Crossword clues for oxygenation
The Collaborative International Dictionary
Oxygenation \Ox`y*gen*a"tion\, n. [Cf. F. oxyg['e]nation.] (Chem.) The act or process of combining or of treating with oxygen; oxidation.
Wiktionary
n. the process of reacting or treating something with oxygen
WordNet
n. the process of providing or combining or treating with oxygen; "the oxygenation of the blood"
Wikipedia
Oxygenation may refer to:
- Oxygenation (environmental), a measurement of dissolved oxygen concentration in soil or water
- Oxygen saturation (medicine), the process by which concentrations of oxygen increase within a tissue
- Water oxygenation, the process of increasing the oxygen saturation of the water
- Dioxygen complex, the chemical details of how metals bind oxygen
- Great Oxygenation Event, an ancient event that led to the rise of oxygen within our atmosphere
Environmental oxygenation can be important to the sustainability of a particular ecosystem. Insufficient oxygen ( environmental hypoxia) may occur in bodies of water such as ponds and rivers, tending to suppress the presence of aerobic organisms such as fish. Deoxygenation increases the relative population of anaerobic organisms such as plants and some bacteria, resulting in fish kills and other adverse events. The net effect is to alter the balance of nature by increasing the concentration of anaerobic over aerobic species.
Oxygenation by water aeration can be part of the environmental remediation of a usually stagnant body of water. For example, Bubbly Creek in Chicago, Illinois, was hypoxic (deficient in oxygen) due to its use as an open sewer by Chicago's meat packing industry but has been oxygenated by introducing compressed air into its waters, increasing the fish population. A similar technique has previously been used in the Thames.
Dissolved oxygen (DO) is measured in standard solution units such as millilitres O per liter (ml/L), millimoles O per liter (mmol/L), milligrams O per liter (mg/L) and moles O per cubic meter (mol/m). For example, in freshwater under atmospheric pressure at 20 °C, O saturation is 9.1 mg/L.
In aquatic environments, oxygen saturation is a relative measure of the amount of oxygen (O) dissolved in the water compared to equilibrium conditions.
Supersaturation of oxygen (i.e. saturation levels above 100%) can occur naturally. The most common cause is oxygen production by photosynthetically active species such as plants and algae. According to Henry's Law, the equilibrium oxygen concentration is proportional to the partial pressure of oxygen gas. As air only contains about 21% oxygen the equilibrium concentration of pure oxygen gas corresponds to nearly 500% air saturation. The other reason is that the oxygen concentration can be slow to adjust to changes in the environment. A rapid increase in temperature can reduce the equilibrium concentration of oxygen to a value below the actual concentration in the water, giving raise to more than 100% saturation until the system has had time to equilibrate through diffusion. Supersaturation can sometimes be harmful for organisms and cause decompression sickness.
Solubility tables (based upon temperature) and corrections for different salinities and pressures can be found at the USGS web site. Tables such as these of DO in milliliters per liter (ml/L) are based upon empirical equations that have been worked out and tested:
ln(DO) = A1 + A2 * 100/T + A3 * ln(T/100) + A4 * T/100 + S * [B1 + B2 * T/100 + B3 * (T/100)]
Where ln is the natural logarithm and the other variables take the following values:
A1
=
-173.4292
B1
=
-0.033096
A2
=
249.6339
B2
=
0.014259
A3
=
143.3483
B3
=
-0.001700
A4
=
-21.8492
T
=
temperature ( kelvin)
S
=
salinity (g/kg)
To convert the calculated DO above from ml/L to mg/L, multiply the answer by (P/T)*0.55130, P=mmHg, T=Kelvin
Usage examples of "oxygenation".
He kept the aerator as low as possible, to make himself breathe great gasps that hurt his chest, but it made him dizzy, and he had to increase the oxygenation lest he faint.
His vital-signs display showed compensatory oxygenation kicking in, together with a flow of calmative redaction.
This is a salt adaptation which conserves energy, which, otherwise, might be constantly expended in maintaining an attitude in which oxygenation can occur.
The cardiac rhythm was normal, as was the blood pressure and arterial oxygenation.
The computerized infusion system purred on, managing oxygenation and dialysis and maintaining the boy's electrolyte balance.
Whereas the agnostic, if he stays true to his reasonable self, if he stays beholden to dry, yeastless factuality, might try to explain the warm light bathing him by saying, “Possibly a f-f-failing oxygenation of the b-b-brain,” and, to the very end, lack imagination and miss the better story.
Whereas the agnostic, if he stays true to his reasonable self, if he stays beholden to dry, yeastless factuality, might try to explain the warm light bathing him by saying, "Possibly a f-f-failing oxygenation of the b-b-brain," and, to the very end, lack imagination and miss the better story.
Within this beat the heart, centered rather than situated to the left as he had thought, still pumping the red blood up the huge aortic artery toward brain and kidneys, and the blue blood up the pulmonary artery to the lungs for oxygenation.