I.adjectiveCOLLOCATIONS FROM OTHER ENTRIES
an upper/lower limit (=the highest/lowest amount allowed)
▪ There is no upper limit on the amount you can borrow.
▪ Ensure the temperature in the aquarium does not fall below the lower limit.
bow/bend/lower your head (=look down)
▪ He bowed his head and tried not not to look at her.
cut/lower/reduce a price
▪ The company recently cut the price of its best-selling car.
cut/reduce/lower a rate
▪ The Halifax Building Society is to cut its mortgage rate by 0.7 percent.
drop/lower your eyes (=look down at the ground)
▪ The servants lowered their eyes as the countess walked past.
further/lower down a scale
▪ Bonuses are not paid to people lower down the salary scale.
hoist/lower the sails (=put the sails up or down)
leaden/lowering literary (= with a lot of grey cloud)
▪ The leaden skies cleared and the sun came out.
little/lower/high/greater etc likelihood
▪ There was very little likelihood of her getting the job.
lower a threshold
▪ the demand to lower the retirement threshold to 60
lower case
▪ lower case letters
lower class
lower down the line
▪ There should be more direct discussion between managers and workers lower down the line.
Lower House
lower orders
lower sb's expectations (=make someone expect less success, money etc)
▪ If you can't afford your dream home, you may have to lower your expectations.
lower school
lower standards
▪ He refused to lower his standards.
lower the temperature
▪ Paracetomol lowers your body temperature.
lower your voice (=speak more quietly)
▪ He lowered his voice to a whisper.
lower/cut/reduce taxes
▪ There’s no point promising to cut taxes if you can’t afford it.
lower/damage morale
▪ We need to avoid damaging people's morale.
lower/drop your gaze (=look down)
▪ Her eyes met his and she immediately dropped her gaze.
lower/inferior status
▪ In parts of the world, women still have inferior status.
lower/raise the age (=at which something can be done)
▪ The voting age was lowered from 21 to 18.
lower/upper etc deck
▪ I managed to find a seat on the upper deck.
▪ Eddie returned to the flight deck the part of an aircraft where the pilot sits.
lower/upper jaw
▪ an animal with two rows of teeth in its lower jaw
push sth higher/lower
▪ New technology has pushed the cost of health care even higher.
raise/lower the ceiling (on sth)
reduce/lower barriers
▪ We should be reducing barriers to imports from poor countries.
reduce/lower/bring down the cost
▪ If you go later in the year, it will bring down the cost of your holiday.
slightly higher/lower/better/larger etc
▪ January’s sales were slightly better than average.
the bottom/lower edge
▪ The lower edge of the window frame was starting to rot.
the lower/upper slopes of sth
▪ It was misty and only the lower slopes of Vesuvius could be seen.
the upper/lower body
▪ Slowly raise your upper body into a sitting position.
the upper/lower etc reaches of a river (=the upper, lower etc parts)
▪ We sailed down the lower reaches of the river.
the upper/lower half
▪ The upper half of the door contained a stained glass window.
the upper/middle/lower register
▪ the upper register of the cello
the working/lower class
▪ At this time most of the working class was very poor.
upper/higher/lower echelons
▪ the upper echelons of government
▪ Their clients are drawn from the highest echelons of society.
upper/lower/top/bottom lip
▪ His bottom lip was swollen.
COLLOCATIONS FROM CORPUS
■ ADVERB
even
▪ The proportion of actual spending met was even lower. 3.
▪ An increase in cotton exports would leave even lower stockpiles, raising concern about available supply.
▪ The president's popularity was even lower.
▪ When we worded the question a little differently, we got an even lower percentage.
▪ But, overall, our crime rate could and should be even lower.
▪ He fired into the jungle again and flew even lower than last time, but he could not draw fire.
▪ Between 1983 and the year 2000 the growth rate will probably be even lower at something around 2.5% perannum.
▪ Calcium chloride, another useful salt, will melt ice at even lower temperatures.
far
▪ The drop-out rate is far lower, and patients often find it more acceptable.
▪ The specials, publicized only on the Internet and good for weekend getaways, are far lower than any other fares.
▪ Acidifying droplets can reduce the growth of trees and crops, at concentrations far lower, than had been suspected up to now.
▪ Wage inequality has widened, with the gains for ordinary workers far lower than in previous economic expansions.
▪ The proportion in top jobs that combined clinical and academic roles was far lower.
▪ Wages were far lower in those countries than in the United States at the time, far lower, indeed.
▪ The chance that those who were vaccinated are those who succumbed is far lower.
▪ Wages were far lower in those countries than in the United States at the time, far lower, indeed.
much
▪ This is a much lower figure than Hand 91 found for his sample of 65 entomological theses.
▪ Exercise performed in the late afternoon or the early evening will force the body temperature to dip much lower during sleep.
▪ In hot and high areas where air density is much lower, performance will be different, with faster descents.
▪ Flutie could be available at a much lower price if the Redskins decide to get involved.
▪ This would explain the much lower residual pressures.
▪ In other words, margins were much lower in the Euromarkets than in domestic markets due to: 7.
▪ The light levels used here would certainly be much lower than this.
▪ Secondary schools offered more rungs on the career ladder, but the chance of becoming a head teacher was much lower.
significantly
▪ Some scepticism has been expressed by tenants as to whether independently judged rents will be significantly lower than those asked by brewers.
▪ Participation in east Jerusalem was significantly lower.
▪ But these facts are not indicative of a significantly lower priority, nor necessarily of a substantially more modest achievement.
▪ The significantly lower plasminogen activator activity of malignant ascites is associated with greatly increased concentrations of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1.
▪ The cancer subgroup, even those with very early tumours, had significantly lower cholesterol values than the group with polyps alone.
▪ Median and minimum arterial-alveolar oxygen tension ratios for ventilated infants on the first day were significantly lower in the random group.
▪ However, only for Dipentum did this result in significantly lower 5-ASA mucosal concentrations.
▪ Those parts of the envelope where the thermal resistance is significantly lower are described as cold bridges.
slightly
▪ The opportunity to purchase works at slightly lower prices had encouraged museums back into the market.
▪ London shares recovered from deep early losses to end slightly lower.
▪ The slightly lower figure may relate to the more discursive nature of the subject.
▪ The Kutchi Rabaris, for example, being a slightly lower sub caste of his own caste, aroused his disapproval.
▪ The Durava was a considerably smaller caste than the Salagama, and its social status was probably slightly lower.
▪ Fees are slightly lower November through April.
▪ The ratio was slightly lower than that achieved by the industry before nationalisation, but it was not markedly out of line with other countries.
▪ The interim dividend is 2.5p, against 1.75p and earnings were 0.5p higher at 8.2p after a slightly lower tax burden.
■ NOUN
case
▪ Another approach is to use a mixture of numbers, upper and lower case letters and large and small Roman numerals.
▪ The magic, upper and lower case, is gone.
▪ Upper and lower case variables of the same name are different.
▪ All its letters are in lower case and the picture cards incorporate both approaches.
▪ Input was lower case handwritten print via a graphics tablet.
▪ The text which appears in them is usually in lower case, but this doesn't matter.
▪ In some systems the input script is restricted to upper case unconnected letters, or lower case unconnected characters.
▪ Since variables named in lower case will never be confused with keywords, many programmers use upper case only for keywords.
class
▪ Its latent function was to ensure that the lower classes fitted in with the designs of their betters.
▪ In college he loved a young girl of a lower class and ruined her; she died a suicide.
▪ Fish knives were therefore only used by the middle and lower classes, and in this way it was considered non-U.
▪ One evening at supper he told a story illustrating his refusal to tolerate the insolence of the lower classes.
▪ Teachers find that the children become unteachable - those in the lower classes have to be fed sedatives to calm them down.
▪ Then you got the beatnik, maybe a lower class of person.
▪ Well, maybe, they could be, for once, treated just like their lower class brothers the football fans.
▪ There is substantial political energy inherent in the lower classes, and they are the active agents of major political change.
cost
▪ It thus provides lower cost loans by operating with narrower interest rate margins than those of domestic banking operations.
▪ For investors, this means lower costs.
▪ It is often possible to get money at much lower cost without risking your home, he said.
▪ Could resources be combined efficiently or different resources be used so that the same activities could be produced at lower costs?
▪ Leland realised that precise work equated to a better product at a lower cost.
▪ In addition to its lower cost, short-term debt offers one other advantage over long-term debt and that is its added flexibility.
▪ If the lower cost of funding is reflected in lease payments, leasing can be more attractive for small companies.
▪ A new soy-beef product was introduced to the consumer in March, 1973, as a lower cost alternative to ground beef.
costs
▪ Even farmer groups admit the policy is simply the result of the drive for higher productivity and lower costs.
▪ The goal is to cut the time it takes to develop new styles of sunglasses and lower costs, said Bausch&038;.
▪ Earlier settlements mean lower costs for the claimant's solicitor and big savings on experts' fees and other disbursements.
▪ Could resources be combined efficiently or different resources be used so that the same activities could be produced at lower costs?
▪ This combination of lower costs and increased market share makes the business well placed to benefit from any improvement in trading conditions.
▪ Would another strategy accomplish the same objective at lower costs?
▪ Coupled with this expertise, lower costs make arbitration a very attractive option.
▪ For investors, this means lower costs.
court
▪ Though flogging was restricted, the length of sentences which lower courts were empowered to impose was doubled.
▪ By its split vote, the justices upheld a lower court ruling against Lotus.
▪ The lower courts have approved the average cost basis, as contended by the Crown.
▪ A lower court forgave the debt, but the case went all the way to the Supreme Court.
▪ Despite the wide-ranging ramifications of the misappropriation theory, the lower courts have endorsed it in a number of important rulings.
▪ The case is pending before the lower court.
▪ Circuit in Atlanta unanimously dismissed great-uncle Lazaro Gonzalez's appeal of a lower court ruling earlier this year.
▪ She has already lost in the lower courts.
deck
▪ They were so named because of their comfortable leather seats on the lower deck.
▪ The lower deck, below the water line, was for cargo.
▪ On the lower deck, where all the people are, there is the sense of an outrageous and clarifying happiness.
▪ She climbed aboard the Mumbles train and huddled in a seat in the warmth of the lower deck.
▪ The lower deck, shining clean now, was thronged with steerage passengers.
▪ At first he had assumed that she had climbed down to the lower deck and gone forward.
▪ The Hearthware armour was a shining pile on the lower deck.
▪ Cabins include a toilet, shower and two lower deck beds.
end
▪ These changes in perception of distension at the lower end of the gut seem to be mirrored in the stomach.
▪ Under arbitrary regulation the costs of every program are greater than the possible benefits at the lower end of the range.
▪ On the lower end of the job market, the most popular employer, certainly for girls, was Lyons.
▪ At the lower end of the market much has also happened.
▪ The material taken out of the higher point of the site was deemed unsuitable for use at the lower end.
▪ These, thicker at their lower ends, had the plug or wedge driven between them.
▪ In contrast, the effect of expenditure appears to be progressive, with cash transfers being sizeable at the lower end.
half
▪ Jamila was fast asleep with a sheet over her lower half.
▪ Cybil was twisting Paw-paw so that the lower half of the body was doing the hula.
▪ Plastic pins simply pushed in to secure the lower half of the handle to the body of the mower.
▪ He sees a team that finished in the lower half of the National League in hitting, pitching and fielding.
▪ The third type seem to be solid, and are largely confined to the lower half of the main cloud.
▪ Here the monk was fumbling with the appalled geisha and tearing at the lower half of her kimono.
▪ A big brown beard covered the lower half of his thin, pale, serious face.
▪ Glover felt how the entire lower half of himself was beginning to go numb.
house
▪ Any proposal will be in trouble if it has to be approved by the upper house of parliament as well as the lower house.
▪ Cardoso passed his first and toughest hurdle when the lower house voted in favor of the measure two weeks ago.
▪ All told, the Communists could come out of the general election with some 45-50 seats in the revised 500-seat lower house.
▪ He was first elected to the lower house of parliament in 1963, taking the seat of his late father.
▪ Referendums can not be used to make significant changes in the voting system for the lower house of parliament.
▪ If there is a party with an absolute majority in the lower house it will form the government.
▪ A lower house of parliament would be elected by a system of proportional representation on the basis of universal non-racial adult franchise.
▪ The government still has a majority of 19 in the 545-seat lower house.
income
▪ All the studies have shown that there is a redistribution of income from the higher to the lower income groups.
▪ With lower incomes, businesses and households will be forced to curtail their investment and consumption spending.
▪ The two sets of allowances are a great benefit to many couples, particularly those on lower incomes.
▪ There are more people at higher incomes applying for apartments and they are squeezing out the people at the lower incomes.
▪ The danger is that the younger people with below median incomes actually have lower incomes than older people with below median incomes.
▪ Always vulnerable because they lack financial clout, lower income families are an easy target.
▪ What about the effects of lower income tax rates?
▪ Those with lower incomes pay, or should pay, a lower share of their income in tax.
interest
▪ Talk of lower interest rates in the New Year provided the main boost to sentiment.
▪ Much of the $ 154 billion cut will come from lower interest rates.
▪ Nevertheless, in so far as changes in interest rates affect expectations, lower interest rates may still contribute to higher investment.
▪ But along with the reduced risk comes lower interest rates.
▪ The figures have also been given a boost by much lower interest charges as a result of strong cash flow.
▪ Therefore, even firms that are a hundred percent domestic get an extra lift from lower interest rates.
▪ Hence they are more liquid than money market deposits and so carry a lower interest rate.
▪ A budget that stays in balance will mean lower interest rates and an end to the hidden tax I mentioned earlier.
jaw
▪ Mr Hallam was seen by a surgeon who found that his lower jaw was broken and he had damaged teeth.
▪ Rothman believes the muscle helps to lift the lower jaw and move it from side to side.
▪ For this species also, therefore, preferential destruction of upper and lower jaws is indicated.
▪ The lower jaw is easily unhinged and brought aboard.
▪ However, some skins had long side-burns terminating at the lower jaw.
▪ The other end attached to a bony spot on the mandible, or lower jaw.
▪ It has relatively large eyes and a small mouth, with small sharp teeth on both upper and lower jaws.
▪ Abscesses form classically under the lower jaw but can occur in other sites.
leg
▪ Perhaps he is bringing his forearm forwards and leaving the lower leg hanging down.
▪ Trainer D.. Wayne Lukas said the horse tore his right front suspensory ligament, which is in the lower leg.
▪ Lie on your side and bend the lower leg.
▪ Initial word from the training room was a lower leg contusion.
▪ Throw a reverse punch as before and bring the kicking knee forwards without raising the lower leg or turning the hips.
▪ Jones had the hairline fracture of his lower leg examined by a doctor....
▪ Lying on your stomach, lift your lower legs and let your partner push both heels against your thighs.
level
▪ At lower levels the proportion of wealth belonging to each group was smaller in Coventry.
▪ Interest expense will also be reduced since there will be a lower level of accounts receivable to finance.
▪ The two polls revealed lower levels of trust in those countries and people that historically have been Britain's enemies.
▪ Several sociological studies have shown that churchgoers have sharply lower levels of illegitimacy and divorce than others in the population.
▪ There are of course all kinds of truths that are not of this sort; but they lie on a lower level altogether.
▪ Both projects reported success in delaying onset of smoking among adolescents and in achieving lower levels of smoking uptake.
▪ In addition, blacks are still disproportionately represented in the lower levels of the stratification system.
limb
▪ Awards made during and after World War Two have the year of the award engraved on the reverse lower limb.
▪ The lower limbs are very high, allowing in morning sun and filtered or dappled light during the rest of the day.
▪ Symmetrical wasting and weakness was present in the upper and lower limbs and all tendon reflexes were absent.
▪ Jeanie the Half Woman, born without lower limbs, walks on her hands, cooks and even raised a family.
▪ Immobile, her lower limbs yet had the ripple of fined-down muscle about them, the promise of animal movement.
▪ She moaned and her body stretched, her lower limbs pressing tight against him, his thigh filling her inner thighs.
▪ Anyway, there's considerable loss of blood, massive lower limb and pelvic damage and some chest injuries.
limit
▪ Both have pushed up against a lower limit which is, I believe, economic in character.
▪ The lower limits of normal for serum uric acid are arbitrarily defined and may vary from one lab to another.
▪ Should there be a lower limit for undersize fish?
▪ In large transactions vendors may also negotiate a lower limit for individual items.
▪ This expression is an inequality, giving upper and lower limits on relationships between the measured variables.
▪ The lower limits of sensitivity for glucagon and atrial natriuretic peptide assay were 3.7 pmol/l and 1.1 pmol/l, respectively.
▪ But it would give them much-needed practice in monitoring lower limits in future.
▪ The present experimental lower limit on the lifetime is about 10 30 years, and it should be possible to improve this.
lip
▪ The latter's lower lip stuck out and her eyes flickered.
▪ He chewed his lower lip in a grudging silence.
▪ He nervously bites his lower lip and slowly shakes his head.
▪ He extended his lower lip and exhaled.
▪ Chewing on her lower lip, she trundled after him along a flagged passageway and up an ornate wooden staircase.
▪ Bigelow extended his lower lip again and blew.
▪ Biting hard on her lower lip, Isabel brushed away a traitorous tear.
▪ Her mouth was full, and a half-moon of light accentuated the lustrous curve of her lower lip.
order
▪ The lower orders were denied the privilege of the back door and entered through the front.
▪ These are of a lower order of urgency.
▪ Herzberg developed a more sophisticated analysis of the significance of higher and lower order needs.
▪ Second, the actual difficulties encountered overseas appeared to be of a considerably lower order of intensity than had been feared.
▪ Some worksheets may begin with simple lower order questions, leading on to a higher order question.
▪ He shows no urge to rub shoulders with the lower orders but, if anything, a tendency to keep his distance.
▪ In approaching any historical document there should be a progression from lower order to higher order thinking.
▪ The company blamed lower order levels for the decline.
part
▪ Joan wrapped the sturdy cloak more closely around herself, concealing all but the lower part of her face.
▪ The lower part of the course.
▪ Put it well into the lower part of the flame so that soot is deposited on both sides of the strip.
▪ Stone or marble was used for the lower parts of the walls, the upper being of sun-dried brick and timber.
▪ The movement falls into two repeated halves, the second having more chromatic lower parts.
▪ His face looked odd, the upper part brown, the lower part white.
▪ By 1901, the population had grown considerably but increased use of birth control was narrowing the lower part of the pyramid.
▪ Fish moved from the lower parts to the headwaters soon evolve local ways.
price
▪ Invariably, the own-brand range is offered at lower prices than the competing brands.
▪ The system went wrong in the 1970s when long-distance attracted new carriers with new technologies enabling them to offer lower prices.
▪ The advantages offered by mail order suppliers over retail outlets include a wider range of oils and lower prices on larger quantities.
▪ Private firms must be formidably efficient to overcome these handicaps and offer facilities at the same or lower prices.
▪ For 100 years, publicly owned utilities have sold electricity at lower prices than their private counterparts.
▪ Therefore providers ought to be able to agree to contracts for these services at a lower price.
▪ Jim McCrery, R-La., said competition among oil companies would guarantee lower prices for consumers.
rate
▪ Large body-size would, in fact, isolate them from their thermal environment because they would exchange heat at lower rates.
▪ Consumers will see lower rates on home equity loans and adjustable rate mortgages.
▪ Probably because of the very much greater stick forces and lower rates of pitch occurring in most light aircraft.
▪ The lower rates may be a better deal for most employers, but health coverage could be cut back too.
▪ The lower rate can be paid if any one of the requirements is satisfied either by day or at night.
▪ Accounts that pay monthly interest may offer lower rates than those where the interest is paid annually.
▪ Local authorities would get a lower rate of grant the more they let spending rise above these levels. 3.
▪ Some old people who were not included in the scheme as contributors receive a lower rate of pension.
reach
▪ We used the tongue in its lower reaches, where it licked land close to the edge of the Skaftafell site.
▪ It became a rough bridleway, leading through a series of gates on to the lower reaches of moorland.
▪ Councillor Enderby had all the fluency of a life spent in the lower reaches of local government.
▪ There's many more like them, and not just in the lower reaches of the Football League.
▪ Indeed, Rosebury could detect no microbial life at all in the bladder and lower reaches of the lungs.
▪ Quality flounder from the lower reaches of Poole harbour.
▪ Many males do not go far and remain in the lower reaches.
▪ She could either turn round, or brazen her way past the pressmen to the lower reaches of the parkland.
school
▪ We were asked to sit in the third and fourth rows and the lower school children filed in.
▪ During the lower school period there are no grades on these report slips.
▪ It is organize into upper and lower schools with a library in each building.
▪ Kirkby firemen prevented flames reaching the lower school annexe and nursery school, where classes continued close to normal for 140 youngsters.
▪ Consequently children in that school follow aspects of the arts throughout their time at the lower school.
▪ In the school, the fiction section of the lower school was catalogued first.
▪ The lower school had its own grassed and paved play area with plentiful equipment.
slope
▪ The village of Juniper Green may take its name from the Juniper bushes which once covered the lower slopes of the Pentlands.
▪ Lights were already beginning to diamond out of the shadowed pine woods on the lower slopes.
▪ The islands were not visible at all and only the lower slopes of Vesuvius could be seen.
▪ Subsoil Principally Belemnite chalk on the upper slopes, with Micraster chalk on the lower slopes.
▪ So they choose to plant grass and root crops in the few fields on the lower slopes.
▪ Above them rose the poor fields, littered with rock and gorse, the lower slopes of the mountain.
▪ The vegetated lower slopes are a Nature Reserve providing sanctuary for creatures of the wild.
▪ On the lower slopes the boundary hedges are of ancient and solid holly.
standard
▪ The general interior layout is magnificent, but later alterations have made the decoration of a lower standard.
▪ Conversely, they were punished with a lower standard of living and consequent lower status if they chose to have large ones.
▪ This dual negative combination may indicate a lower standard of research conducted in these departments. 7.9 Productivity.
▪ Q: Do crews of bargain airlines have lower standards?
▪ They often receive a far lower standard of care than patients in this country.
▪ This means that society is increasingly experiencing a lower standard of living than would be possible without rising levels of unemployment.
▪ Even accounting for the generally lower standard of software then, I reckon the reviewers were feeling generous.
▪ A lower classification does not imply lower standards.
tax
▪ In addition they called for lower taxes, free health care, cheaper housing loans and increased spending on state-owned industries.
▪ Presidents have been promising lower taxes since Washington crossed the Delaware by hand in a row boat.
▪ He believed that lower taxes were the route to higher growth and more jobs.
▪ Foreign money capitalized the long expansion that lower taxes helped to create.
▪ But lower taxes and a prudent approach to borrowing do not mean public spending fall; quite the reverse.
▪ To many voters, that means lower taxes.
▪ And once tax evasion becomes a habit it will continue even after lower tax rates are introduced.
▪ People want just taxes, more than they want lower taxes.
temperature
▪ This means that large fibrous structures form near T m, whereas greater numbers of small spherulites grow at lower temperatures.
▪ The heat can penetrate combustible materials, alter their composition and make them ignite at lower temperatures.
▪ If lower temperatures are used, the reducing sugar level may become too high.
▪ Bake in 450-degree oven for 15 minutes, then lower temperature to 325 degrees and bake 25 minutes more.
▪ C, as they seem more susceptible to the disease when kept at lower temperatures.
▪ A lower temperature brings deeper sleep with fewer awakenings.
▪ It does well at the lower temperature, and will take some time to adapt to the temperatures above 70°F.
▪ Calcium chloride, another useful salt, will melt ice at even lower temperatures.
PHRASES FROM OTHER ENTRIES
raise/lower the tone (of sth)
▪ Far from lowering the tone, the changes are set to improve it.
the higher/lower reaches of sth
▪ A booming hearty from the higher reaches of Personnel fills our glasses and remembers nearly everyone's name.
▪ A clutch of them have clawed their way to the higher reaches of educational administration.
▪ But in the higher reaches of the Yorkshire Dales, there is nowhere to hide.
▪ Councillor Enderby had all the fluency of a life spent in the lower reaches of local government.
▪ It became a rough bridleway, leading through a series of gates on to the lower reaches of moorland.
▪ Quality flounder from the lower reaches of Poole harbour.
▪ She could either turn round, or brazen her way past the pressmen to the lower reaches of the parkland.
▪ There's many more like them, and not just in the lower reaches of the Football League.
the lower orders
▪ For example, the first rise in expectations of the lower orders would be for more and better food before manufactured goods.
▪ For the most part the lower orders depended on selling their labour.
▪ Gin was, after all, commercially produced and consumed only by the lower orders.
▪ He shows no urge to rub shoulders with the lower orders but, if anything, a tendency to keep his distance.
▪ Journalists believed that their message could reach even the lower orders.
▪ The riots of 1736, too, had crystallized general resentments of the lower orders.
▪ We must have the freedom to make our mills successful, so that we can offer the lower orders employment.
▪ When friendships finally became possible for him they were with children of the lower orders.
the lower orders
▪ For example, the first rise in expectations of the lower orders would be for more and better food before manufactured goods.
▪ For the most part the lower orders depended on selling their labour.
▪ Gin was, after all, commercially produced and consumed only by the lower orders.
▪ He shows no urge to rub shoulders with the lower orders but, if anything, a tendency to keep his distance.
▪ Journalists believed that their message could reach even the lower orders.
▪ The riots of 1736, too, had crystallized general resentments of the lower orders.
▪ We must have the freedom to make our mills successful, so that we can offer the lower orders employment.
▪ When friendships finally became possible for him they were with children of the lower orders.
EXAMPLES FROM OTHER ENTRIES
▪ Foreign workers have fewer rights and get lower wages.
▪ I got lower grades than the other students in my class.
▪ muscles of the lower leg
▪ the lower deck of the stadium
▪ The baby's lower lip quivered and then she began crying.
▪ The dentist filled two teeth in my lower jaw.
▪ The divorce rate in Japan is much lower than in the U.S.
▪ The program is broadcast in the morning, a time when advertising rates are much lower.
▪ There's no doubt that lower energy prices are having some short-term impact on the stock market.
▪ They rejected our estimate and suggested a lower figure.
▪ We drove onto the lower deck of the ferry.
▪ your lower lip
EXAMPLES FROM CORPUS
▪ A higher interest rate will allow a smaller lump sum and lower annual deposits.
▪ Everyone knows that you get a lower air fare if you stay over a Saturday night.
▪ Her irises rest above the horizon of her lower eyelids; the stare fixes me.
▪ The 15 percent. was largely accounted for in the lower ranks.
▪ The alternative - that these lower levels are partly responsible for the development of oesophagitis - is also possible.
▪ The magic, upper and lower case, is gone.
▪ The second was added to the first, over the cheek and lower jaw, to give a further stage of disintegration.
▪ This expression is an inequality, giving upper and lower limits on relationships between the measured variables.
II.verbCOLLOCATIONS FROM CORPUS
■ NOUN
age
▪ Gay activists might offer the lowering of the age of consent or the war on Section 28.
▪ The Labour Party's manifestos at the last two general elections contained proposals to lower the main retirement age.
▪ Most of the sequence is middle Cambrian to lower Silurian age.
bank
▪ But will the banks not then lower their interest rates, thus encouraging people to borrow?
▪ The central bank last lowered interest rates on Dec. 14.
▪ If banks lower the interest rates they charge to borrowers, they must also lower the rate they pay to depositors.
▪ On Thursday, the central bank lowered both its floor and ceiling rates by a quarter point.
▪ If loan demand were weaker, you might see banks lowering the prime more.
▪ Traders said they expect the central bank to lower the key rates when it next lowers the two-week rates.
barrier
▪ This echoed a national unease at lowering complicated inter-provincial trade barriers which would upset thousands of special interest groups throughout the country.
▪ Crews lowered boom barriers several feet high around the nearby ponds.
▪ This torsion-angle strain would lower the activation-energy barrier for the phosphorylation of His15.
▪ Lowering the cost, yes, but also lowering the barriers that made them hard to use.
▪ After his election in 1984, Leon Febres Cordero lowered import barriers and subsidies, and ran a tight fiscal policy.
▪ Albright will be lowering yet another barrier to the advancement of women in public life.
▪ During phosphorylation, the active-centre torsion-angle strain should facilitate the phosphotransfer reaction by lowering the activation-energy barrier.
body
▪ Bend your arms at the elbow to lower body.
▪ Keeping the heat inside Sitting in a draughty room will lower your body temperature and make you feel cold and uncomfortable.
▪ Most reptiles utilize the buffering aquatic environment to lower body heat.
▪ Slowly lower your hands and body towards that leg.
▪ Bending your arms, lower your upper body backwards towards the ground and then straighten them without locking the elbows.
▪ She recognised his need, and lowered her body so that his anxious pego infiltrated deeper and deeper into her heavenly playground.
▪ Sit in a full splits position and lower the body gently to the floor in front.
cost
▪ In product markets characterised by complex production processes long-term supply contracts or sub-contracts are commonly used to try and lower these costs.
▪ If government subsidizes the production of some good, it in effect lowers costs and increases supply.
▪ A firm which innocently seeks to lower costs and improve product quality may simultaneously be making it harder for entry to occur.
▪ Similar House and Senate bills, which would lower campaign costs and restrict contributions and spending, were introduced last fall.
▪ Technology also plays a key role in lowering our costs.
▪ Similarly, in one situation, illegal non-capitalist practices -- labor fines -- lower the labor costs of a highly capitalist owner.
▪ Reducing their earnings lowers the airline's cost curves and therefore will most likely cause the airline to reduce its prices.
▪ As a result, insurance companies have no incentive to lower their costs, to find efficiencies, or to control fraud.
costs
▪ Meanwhile an intensive modernisation programme will attempt to lower production costs.
▪ If government subsidizes the production of some good, it in effect lowers costs and increases supply.
▪ To keep profits up, firms will need to lower costs or get more value for their money.
▪ Similarly, in one situation, illegal non-capitalist practices -- labor fines -- lower the labor costs of a highly capitalist owner.
▪ Clearly, if that leads to lower costs and more services, we support it.
▪ As a result, insurance companies have no incentive to lower their costs, to find efficiencies, or to control fraud.
▪ Technology also plays a key role in lowering our costs.
▪ By doing this, he lowers costs and raises profits.
expectations
▪ Just that the latter will have to lower their expectations and make do with imperfect versions of the former.
▪ First, we must lower our expectations.
▪ In many cases you have to lower your expectations accordingly.
▪ Others argued that, unless the families lowered their profit expectations, Iberian could never change.
▪ The suspicion is that Mr Koogle may have lowered expectations so he can later surpass them.
▪ But overall Niccol has done a fine, restrained job in a genre for which many of us have lowered our expectations.
▪ If the diamond fields were the key test, then Col Kposowa was keen to lower expectations.
▪ People lower their expectations according to their age, looks, and wealth.
gaze
▪ He stepped back from the microphone and lowered his gaze, lost in painful emotion.
▪ When Ryan read the charge of homicide of Menendez, Franco lowered his gaze from the bench and stared at his feet.
▪ She lowered her gaze hastily and found her irrepressible sense of humour surfacing.
ground
▪ Jackson lowered himself to the ground.
▪ His son was too heavy, and he lowered him to the ground, where he would stay.
▪ You will need a rope to lower them to the ground as they are heavy - throwing them down is dangerous.
▪ Frank lowered me to the ground.
▪ Masklin felt himself being slowly lowered towards the ground.
▪ The body will begin to lower towards the ground.
▪ As the body lowers towards the ground, place the palms of both hands on the floor for support.
▪ Ali lowers him to the ground, holding his left hand, and tries to get him to walk.
hand
▪ With every nerve tingling she lowered her hand, barely feeling the comb bite into her palm as her grip tightened.
▪ He looked straight ahead and lowered his hands slowly to his sides.
▪ Joe lowered his hands, with the belt still around them.
▪ At their services they sat quietly, eyes lowered and hands folded, waiting for the Spirit to prompt some one to speak.
▪ Slowly lower your hands and body towards that leg.
▪ He lowered his hand and put it over his chest.
▪ Bobo touched her crooked finger to her lips and then lowered her hand, palm upwards.
▪ Sitting with legs apart, stretch up, then twist at the waist and lower the hands and body towards one leg.
head
▪ Her head was lowered in obedience, but there was a faint smile on her cherry lips.
▪ Her head was lowered and her eyes were looking down.
▪ His very stance could be intimidating, standing with his head lowered, bull-like.
▪ Jack sat at the second mirror, his head lowered for maximum listening.
▪ Maria couldn't move her head or even lower her eyes, and time had slipped.
▪ Panting and cursing with pain and rage he came back, head lowered.
▪ Its body is hunched up in a strange way, with its wings drooped, its feathers ruffled and its head lowered.
▪ He found it and clung there for a while, then pushed clear and knelt among the waves, head lowered.
interest
▪ If banks lower the interest rates they charge to borrowers, they must also lower the rate they pay to depositors.
▪ If this were to inhibit credit expansion it could lead to lower interest rates.
▪ The central bank last lowered interest rates on Dec. 14.
▪ Thus an increase in money supply will lower interest rates.
▪ Also, if we slip into a recession the Fed could lower interest rates, forcing long-term Treasuries' prices higher.
▪ The policy-making Central Bank Council meets next Thursday to consider whether to lower key interest rates.
▪ The initial effect of a higher money growth rate is to lower the interest rate.
level
▪ At Foxton, the side ponds allow refilling immediately after down traffic has lowered the water level, saving valuable time.
▪ The three warm days that awoke the flies in the house have also considerably lowered the snow level.
▪ Information flows in both directions at once - from lower to higher levels and from higher to lower levels.
▪ Scientists will know more when they start lowering the water level next Tuesday.
▪ This type of migraine is triggered by lowered oestrogen levels which occur around the time of a period.
▪ Uricosuric agents generally do not lower uric acid levels below the normal range.
▪ In 1992, used car values have fallen to even lower levels.
▪ Hence, no exemplary model or incentive for change is provided to lower level managers.
limit
▪ We will lower the limit on the Post office monopoly much closer to the level of the first class stamp.
▪ Think small One such should be to lower the limits on the size and frequency of nuclear tests.
market
▪ Mr Petty is hoping to gain market share by lowering prices on popular menu combinations under a new three-tiered pricing program.
▪ Last month, after its preliminary soundings of the market, Dataquest lowered its industry sales forecasts.
▪ Current federal farm programs often guarantee growers a minimum price even if the market price drops lower.
percent
▪ The 9.57 percent devaluation lowered the value of the yuan from US$1.00 to US$1.00 yuan.
▪ Exports from that lovely island could be 40 percent lower in 1989 than in 1988.
▪ The evening cortisol level should be 50 percent lower then the morning result.
▪ On average prices were around 25 percent lower between 1720 and 1780 than they had been between 1660 and 1680.
▪ They closed 3. 0 percent lower at 474. 5p, down 14. 5p.
pressure
▪ Walking is a prevention against heart and circulatory disorders and may lower blood pressure.
▪ It may lower your blood pressure.
▪ The cooling fan blows air out of the system unit thus lowering the pressure inside.
▪ That diet lowered their blood pressure as much as a typical blood-pressure-lowering medication would.
▪ Before 1950 there were no generally recommended drugs to lower the blood pressure.
▪ One acupuncture patient was able to lower his blood pressure from more than 240 to 180 without drugs.
▪ The boiling point of a liquid can be reduced by lowering the external pressure.
price
▪ If the price had been £50 lower it would have earned a fourth star.
▪ Slumping heating oil prices drove other oil prices lower as well.
▪ His main concern was that prices were even lower.
▪ The companies have recently been negotiating deals with individual governments to lower prices.
▪ If he is not able to secure those approvals in a year, the price may be lowered.
▪ Current federal farm programs often guarantee growers a minimum price even if the market price drops lower.
rate
▪ Lavish praise given for undemanding and second rate efforts lowers standards rather then enhances them.
▪ Empowerment increases the opportunity costs of children, prompting later marriages and increasing the divorce rate, similarly lowering fertility.
▪ Interest rates have been cautiously lowered.
▪ Many deductions and tax shelters would disappear and in return, rates would be lowered under most flat tax plans.
▪ Interest rates must be lowered and the system suffused with liquidity.
▪ The initial effect of a higher money growth rate is to lower the interest rate.
▪ With the downward-sloping supply curve, higher interest rates lead to lower demand and lower supply.
▪ Traders said they expect the central bank to lower the key rates when it next lowers the two-week rates.
risk
▪ For there is by now a mountain of medical evidence that moderate consumption of alcohol dramatically lowers the risk of heart disease.
▪ Doing so lowers the risk of waking up stiff and sore.
▪ By diversifying your team, you lower the risk of being beaten on the playing field.
▪ By adding to your portfolio share with low betas, you can lower the combined risk of your holdings.
sail
▪ It only needed two men working in unison to raise and lower the junk sails to suit the wind strength.
standard
▪ Developing countries are attracting investment not by lowering their standards, but because they are making the best of their comparative advantage.
▪ Suddenly interested in the achievement of poor black schoolchildren, pundits, federal officials and policy-makers unanimously condemn Ebonics for lowering standards.
▪ Lavish praise given for undemanding and second rate efforts lowers standards rather then enhances them.
▪ He refused to lower his ethical standards for higher ratings.
▪ Food safety guarantees can lock food processors and distributors into purchasing home-produced food and not imports produced to lower standards.
▪ It may become dull and mechanized, lowering its performance standards and expectations in the inter-est of predictable functionality.
▪ Another response has been to dig deeper than usual into waiting lists or to lower admissions standards.
tax
▪ Under a social compact which runs until the end of 1990, the investing organizations will pay lower income taxes.
▪ Many deductions and tax shelters would disappear and in return, rates would be lowered under most flat tax plans.
▪ Boys, we lowered your taxes.
▪ The Nationalist plan would also lower the stock transaction tax to 0. 2 percent from the present 0. 3 percent.
temperature
▪ Keeping the heat inside Sitting in a draughty room will lower your body temperature and make you feel cold and uncomfortable.
▪ They then fan the water so that it evaporates and in doing so lowers the temperature.
▪ To cool, the motor forces air out of the box, so lowering the temperature.
▪ The heat evaporates the water and this also lowers the temperature.
▪ In Winter lower the temperature to around 66°F.
▪ Uplifted sediments would be brought from their depth-related temperature regime and subjected to lower temperatures at higher structural levels.
▪ A spray of fresh mineral water will lower your body's temperature instantly.
tone
▪ Far from lowering the tone, the changes are set to improve it.
water
▪ At Foxton, the side ponds allow refilling immediately after down traffic has lowered the water level, saving valuable time.
▪ I have to break the ice with a long pole before I can lower a bucket into water.
▪ I gave Becky to them and lowered myself into the water.
▪ Scientists will know more when they start lowering the water level next Tuesday.
▪ Endlessly clear skies and lowering water tables.
▪ Meanwhile, the draining of the small rivers for irrigation has lowered the water table in the region.
▪ A four-year drought in East Anglia and extra demands for water from a burgeoning local population have lowered the water table.
▪ The boats are swung out over the side, ready for lowering into the water.
■ VERB
raise
▪ Failing all this, raising and lowering your outstretched arms at your side is an accepted international distress signal.
▪ Missing was a windlass, used to raise and lower the anchor.
▪ These raise or lower, level by level, as you raise or lower the flame.
▪ A simple weaving shed or thread separator is used to raise and lower the warp threads through which the weft is woven.
▪ The threshold time is therefore automatically raised or lowered to compensate for the reader being swept too slowly or too quickly.
▪ It advises a user to raise or lower the number of seats at each fare.
EXAMPLES FROM OTHER ENTRIES
▪ Lowering its head, the bull charged at him.
▪ Houses have lowered in value recently.
▪ The Bundesbank is under pressure to lower interest rates.
▪ The coffin was lowered slowly into the ground.
▪ The old man lowered himself wearily into his chair.
▪ The old man just lowered at us as we walked by.
▪ We're lowering prices on all of our trucks.
▪ We had our kitchen cabinets lowered to be more accessible.
▪ We need to lower the mirror in the bathroom.
EXAMPLES FROM CORPUS
▪ At any moment he might trample into the road, lower his head, run at some one.
▪ Larsen then passed the window pane down to Grant, and lowered himself through in turn.
▪ Later a microphone was lowered to him.
▪ She lowered the sleeves, down, down, until they reached her wrists.
▪ The South Pasadena specialty food chain recently started lowering its prices for gourmet roasted whole beans.
▪ This is effective not because it lowers serum potassium concentration but because it directly antagonizes the membrane depolarizing effect of hyperkalemia.
III.verbEXAMPLES FROM CORPUS
▪ At any moment he might trample into the road, lower his head, run at some one.
▪ Larsen then passed the window pane down to Grant, and lowered himself through in turn.
▪ Later a microphone was lowered to him.
▪ Many brokerage house shares were also lower.
▪ She lowered the sleeves, down, down, until they reached her wrists.
▪ The South Pasadena specialty food chain recently started lowering its prices for gourmet roasted whole beans.
▪ They pursue reliability just because they know it leads to lower costs and increased market share.
▪ This is effective not because it lowers serum potassium concentration but because it directly antagonizes the membrane depolarizing effect of hyperkalemia.