noun
COLLOCATIONS FROM OTHER ENTRIES
combat inflation/crime/racism etc
▪ To combat inflation, the government raised interest rates.
galloping inflation/consumption etc
▪ galloping inflation of 20 to 30%
inflation rate
▪ an annualized inflation rate of 15%
rampant inflation
▪ rampant inflation
runaway inflation
▪ runaway inflation
COLLOCATIONS FROM CORPUS
■ ADJECTIVE
annual
▪ At the end of 1990 the annual inflation rate stood at 1,800 percent, the highest ever recorded.
▪ Prices rose 8. 1 percent in 1995, compared to annual inflation of 14. 5 percent in 1994.
▪ The annual rate of inflation for June was lower at 3.9%, and the underlying trend appears downward.
▪ The annual rate of inflation is running at almost 13%.
▪ By 1973 the average annual inflation rate had risen to 7.8 percent.
▪ The budget has reached £54,500 for the year with annual increases outstripping inflation.
▪ The annual rate of inflation, at 21.5 percent in 1990, had fallen to 12 percent by August 1991.
economic
▪ Its yield, a gauge of economic growth and inflation expectations, fell 8 basis points to 6. 07 percent.
▪ Longer-term maturities are more sensitive to expectations for economic growth and inflation.
▪ Stronger economic growth means inflation, which erodes the buying power of bonds' fixed payments, could be poised to rise.
expected
▪ But if the expected rate of inflation changes then the Phillips curve will shift.
▪ One is the expected rate of inflation, and the other is the real rate of interest.
▪ In other words, an increase in expected inflation of 5 percentage points shifts the Phillips curve upwards by 5 percentage points.
▪ This followed because the expected inflation rates in the two examples were identical, namely and.
▪ The same mistake concerning the expected rate of inflation is made year in and year out.
▪ Madrid: Shares closed lower as the government posted worse than expected inflation figures.
▪ In symbols,, where is the expected rate of inflation.
▪ The implicit assumption of the naive Phillips curve was that the expected rate of inflation was zero.
high
▪ The result was not only an increase in real wages but also a higher rate of inflation.
▪ Sometimes high inflation is associated with rapid economic growth and structural changes in an economy.
▪ Who, after all, wants to hold a currency if it will be worth less because of high inflation?
▪ That provision is 9.2 percent. higher than was planned for 1991-92, and the increase is twice as high as inflation.
▪ A high inflation figure would work against an interest rate cut, Rosenberg said.
▪ Andrew Oxley, of Langbaurgh, said high inflation hit the less well off hardest.
▪ Ancient economies were routinely ravaged by high inflation, which almost always shakes the political structure until its leaders tumble down.
low
▪ The lower inflation and freer market, it is claimed, has generated an economic recovery.
▪ The bond market, which thrives on slow growth and low inflation, rallied Wednesday for the second straight day.
▪ A zone of low inflation, in which we can compete with the best.
▪ But the fundamentals of low inflation and low growth failed to assuage the bond market yesterday.
▪ The Prime Minister A commitment to pensions means nothing if it is not matched by a commitment to low inflation.
▪ Locking in these continuing increases would only be practical if we could guarantee continued low inflation and economic growth.
▪ Countries with lower inflation rates resisted revaluation as this would reduce export profitability.
▪ This should be rewarded with lower inflation in 1993, after five years in which it rose continuously, if slowly.
rampant
▪ The rampant inflation that followed Henry VIII's currency speculations and which his successors could hardly limit hit them most of all.
▪ The scourge of unemployment was added to that of rampant inflation.
rising
▪ Taxes and customs duties were raised sharply, but were later scaled down after protests and because of fears of rising inflation.
▪ It suffers from current economic policy, with the holding down and restructuring of welfare benefits in the context of rising inflation.
▪ Bond-buyers have been spooked by rising inflation, most recently by April's 0.4% rise in core producer prices.
▪ In a time of rising inflation this had the potential of depriving the government of control over cash expenditure.
▪ From the mid-1970s the slow-down in economic growth and rising inflation sapped the confidence of policy-makers in demand management.
▪ After six years of rising unemployment, inflation dropped to a low point of 2.4% by July 1986.
underlying
▪ The underlying rate of inflation, excluding mortgage interest payments, rose from 3.2 percent in January to 3.4 percent in February.
▪ There was even better news on underlying inflation, which excludes mortgages.
▪ But take away the effect of the new council tax and underlying inflation has risen slightly.
▪ To find the underlying rate of inflation, it is necessary to look past such distortions.
▪ Earnings - up 4% in the year to March - are still rising faster than underlying inflation.
▪ Even more significant, is the fall in underlying inflation - down in the last year from 5.5 percent to 3.25 percent.
▪ Mr. Lamont My hon. Friend is drawing attention to an important point about the underlying rate of inflation.
▪ By promoting investment and improving skills, we will tackle the underlying causes of inflation.
■ NOUN
figures
▪ The inflation figures, and even pay settlements, have been less awful than might have been expected.
▪ The inflation figures suggest the economy can easily tolerate jobless levels once thought dangerous.
▪ John Major said the latest inflation figures provided the best basis for recovery, both for output and employment.
▪ Oil companies yesterday declared a gasoline price war, which should be reflected in lower inflation figures in future months.
▪ Gilts, meanwhile, surged by £2 on the inflation figures.
▪ Madrid: Shares closed lower as the government posted worse than expected inflation figures.
▪ At least, that was the argument before the poor inflation figures for January were published.
price
▪ The considerable price inflation between these two dates, for example, had an effect on the figures.
▪ The December retail price inflation report is due Thursday.
▪ There will be inflation, an increase in the money supply and, especially, house price inflation.
▪ I was going to ask the Chancellor whether his views about defeating inflation apply to house price inflation.
▪ This shows how far general price inflation has eroded the level of spending shown in the detailed cash figures.
▪ Widespread wage reductions were imposed during the recession of 1906-9 and price inflation thereafter impeded the recovery of real wage levels.
▪ The earnings cap, originally £60,000, was supposed to increase each year in line with retail price inflation.
▪ This implies that the original Phillips curve is the appropriate curve only when the expected rate of price inflation is zero.
rate
▪ This aided the operation of the fixed exchange rate system and helped to maintain a low inflation rate in the international economy.
▪ The current contracts are priced based on an 8 percent inflation rate for college tuition in Virginia.
▪ The government puts particular blame on car makers and pharmaceutical companies for an inflation rate that in December was nearly 20%.
▪ As a result, the value of the dollar has little impact on either domestic costs of living or the inflation rate.
▪ Does my right hon. Friend by any chance recollect the average inflation rate under the last Labour Government?
▪ Over time the structure of interest rates may change in response to changes in the inflation rate and the anticipated inflation rate.
▪ There will exist no inflation rate differentials which could justify exchange rate changes, if they were available.
▪ The real rate of interest is simply the difference between the market rate of interest and the inflation rate.
target
▪ The inflation target was set at 30 percent.
▪ He set a 2 percent inflation target for the medium-term, covering about five years, as in previous years.
▪ Few economists now take seriously the central bank's inflation target of 6.5 % this year.
▪ Few people will be cajoled into spending more by the announcement of an inflation target.
wage
▪ The markets, and the employers who are busy fuelling wage inflation, expect a depreciation.
▪ To try to preserve industrial peace and control wage inflation governments were forced to adopt a carrot-and-stick approach to the trade unions.
▪ So long as full employment was sustained by government policy, wage inflation was a natural consequence.
▪ This wage inflation can exist even when there is high unemployment and when there are no inflationary expectations.
▪ Plus, enter your cash flow assumptions, operating statistics ratios, and project Cost, Sales and Wage inflation separately.
■ VERB
accelerate
▪ At the same time accelerating inflation was making it difficult to take advantage of the improving atmosphere.
▪ Sluggish economic growth means interest rates will stay low amid tepid demand for loans and a reduced risk of accelerating inflation.
adjust
▪ So the interest rate should also be adjusted for inflation.
▪ Even serial killers get cost-of-living raises if they happen to have a pension adjusted for inflation.
▪ The 1992 equivalent, simply adjusting for inflation, would be £25.50 per child.
▪ Technically, Gingrich is correct that the numbers go up if not adjusted for inflation.
▪ Real disposable incomes of partners-#adjusted for inflation and progressive income taxation-have stabilised.
▪ The Watergate investigation received an initial authorization of $ 1. 8 million, adjusted for inflation.
▪ These dividends have provided most of the return on shares, if capital values are adjusted for inflation.
▪ The costs, which were not adjusted for inflation, outstripped median household incomes over the same period by 152 percentage points.
allow
▪ The domestic authorities can simply allow internal inflation to push down the rate of exchange.
▪ We are providing more support than ever before - £14 for every £10 spent in 1979, after allowing for inflation.
▪ Even allowing for inflation both these posts did well, but the gain in real terms was not enormous.
▪ Even allowing for inflation will not bring this down to less than twenty years.
▪ I shall be looking here at the effect of adjusting their published accounts between 1972 and 1991 to allow for inflation.
▪ Even after allowing for inflation, they should have made 16.1 per cent from holding Treasury bonds.
▪ And the owners say allowing for inflation, that's not enough.
bring
▪ Thus, setting annual targets for M3 would lead directly to bringing inflation under control.
▪ Unless, that is, he wants to be branded as the man who brought double-digit inflation back to Britain.
▪ Any attempt to reduce unemployment below this rate was sure to fail, according to monetarists, and would bring about higher inflation.
▪ By the early 1980s, it took an unemployment rate of 11% to bring inflation down.
▪ The government claimed that the policy had brought inflation down from 84 percent per month to 5 percent.
▪ The wage freeze was part of a campaign to bring down inflation from 2,000-2,500 percent to a target of 13 percent.
combat
▪ Appropriate fiscal policies to combat this demand-pull inflation would be a cut in government spending, or an increase in taxation.
▪ Peso-dollar parity, introduced in 1991 to combat three-figure inflation, is now working against the country's interests.
▪ In order to combat inflation the government imposed strict controls on foreign currency.
▪ Speaking at the end of the two days of talks, Mrs Thatcher said it had helped some countries combat inflation.
control
▪ A senior official in the State Statistical Bureau warned that demand had to be controlled to avoid runaway inflation.
▪ They say the Fed ultimately controls only inflation, not growth.
▪ Failure to control inflation meant that pensioners' incomes from savings were cut under the last Labour Government.
▪ This means controlling the money supply to control inflation.
expect
▪ Central bank officials said they agreed to cut rates after a better-than-#expected fourth quarter inflation report.
▪ Some analysts expect growth and inflation, and others anticipate recession and bad earnings.
▪ His comments came minutes after the release of official figures showing a higher-than-#expected rise in inflation last month.
fall
▪ Inflation in Britain, excluding oil and petrol, is 1.6 %, and prices of goods are falling.
▪ Investors gained a reason to bet on falling inflation rates today, when prices of commodities slipped.
▪ Queues have lengthened, real incomes have fallen and inflation has soared.
▪ Frankfurt: Prices fell sharply on inflation worries after news that wholesale prices surged by 1.1 percent.
▪ The growth rate fell, inflation soared.
help
▪ Competition will help to keep inflation down.
▪ Loan restrictions have helped cut the inflation rate in part by curbing money supply.
▪ A modest rise would help to hold down inflation and so reduce the need to raise interest rates.
▪ That would be good for bond investors, since a slowing economy would help contain inflation.
▪ Britain's flexible labour market and low taxation helped push unemployment and inflation to the lowest level for a generation.
▪ The plan helped cut inflation to 23 percent in 1995, from 941 percent the year before.
▪ Speaking at the end of the two days of talks, Mrs Thatcher said it had helped some countries combat inflation.
▪ The stronger peseta helps limit inflation by keeping down the price of imports.
increase
▪ Another participant pointed out that the Northern Ireland budget over the last five years had only increased in line with inflation.
▪ Hence the increase in demand that occurs when the growth rate of money increases drives up the inflation rate.
▪ Local authorities increased their spending much faster than inflation, which meant that business rates had increased faster than inflation.
▪ Mr Yeltsin does have some options to increase spending without higher inflation.
▪ Furthermore, with the passage of time land values generally would increase, especially if inflation continued.
▪ Perhaps by now that minimum has been increased to reflect inflation.
▪ These problems of themselves have increased inflation and indebtedness.
▪ But this was based on the assumption that the current tax relief limit of £30,000 would be increased in line with inflation.
keep
▪ Most years pocket money has kept well ahead of inflation, and this year is no exception.
▪ Every year after that a cost-of-living adjustment would be made to the wage to keep it current with inflation.
▪ The policy of economic rigour and monetary stability, which had kept inflation to around 3 percent, would nevertheless be maintained.
▪ They can afford not to keep up with inflation.
▪ The Reserve Bank Act, which guarantees the bank's independence and commits it to keeping inflation low, remains intact.
▪ The central bank may raise rates in order to keep inflation in check.
▪ Competition will help to keep inflation down.
▪ A: Money in savings accounts has no risk, but earns barely enough to keep up with inflation.
lead
▪ Excessive government borrowing can lead to inflation.
▪ The Bundesbank tracks M3 money-supply growth as a leading indicator of inflation.
▪ Thus, setting annual targets for M3 would lead directly to bringing inflation under control.
▪ If repeated often enough, the stimulus will lead to uncontrollable inflation.
▪ The flight of capital into dollars undermined the Rupiah and led to a rapid inflation of company debts.
▪ Monetarists argue that without monetary growth to finance the increased payments, higher production costs will lead to unemployment rather than inflation.
▪ Yet competitive devaluations cancel each other out; they lead only to inflation.
reduce
▪ The Government have reduced inflation only by imposing the second Tory slump in 10 years.
▪ Sluggish economic growth means interest rates will stay low amid tepid demand for loans and a reduced risk of accelerating inflation.
▪ That policy has been manifestly successful over the past 12 months in reducing the rate of inflation to 3.7 percent.
▪ Slow economic growth reduces the likelihood inflation will accelerate and erode the value of bonds' fixed payments.
▪ Thus Burton concludes from his discussion of employment subsidies in general that they are likely to increase rather than reduce the rate of inflation.
▪ Meantime, the government is already spending less, helping to reduce the threat of inflation and lifting bonds.
▪ Is he worried that it has taken such a deep and prolonged recession to reduce inflation to its current level?
▪ This was followed by a long expansion and sharply reduced inflation.
rise
▪ Property prices continued to rise substantially faster than inflation, and there was evidence of increasing public resentment towards speculators.
▪ Velocity rose as inflation raised the cost of holding money. 5.
▪ Among the best hedges against rising rates and rising inflation are real things.
▪ Earnings - up 4% in the year to March - are still rising faster than underlying inflation.
▪ Take-home pay rose persistently during the inflation of the 1960s and early 1970s.
▪ Bond buyers will demand higher interest payments to offset the fear of rising inflation.
run
▪ With inflation running at 3.6 percent, that means they are being asked to accept an effective pay cut of 2.1 percent.
▪ Besides menu costs, economists also discuss shoe-leather costs, because inflation makes people run around more, wearing down their soles.
▪ With inflation running at 600%, it remains a market in which it is all too easy to get lost.
▪ When Cardoso began his program as finance minister in 1994, inflation was running at 5, 000 percent annually.
▪ However, with inflation running at nearly 13 percent, the increase in real terms was much lower.
▪ According to the Middle East Times of Sept. 24-30, the country's annual inflation rate was running at around 700 percent.
▪ With inflation expected to run at about 5 percent, these boosts represent real gains.
▪ In Britain, in November 1990, inflation was running at 10.5 percent.