolus vulgaris). See under Bean.

   Kidney ore (Min.), a variety of hematite or iron sesquioxide, occurring in compact kidney-shaped masses.

   Kidney stone. (Min.) See Nephrite, and Jade.

   Kidney vetch (Bot.), a leguminous herb of Europe and Asia ( Anthyllis vulneraria), with cloverlike heads of red or yellow flowers, once used as a remedy for renal disorders, and also to stop the flow of blood from wounds; lady's-fingers.

Bean \Bean\ (b[=e]n), n. [OE. bene, AS. be['a]n; akin to D. boon, G. bohne, OHG. p[=o]na, Icel. baun, Dan. b["o]nne, Sw. b["o]na, and perh. to Russ. bob, L. faba.]

1. (Bot.) A name given to the seed of certain leguminous herbs, chiefly of the genera Faba, Phaseolus, and Dolichos; also, to the herbs.

   Note: The origin and classification of many kinds are still doubtful. Among true beans are: the black-eyed bean and China bean, included in Dolichos Sinensis; black Egyptian bean or hyacinth bean, Dolichos Lablab; the common haricot beans, kidney beans, string beans, and pole beans, all included in Phaseolus vulgaris; the lower bush bean, Phaseolus vulgaris, variety nanus; Lima bean, Phaseolus lunatus; Spanish bean and scarlet runner, Phaseolus multiflorus; Windsor bean, the common bean of England, Faba vulgaris. [1913 Webster] As an article of food beans are classed with vegetables.

2. The popular name of other vegetable seeds or fruits, more or less resembling true beans. Bean aphis (Zo["o]l.), a plant louse ( Aphis fab[ae]) which infests the bean plant. Bean fly (Zo["o]l.), a fly found on bean flowers. Bean goose (Zo["o]l.), a species of goose ( Anser segetum). Bean weevil (Zo["o]l.), a small weevil that in the larval state destroys beans. The American species is Bruchus fab[ae]. Florida bean (Bot.), the seed of Mucuna urens, a West Indian plant. The seeds are washed up on the Florida shore, and are often polished and made into ornaments. Ignatius bean, or St. Ignatius's bean (Bot.), a species of Strychnos. Navy bean, the common dried white bean of commerce; probably so called because an important article of food in the navy. Pea bean, a very small and highly esteemed variety of the edible white bean; -- so called from its size. Sacred bean. See under Sacred. Screw bean. See under Screw. Sea bean.

   1. Same as Florida bean.

   2. A red bean of unknown species used for ornament.

      Tonquin bean, or Tonka bean, the fragrant seed of Dipteryx odorata, a leguminous tree.

      Vanilla bean. See under Vanilla.

Bush \Bush\ (b[.u]sh), n. [OE. bosch, busch, buysch, bosk, busk; akin to D. bosch, OHG. busc, G. busch, Icel. b[=u]skr, b[=u]ski, Dan. busk, Sw. buske, and also to LL. boscus, buscus, Pr. bosc, It. bosco, Sp. & Pg. bosque, F. bois, OF. bos. Whether the LL. or G. form is the original is uncertain; if the LL., it is perh. from the same source as E. box a case. Cf. Ambush, Boscage, Bouquet, Box a case.]

1. A thicket, or place abounding in trees or shrubs; a wild forest.

   Note: This was the original sense of the word, as in the Dutch bosch, a wood, and was so used by Chaucer. In this sense it is extensively used in the British colonies, especially at the Cape of Good Hope, and also in Australia and Canada; as, to live or settle in the bush.

2. A shrub; esp., a shrub with branches rising from or near the root; a thick shrub or a cluster of shrubs.

   To bind a bush of thorns among sweet-smelling flowers.
   --Gascoigne.

3. A shrub cut off, or a shrublike branch of a tree; as, bushes to support pea vines.

4. A shrub or branch, properly, a branch of ivy (as sacred to Bacchus), hung out at vintners' doors, or as a tavern sign; hence, a tavern sign, and symbolically, the tavern itself.

   If it be true that good wine needs no bush, 't is true that a good play needs no epilogue.
   --Shak.

5. (Hunting) The tail, or brush, of a fox.

   To beat about the bush, to approach anything in a round-about manner, instead of coming directly to it; -- a metaphor taken from hunting.

   Bush bean (Bot.), a variety of bean which is low and requires no support ( Phaseolus vulgaris, variety nanus). See Bean, 1.

   Bush buck, or Bush goat (Zo["o]l.), a beautiful South African antelope ( Tragelaphus sylvaticus); -- so called because found mainly in wooden localities. The name is also applied to other species.

   Bush cat (Zo["o]l.), the serval. See Serval.

   Bush chat (Zo["o]l.), a bird of the genus Pratincola, of the Thrush family.

   Bush dog. (Zo["o]l.) See Potto.

   Bush hammer. See Bushhammer in the Vocabulary.

   Bush harrow (Agric.) See under Harrow.

   Bush hog (Zo["o]l.), a South African wild hog ( Potamoch[oe]rus Africanus); -- called also bush pig, and water hog.

   Bush master (Zo["o]l.), a venomous snake ( Lachesis mutus) of Guinea; -- called also surucucu.

   Bush pea (Bot.), a variety of pea that needs to be bushed.

   Bush shrike (Zo["o]l.), a bird of the genus Thamnophilus, and allied genera; -- called also batarg. Many species inhabit tropical America.

   Bush tit (Zo["o]l.), a small bird of the genus Psaltriparus, allied to the titmouse. Psaltriparus minimus inhabits California.

Phaseolus vulgaris, the common bean (also known as the string bean, field bean, flageolet bean, French bean, garden bean, green bean, haricot bean, pop bean, or snap bean), is a herbaceous annual plant grown worldwide for its edible dry seed (known as just " beans") or unripe fruit ( green beans). Raw or undercooked beans contain the toxin phytohaemagglutinin. Its leaf is also occasionally used as a vegetable and the straw as fodder. Its botanical classification, along with other Phaseolus species, is as a member of the legume family Fabaceae, most of whose members acquire the nitrogen they require through an association with rhizobia, a species of nitrogen-fixing bacteria.

The common bean is a highly variable species that has a long history of cultivation. All wild members of the species have a climbing habit, but many cultivars are classified as "bush beans" or "pole beans", depending on their style of growth. These include the kidney bean, the navy bean, the pinto bean, and the wax bean. The other major types of commercially grown bean are the runner bean ( Phaseolus coccineus) and the broad bean (Vicia faba).

Beans are grown in every continent except Antarctica. Brazil and India are the largest producers of dry beans, while China produces, by far, the largest quantity of green beans. Worldwide, 23 million tonnes of dry common beans and 17.1 million tonnes of green beans were grown in 2010.

The wild P. vulgaris was native to the Americas and was domesticated separately in Mesoamerica and in the southern Andes region, giving the domesticated bean two gene pools which remain separate to this day. Along with squash and maize (corn), beans are one of the "Three Sisters" central to indigenous North American agriculture.