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ethnic
Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English
ethnic
I.adjective
COLLOCATIONS FROM OTHER ENTRIES
an ethnic clash (=between people of different races)
▪ 20 people died in ethnic clashes before Christmas.
an ethnic community (=people of a particular race, usually one that is not white or not the majority in a country)
▪ Most members of ethnic communities in Britain were born here.
an ethnic group (=one whose members belong to a particular race or nation)
▪ The university welcomes enquiries and applications from all ethnic groups.
ethnic background
▪ We do not discriminate against people because of their ethnic background or gender.
ethnic cleansing
ethnic hatred
▪ Churches and mosques were burnt as ethnic hatred turned into violence.
ethnic minority
▪ racial discrimination against doctors from ethnic minorities
ethnic/racial conflict (=between people of different races)
▪ The ethnic conflict in the region has become violent.
ethnic/racial diversity (=including people from many different races)
▪ The school's curriculum reflects the ethnic diversity of its students.
ethnic/religious/civil etc strife
▪ a time of political strife
racial/ethnic violence (=between people of different racial/ethnic groups)
▪ There were outbreaks of racial violence in some cities.
COLLOCATIONS FROM CORPUS
■ NOUN
background
▪ Maternity work with women from varied ethnic backgrounds developed my interest into health education and promotion.
▪ No matter our actual ethnic background or political philosophies, we are all Protestant capitalists longing for permission to play.
▪ For many years a child from an ethnic background with problems has received twice the average funding.
▪ Clearly, emerging infections can affect people everywhere, regardless of lifestyle, cultural or ethnic background, or socioeconomic status.
▪ The latter are usually discriminated against by overt racist language which denigrates a person's colour and ethnic background.
▪ The racial and ethnic background of pregnant and parenting teens varies, of course, in different parts of the country.
▪ Might his experiences be the result of his own unique person rather than his ethnic background?
▪ The study included 548 Massachusetts schoolchildren of various ethnic backgrounds who were aged 11 and 12.
cleansing
▪ More have been wounded and others were victims of ethnic cleansing.
community
▪ There is a strong ethnic community and this causes friction in the community because of the lack of jobs.
▪ She writes boldly about Latina sexuality, challenging machismo in her ethnic community.
▪ The minority ethnic communities had been almost uniformly constructed as problem-ridden, undesirable and most of all invisible.
▪ Pre-election violence has erupted even within the same ethnic community.
▪ Applications are particularly welcome from women and those from minority ethnic communities.
▪ Multicultural and anti-racism training will also increase confidence in the police among minority ethnic communities.
▪ We are actively trying to improve the number of women and members of the ethnic communities who are reporters and presenters.
▪ It will lead to a better choice of candidates and ensure that more women and candidates from minority ethnic communities are elected.
conflict
▪ For it is an ethnic conflict, between peoples who see each other at close range.
▪ It may rip itself up with ethnic conflicts.
▪ Nabaa also reflects the legacy of ethnic conflict.
▪ This surge of humanity has disrupted land-holding patterns and economic relationships and engendered ethnic conflict.
difference
▪ This multiculturalism evacuates ethnic difference, transforming it into taste or style.
▪ Superimposed on these rural divisions there are also ethnic differences.
▪ This ethnic difference has not been explained.
▪ However, recently, there has also been emphasis on inequalities that arise out of gender or ethnic differences.
▪ She looks at national and local policies for mitigating the educational effects of gender and ethnic differences.
diversity
▪ This is not just a liberal euphemism for the city's ethnic diversity.
▪ The school prides itself on its ethnic diversity, Schaeffer said.
▪ This was not just a matter of ethnic diversity.
▪ We would argue that a close review of leading gangsters and organised-crime figures would reveal quite a degree of ethnic diversity.
division
▪ The degree of ethnic division represents socio-cultural heterogeneity.
▪ Izetbegovic stated that an ethnic division was not possible because the population was very mixed.
group
▪ The concern of this chapter, however, is with vertical inequalities - between social classes, ethnic groups and the sexes.
▪ She comes from every class, every ethnic group, every walk of life.
▪ The main congregation is divided into ethnic groups for time of worship, study and fellowship.
▪ Latinos, now about 29 percent, are expected to replace whites as the largest ethnic group in the decades ahead.
▪ Even with Owen's political definition, they came out below other national and ethnic groups.
▪ They also have the highest level of education of all ethnic groups in the country.
▪ Hostility and suspicion between the two ethnic groups in Krajina escalated.
▪ Certain ethnic groups are at higher risk for developing diabetes.
identity
▪ This paper will argue the importance of indigenous ethnic identity in influencing economic development in the region.
▪ In feminist research on poverty and resources within households; respondents again tend to be given no ethnic identity.
▪ The few available academic studies have shown that the adopted children grow up well-adjusted and comfortable with their ethnic identity.
▪ For instance, if one knew a person's ethnic identity one could predict his or her religion with some confidence.
▪ But even then, the claim to ethnic identity was more often fictional.
▪ In the mid-90s the government redrew its internal boundaries to reflect ethnic identity.
▪ Adherence to ethnic identities appears to be growing in strength all over the world.
lines
▪ In the specific conditions of post-colonial underdevelopment it is not unusual to find conflict within the bourgeoisie working along ethnic lines.
▪ Around the country, some voting is likely to follow ethnic lines.
▪ State boundaries are haphazardly drawn across land masses and linguistic, cultural and ethnic lines.
▪ It comes as no surprise that the caricatures are extended along ethnic lines.
▪ Suburban moderation cuts across the religious and ethnic lines so evident in the census and election returns.
▪ Systems have been developed along racial and ethnic lines.
▪ The provincial boundaries established by the Colebrooke-Cameron Reforms were deliberately designed to cut across traditional political and ethnic lines.
▪ In Moldavia there was a marked division of voting along ethnic lines.
minority
▪ In this section I shall use the term black or ethnic minority to refer to all non-white groups.
▪ They are democracies, have market economies and are making good-faith efforts to deal with ethnic minorities.
▪ There seemed to be few ethnic minority children, one in each class perhaps, certainly none in the youngest group.
▪ The Centre maintains a documentary resources centre and has recently set up a national ethnic minority statistical database.
▪ He allegedly said he would have continued bombing ethnic minority communities if he had not been caught.
▪ Special consideration should be given in information and assessment arrangements for members of ethnic minority groups.
▪ The force has pledged to hire 5,000 more ethnic minority officers by 2009.
▪ Each department was set a minimum target of 52 percent women and 10 percent ethnic minorities.
mix
▪ The United States also has a far greater ethnic mix than Britain.
▪ Dole needs to win New Jersey with its diverse ethnic mix and 15 electoral votes.
▪ What of the future of Bosnia, in particular, where there is a very complicated cocktail of ethnic mixes?
▪ The rich ethnic mix gave massive scope for discontent, disruption, tension and victimisation.
▪ The police have been told to make sure that their arrest record mirrors the ethnic mix of their patch.
origin
▪ More lists, long computer analyses of each individual - background, ethnic origins, age, record, previous political activities.
▪ Or, it may come from possessing the same ethnic origin.
▪ The present population of Britain also includes approximately 2.4 million people of minority ethnic origin.
strife
▪ Meanwhile, political and ethnic strife in Bosnia have steadily mounted in the run-up to nationwide elections there on September 14.
▪ Its people are overburdened by religious riot, ethnic strife, corruption and the absence of social infrastructure.
tension
▪ Moldavia refused to hold the referendum on the grounds that it would worsen ethnic tensions in the republic.
▪ The plagues of aggressive nationalism, racism, chauvinism, xenophobia, anti-semitism and ethnic tension are still widespread.
violence
▪ The rioting came two weeks after Britain's worst ethnic violence in 15 years, across the Pennines in Oldham last month.
▪ Why then the recent ethnic violence?
▪ Differences of interpretation emerged within days of the signing of the Sarajevo agreement as ethnic violence continued to escalate.
▪ Inter-ethnic violence has flared sporadically since independence.
▪ The rise of ethnic violence throughout the Eastern bloc is unfortunately the other side of the coin to self-determination.
PHRASES FROM OTHER ENTRIES
along religious/ethnic/party etc lines
▪ In Moldavia there was a marked division of voting along ethnic lines.
▪ In the specific conditions of post-colonial underdevelopment it is not unusual to find conflict within the bourgeoisie working along ethnic lines.
▪ It comes as no surprise that the caricatures are extended along ethnic lines.
▪ On Capitol Hill, reactions to Bush's proposals fell predictably along party lines.
▪ The committee voted 21-16, along party lines, to empower Burton.
▪ The Council, said the author, should not be reported as if it was divided along party lines.
▪ The vote was 35 to 24, almost strictly along party lines.
EXAMPLES FROM OTHER ENTRIES
Ethnic unrest is spreading throughout the south-western republics of the former Soviet Union.
▪ Employers cannot discriminate on the basis of racial or ethnic background.
▪ fighting in Bosnia between people from different ethnic backgrounds
▪ Hundreds of people have been killed in the recent ethnic violence.
▪ In California it is illegal to refuse to do business with someone because of their race or ethnic origin.
▪ In the large cities of Africa, where different ethnic groups with many different languages are thrown together, people communicate in English or Swahili.
▪ Reports of ethnic cleansing in former Yugoslavia forced the European states and the US into taking action.
▪ The Indonesians of the city form a distinct ethnic group.
EXAMPLES FROM CORPUS
▪ Bogus applicants offend ethnic minorities as much as anyone else.
▪ Harrassment of ethnic or religious minorities would result in various international sanctions.
▪ Only the Tories increased the number of their ethnic minority candidates, selecting two, moreover, for winnable seats.
▪ Real ethnic crimes have begun to replace imaginary ones.
▪ The ethnic mosaic of the neighborhoods.
▪ The adverse housing conditions of ethnic minorities are well known and not unexpected.
▪ Their concerns now became far more parochial and ethnic, and party considerations undoubtedly began to play a greater part.
▪ This surge of humanity has disrupted land-holding patterns and economic relationships and engendered ethnic conflict.
II.noun
EXAMPLES FROM CORPUS
▪ Many of those who constitute it would adhere to a world-renouncing ethnic based on a doctrine of separation from the world.
The Collaborative International Dictionary
Ethnic

Ethnic \Eth"nic\, Ethnical \Eth"nic*al\, a. [L. ethnicus, Gr. ?, fr. ? nation, ? ? the nations, heathens, gentiles: cf. F. ethnique.]

  1. Belonging to races or nations; based on distinctions of race; ethnological.

  2. Pertaining to the gentiles, or nations not converted to Christianity; heathen; pagan; -- opposed to Jewish and Christian.

  3. of or pertaining to a group having a distinct racial, cultural, religious or linguistic character; as, ethnic differences within a population can cause civil war.

  4. being a member of a distinct racial or cultural minority within a larger population; as, ethnic Chinese own most of the businesses in Indonesia.

Ethnic

Ethnic \Eth"nic\n.

  1. A heathen; a pagan. [Obs.]

    No better reported than impure ethnic and lay dogs.
    --Milton.

  2. a member of an ethnic group.

Douglas Harper's Etymology Dictionary
ethnic

late 15c. (earlier ethnical, early 15c.) "pagan, heathen," from Late Latin ethnicus, from Greek ethnikos "of or for a nation, national," by some writers (Polybius, etc.) "adopted to the genius or customs of a people, peculiar to a people," and among the grammarians "suited to the manners or language of foreigners," from ethnos "band of people living together, nation, people, tribe, caste," also used of swarms or flocks of animals, properly "people of one's own kind," from PIE *swedh-no-, suffixed form of root *s(w)e-, third person pronoun and reflexive, also forming words referring to the social group (see idiom). Earlier in English as a noun, "a heathen, pagan, one who is not a Christian or Jew" (c.1400). In modern noun use, "member of an ethnic group," from 1945.\n

\nIn Septuagint, Greek ta ethne translates Hebrew goyim, plural of goy "nation," especially of non-Israelites, hence "Gentile nation, foreign nation not worshipping the true God" (see goy), and ethnikos is used by ecclesiastical writers in a sense of "savoring of the nature of pagans, alien to the worship of the true God," and as a noun "the pagan, the Gentile." The classical sense of "peculiar to a race or nation" in English is attested from 1851, a return to the word's original meaning; that of "different cultural groups" is 1935; and that of "racial, cultural or national minority group" is American English 1945. Ethnic cleansing is attested from 1991.\n\nAlthough the term 'ethnic cleansing' has come into English usage only recently, its verbal correlates in Czech, French, German, and Polish go back much further.

[Jerry Z. Muller, "Us and Them: The Enduring Power of Ethnic Nationalism," Foreign Affairs, March/April 2008]

\n
Wiktionary
ethnic

a. 1 Of or relating to a group of people having common racial, national, religious or cultural origins. 2 Belonging to a foreign culture. 3 (context historical English) heathen, not Judeo-Christian-Muslim. n. 1 An ethnic person, notably said when a foreigner or member of an immigrant community. 2 An ethnic minority. (rfex) 3 (context archaic English) A heathen, a pagan. 4 (''in classical scholarship'') the demonym of an Ancient Greek city

WordNet
ethnic
  1. adj. denoting or deriving from or distinctive of the ways of living built up by a group of people; "influenced by ethnic and cultural ties"- J.F.Kennedy; "ethnic food" [syn: cultural, ethnical]

  2. not acknowledging the God of Christianity and Judaism and Islam [syn: heathen, heathenish, pagan]

Wikipedia

Usage examples of "ethnic".

There are scattered citizens of the Commonwealth who trace their ethnic ancestry back to a people knows as the Jews.

Arab-versus-Persian religious and ethnic disputes, to a personal animosity between Saddam Husayn and Ayatollah Khomeini.

In the shock from this he was sensible that he had not seen any woman-and-dog teams for some time, and he wondered by what civic or ethnic influences their distribution was so controlled that they should have abounded in Hamburg, Leipsic, and Carlsbad, and wholly ceased in Nuremberg, Ansbach, and Wurzburg, to reappear again in Weimar, though they seemed as characteristic of all Germany as the ugly denkmals to her victories over France.

Billy Barf, whose acquaintance with anything Italian was limited to the deuteragonist of Donkey Kong and a few canned-pasta commercials, insisted on speaking with his imperfect idea of an ethnic accent until Isaiah Two Four, detecting not only its inauthenticity but also its potential for insult, drew the young band eponym aside for a word or two, though Ralph Jr.

Bud ended up regretting having asked, because the answer turned out to be a great deal of general hoo-ha about these Parsis, who evidently wanted to make very sure no one mistook them for dotheads or Pakis or Arabs- not that they had any problem with those very fine ethnic groups, mind you.

In the 1960s and 1970s Ralph Haber, Jan Fentress and their colleagues, following up these studies, found a somewhat smaller proportion of US elementary school children with eidetic memory, but noted that the capacity was widely distributed amongst young children of both sexes, independent of ethnic origin, class or school performance.

The geographic boundaries accompany the social, ethnic, and cultural ones in expected ways.

My ancestors were flat-out robbed by the haoles and taken advantage of by damn near every other ethnic group.

The teams would begin inoculating ethnic Albanian children throughout the province as soon as they arrived.

The ethnic olla podrida which swarmed through the streets, however, did impress them, since their ancestors had known only themselves and the viracochas.

Determined that the burgeoning population of young Mexican-Americans will not go the way of other minority groups and eventually lose both their native language and their ethnic identity, they press ever forward with an agenda that deprives these immigrants of the fluency and expertise in English that the past assimilationist and immersionist models insisted upon.

The La Raza dinosaurs, along with other separatists and ethnic chauvinists, might lumber on in theory, but in fact would gradually die off as their habitat became depleted of new clients and their landscape altered through the effects of intermarriage and the assimilative youth culture.

Then first the bounds of neighborhood outspread Beyond all confines of old ethnic dread.

The wages of this original sin are with us still - the idea that so-called Chicanos can find parity with whites only through government coercion, income redistribution and racial chauvinism, rather than by the very hard work of traditional education that once ensured that Mexican kids spoke perfect English, knew as much about math and science as members of any other ethnic group, and expected to find status and respect by becoming educated and prosperous.

Indeed, the two phenomena are inextricably connected: the more the Chicano student takes therapeutic classes, the more he senses his own failure to achieve parity with other Americans, and the more he falls back on ethnic pride to supply the confidence he cannot acquire through intellectual achievement - and finally, the more his teachers, who themselves either cannot or will not instruct, must push the elixir of ethnic identification.