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Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English
extremism
noun
COLLOCATIONS FROM CORPUS
■ ADJECTIVE
political
▪ It also developed his implicit warnings against the dangers of political extremism.
EXAMPLES FROM CORPUS
▪ But we do all recognise that without that balance, in certain instances, absolutism can easily spill over into extremism.
▪ Nor has he condemned right-wing extremism without condemning the rarer left-wing sort in the same breath.
▪ Rather than reacting against the political orientations of their families, they tend to extend the extremism of their families' views.
▪ The extremism of the antagonistic, Western, post-Stalinist critic is mirrored in the extremism of the sycophantic Stalinist party apparatchik.
▪ The first is that it will be harder for the Tories to portray Labour as a party gripped by extremism.
▪ The irony is that our very success seems to breed more extremism in the environmental community and greater detachment from reality.
Douglas Harper's Etymology Dictionary
extremism

"disposition to go to extremes in doctrine or practice," 1848, from extreme + -ism.\n\nI would remind you that extremism in the defense of liberty is no vice! And let me remind you also that moderation in the pursuit of justice is no virtue.

[Barry Goldwater (1909-1998), acceptance speech as Republican candidate for President, 1963]

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Wiktionary
extremism

n. extreme ideas or actions

WordNet
extremism

n. any political theory favoring immoderate uncompromising policies

Wikipedia
Extremism

Extremism means, literally: driving (something) to the limit, to the extreme or the quality or state of being extreme, advocacy of extreme measures or views.

Nowadays, the term is mostly used in a political or religious sense, for an ideology that is considered (by the speaker or by some implied shared social consensus) to be far outside the (acceptable) mainstream attitudes of society. But extremism can, for example, also be meant in an economic sense.

The term "extremism" is usually meant to be pejorative: to express (strong) disapproval, but it may also be meant in a more academic, purely descriptive, non-condemning sense.

Extremists are usually contrasted with centrists or moderates. For example, in contemporary discussions in Western countries of Islam or of Islamic political movements, the distinction between extremist (= 'bad') and moderate (= 'good') Muslims is typically stressed.

Political agendas perceived as extremist often include those from the far-left politics or far-right politics, as well as radicalism, reactionism, fundamentalism, and fanaticism.

In different times there were many different definitions of "extremism". Dr. Peter T. Coleman and Dr. Andrea Bartoli give short observation of definitions:

Usage examples of "extremism".

As an example Lem points to state and antistate terrorism, ritualized violence in art and the media, political extremism, the ultra-right turn to neofascism in electoral practice, and the lasting attraction of death as an ultimate cultural bastion to be defeated.

Freedom of Speculation Act, credible sociohistorical data on the origins and evolution of Les Assassins des Fauteuils Rollents from obscure, adolescent, nihilistic Root Cult to one of the most feared cells in the annals of Canadian extremism was regrettably patchy and dependent on the hearsay of sources whose scholarly veracity was of an integrity somewhat less than unimpeachable.

Ross Mobley, founder of Americans Combating Extremism and father of Terrence Ross, had died.

As you say, she's hardly a poster girl for the orderly political process on Kornati, and this steady expansion of her 'manifesto' shows a degree of creeping extremism that comes pretty damned close to classic megalomania.

As Iran has shown, Islamic extremism is the psychological defense mechanism of urbanized peasants threatened with the loss of traditions in pseudo-modern cities, where their values are under attack, even as basic services like water and electricity have broken down.