What does early mean

Crossword clues for early

early

Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English

early

I.adjective

COLLOCATIONS FROM OTHER ENTRIES

a previous/earlier study

▪ The report is a summary of the work done in earlier studies.

an earlier version

▪ The President vetoed an earlier version of the bill.

an early diagnosis (=at an early stage of a disease)

▪ Early diagnosis gives patients the best chance of recovery.

an early end

▪ Hopes of an early end to the conflict are fading.

an early frost (=one that happens before winter)

▪ I hoped the early frost wasn’t a sign of a bad winter to come.

an early lead (=a lead early in a game, election etc)

▪ Liverpool took an early lead with a goal from Steven Gerrard.

an early night (=when you go to bed early)

▪ I'm really tired - I need an early night.

an early sign (=a sign near the beginning of something that shows that it is happening, or that it exists)

▪ an early sign of spring

an early/earlier draft (=written before others)

▪ In earlier drafts of the speech, he criticized the pace of political progress.

an early/earlier draft (=written before others)

▪ In earlier drafts of the speech, he criticized the pace of political progress.

an early/initial setback (=happening quite soon)

▪ The policy has been successful, despite some early setbacks.

an early/late breakfast

▪ We had an early breakfast and left before 7.30.

an early/late shift

▪ Nobody wants to do the late shift.

an early/late start

▪ It was long trip so we had planned an early start.

an hour/three hours etc earlier/before

▪ I had just seen him a few hours earlier.

arrive early/late

▪ I don’t think we should arrive early.

as I mentioned earlier

▪ As I mentioned earlier, it will cost a lot of money.

at an early/late stage

▪ I can’t change my plans at this late stage.

at an early/young age

▪ Kids can start learning a second language at a young age.

at the first/earliest opportunity (=as soon as possible)

▪ He decided to leave school at the earliest opportunity.

be on the late/early/night etc shift (=be working a particular shift)

▪ She’s on the late shift.

book early

▪ We recommend you book early to avoid disappointment.

earlier chapters (=the ones before this one)

▪ All these have been mentioned briefly in earlier chapters.

earlier generations

▪ As with earlier generations of his family, he had been educated at Bootham School, York.

earlier/previous estimates

▪ These amounts are much higher than those given in previous estimates.

early booking

▪ Early booking is recommended because places are limited.

early civilizations (=existing before others, or at the beginning of a period of time)

▪ the early civilizations of Mesopotamia and the East Mediterranean

early death (=at a young age)

▪ Paul's first marriage ended with the early death of his wife.

early doors

▪ We were well on top early doors.

early evening (=the early part of the evening)

▪ We met for a drink in the early evening.

early in the morning

▪ He has to get up very early in the morning.

early middle age (=around age 40)

▪ Two women in early middle age sat next to him.

early promise

▪ Tracey showed early promise in mathematics.

early retirement (=before the usual or expected time)

▪ Staff are being asked to consider early retirement.

early warning

early years

▪ Little is known about his early years.

▪ He remembers the early years of television.

early/ancient history

▪ He had studied ancient Roman history.

early/late afternoon

▪ I arrived in Boston in the early afternoon.

early/late childhood

▪ Experiences in early childhood are very important.

early/late onset (=happening earlier or later than commonly happens – used especially about serious illnesses)

▪ The patient had a family history of early onset Alzheimer's disease.

early/late summer

▪ In the late summer of 1931, Joe returned to Oxford.

early/late teens

▪ We moved to York when I was in my early teens.

early/mid/late eighties

▪ Hilda Simpson was a woman in her early eighties.

early/mid/late fifties

▪ He must be in his early fifties by now.

early/mid/late forties

▪ The woman was probably in her mid forties.

early/mid/late nineties

▪ My grandfather was in his early nineties when he died.

early/mid/late seventies

▪ Bill must be in his mid seventies now.

early/mid/late sixties

▪ I’d say she was in her late sixties.

early/mid/late thirties

▪ She must be in her early thirties by now.

early/mid/late twenties

▪ She was in her early twenties when I met her.

from an early/young age

▪ She’d been playing the piano from a very early age.

initial/early optimism (=optimism that you feel at the start of a process, especially when it does not continue)

▪ There was initial optimism about a breakthrough in relations between the two countries.

knock off early

▪ Do you want to knock off early today?

late/early spring

▪ It was a cold, sunny day in early spring.

make a good/bad/early etc start

▪ He made a flying start at college, but then he didn't manage to keep it up.

retire early

▪ He was forced to retire early because of poor health.

sb's earliest memory

▪ My earliest memory is of being bitten by a dog.

take early retirement (=retire earlier than usual)

▪ He took early retirement in 1990 after 25 years at IBM.

the early morning

▪ A light frost covered the fields in the early morning.

the early part

▪ The school dates from the early part of the nineteenth century.

the early/initial stages

▪ Sometimes there are problems in the early stages of a project.

the early/late sixties

▪ the student riots in Paris in the late sixties

the early/mid/late 18th etc century

▪ the industrial towns of the early 19th century

the early/mid/late eighties

▪ Their troubles began in the mid eighties.

the early/mid/late fifties

▪ The play was written in the late fifties.

the early/mid/late forties

▪ He spent several years in Paris in the late forties.

the early/mid/late nineties

▪ The industry received a lot of bad publicity in the early nineties.

the early/mid/late seventies

▪ In the early seventies, Sag Harbor was still a peaceful village.

the early/mid/late thirties

▪ The family sold the house in the early thirties.

the early/mid/late twenties

▪ The photograph was taken in the late twenties.

the initial/early/final stages of negotiation

▪ The offer was in the final stages of negotiation.

turn up late/early/on time etc

▪ Steve turned up late, as usual.

COLLOCATIONS FROM CORPUS

■ ADVERB

▪ They were started as early as 1461, and the system is still being extended and improved today.

▪ And this museum, previously named the Museum of Non-Objective Art, was championing abstract art as early as the 1930s.

▪ Considering that closure for Deepcar station came as early as 1959, the lavatory sign has done well to survive.

▪ The redeployment could begin as early as Thursday night.

▪ Other material of wide interest dates from as early as the Saxon period.

▪ A ruling on the temporary restraining order could come as early as Tuesday.

▪ There is usually a waiting list, so places should be booked as early as possible.

▪ Houston also seized the mental high ground for a possible playoff matchup, which could occur as early as the first round.

▪ And a more leisurely dinner before we get to Winnipeg, instead of having to crowd it in early.

▪ He had come in early, not having been to bed, and placed his information on Coffin's desk.

▪ We went in early October, when river mist - or a fine drizzle - damped everything.

▪ Archie Watson retired in early July after thirty three years' as a weaver.

▪ It was also rent by internal feuds which culminated in early June in the resignation of Martin Loney, the general secretary.

▪ At the moment of writing in early 1991, Kumana, Gol-Oya and Wilpattu are no-go areas owing to guerrilla activity.

▪ Occasionally he will get in early to see the morning shift or stay late for the night shift.

▪ Autumn calving presumes mating in early to mid Winter, the worst possible period for this exercise.

too

▪ It's too early for me right now - besides I've got the best job in the world.

▪ Greenspan also said it was too early to judge whether the recent drop in the stock market could cause a recession.

▪ Her baby was born on May 24, but it is too early to know whether little Katya is infected as well.

▪ All the ailments that used to take us too early or too painfully are gone.

▪ The dangers of laying too early or too late are simple.

▪ Yet if you want to ensure a trouble-free retirement, it's never too early to start financial planning.

▪ There ain't many people in there - I suppose cos it's too early for people to have their tea.

▪ Twenty-seven were told that they were too early and to re-apply after the advertisement appeared.

very

▪ But this is one of the experiences that taught me very early in my career that I must do the opposite.

▪ And more than that, this global diffusion is only in its very early stages.

▪ Presumably, in the very early universe all the dimensions would have been very curved.

▪ These are still very early days and the options are wide open.

▪ Woolley had the squadron in the air very early.

▪ One must get out into the fields and woods very early to get one's share.

▪ So one has to use a quantum theory of gravity to discuss the very early stages of the universe.

▪ From a very early age, lower-working-class boys engage in rough, exclusively masculine forms of play, free of adult supervision.

■ NOUN

afternoon

▪ By early afternoon Leith owned that she was feeling more than a little drained.

▪ I think it was early afternoon.

▪ By early afternoon she had had enough and returned to the barn, desperate for the cool interior and something to eat.

▪ Probably in the early afternoon, when visitors look a whole lot less suspicious.

▪ It was early afternoon of the following day before Karelius found the opportunity to be alone with her.

▪ And for the rest of the morning on into early afternoon, HsingHsing eats cake and bamboo and carrots and gruel.

▪ I arrived at Annat in the early afternoon and was disappointed not to find any offers of refreshment on display.

age

▪ Mentally handicapped children should be given the opportunity of mixing with other children from an early age.

▪ Beginning at an early age, children need to begin to move tO independence.

▪ Elves are taught the arts of war from an early age and swiftly master the sword, the bow and the spear.

▪ Rules and orderliness appeal to girls from an early age, and so arithmetic in elementary school comes easily to her.

▪ Fortunately she'd learnt at a very early age never to be taken in by good looks alone.

▪ Spong does not advocate marriage at an early age.

▪ Giles was mad keen on planes from an early age.

▪ As for the politicians, they are almost as brutal as their predecessors of an earlier age.

childhood

▪ In all the cases they'd had a violent experience in earlier childhood.

▪ From early childhood they are schooled not to inflict themselves on others.

▪ When we apply these views to early childhood we begin to have a clearer picture of deaf children's future.

▪ Indeed, the schemata of adulthood have their origins in the schemata of early childhood.

▪ He had loved the magic and mystery of Stonehenge since early childhood.

▪ As said previously, the socialization of behavior is a continuous process that begins in early childhood with simple imitations.

▪ Certainly, no day of their early childhood ever ended without one or both of them being beaten up by some one.

▪ For more information, contact Barbara Griffith, coordinator of early childhood, at 410-222-5441.

days

▪ He's got no confidence - and Oliver, even from the earliest days, was always some one who had confidence.

▪ But her recollections of her earlier days were the richest she had.

▪ Canute had done that, in his earliest days, when he mutilated the Saxon hostages confided to him.

▪ In the early days, some who came here were outlaws and others came for the timber.

▪ Performance, however, at least in the early days was misinterpreted.

▪ Simply flying jet fighters in those early days involved high risk.

▪ In these early days Temperance was greeted with cynicism.

▪ In the early days it was seen as bringing a whirlwind of well-paid high-technology jobs to an area of record unemployment.

evening

▪ It was early evening when Edward got home.

▪ As I approached the veranda, three people got up from what appeared to be an early evening nap and came outside.

▪ Twenty-seven people were arrested when the police finally got the camp back under control in the early evening.

▪ And it somehow seemed perfectly coordinated with the stadium, the ground, early evening and the four of us.

▪ It was early evening when we visited Corrie.

▪ There were the dawns and dusks to observe, the midday transformations, the early evenings, the nights.

▪ But perhaps the early evening was better still?

▪ City walls, narrow streets, open shutters, old women sitting outside in the early evening.

history

▪ After unsettled early histories all six children came into the care of the local authority in June 1989.

▪ This feature was particularly emphasized in the early history of the Roman rite.

▪ Vincent's early history is the story of a great refuser.

▪ Sold to the museum by the New York conservator Mario Modestini, its early history is completely unknown.

▪ The earliest history of the use of pearls is difficult to establish.

▪ All the paintings were purchased through Christie's at some point in their early history.

▪ Tunnelling played an important part in the early history of quantum mechanics.

▪ The luminosity of the Sun in the early history of the Solar System was probably only about 70% of the present value.

life

▪ In this session Ann talked of her deprived early life and her first marriage, which ended when her husband walked out.

▪ What must it be like to know this about your early life?

▪ Perhaps you could tell our readers a little about your early life?

▪ At the beginning of his testimony Friday, Simpson described his earlier life, his rise from projects to athletic stardom.

▪ This act of betrayal is perhaps a more real reason for O'Brian's reluctance to talk about his early life.

▪ The only problem which cured itself was a horn that tended to cut the engine during the early life of the car.

▪ Little is known of his early life.

month

▪ In the early months, Reagan was meticulously attentive to the legislature.

▪ These early months gave him a brutally clear idea of what lay ahead.

▪ He often visited her in the early months, talking as if the passive figure in the background wasn't there.

▪ This happened once in my early months at the Department of Health and Social Security.

▪ In the early months of 1944, Bomber Command losses hit an all-time high.

▪ The industrial scene thus looked much more alarming in the early months of 1 978.

▪ Active planning and discussion of an international conference occupied the early months of 1944.

morning

▪ A dab with a handkerchief and an early morning sniff was my subterfuge.

▪ BofA stock fell 1 / 2 to 7615 / 16 in early morning trading.

▪ Fish come up from the deep sea in the early morning and the early evening.

▪ It seems that he meets with several fellows regularly for an early morning walk.

▪ It was Kelly Connor's early morning call.

▪ Exercise is best for a pet in the early morning or late evening when the temperature is lower.

▪ For the past week the Mayor has suffered with the men as they respond to early morning calls.

▪ The February early morning was chilly, with a hint of snow to come in the air.

part

▪ Garland puts it much later, in the early part of this century.

▪ Much of it was hard going, especially in the early parts.

▪ Many species of bird were virtually wiped out in the early part of the century to supply the demand for decorative feathers.

▪ Nickinello says he expects to see many of those trends to continue in the early part of 1996.

▪ The restored canvas will go on show in the early part of next year.

▪ In fact, the system developed during the transition to industrialisation in the early part of the present century.

▪ And so the early part of the night passed quite quietly.

▪ That was some time during the early part of the morning.

period

▪ A few examples are extant from this early period but most of these have been greatly altered.

▪ This was by an average of 4. 8 cents a year or four times the amount of the earlier period.

▪ This period of growth confirmed the patterns of the earlier period in the support for Paisleyism.

▪ Certainly for earlier periods the rarity and high monetary value of items will place them beyond the reach of schools.

▪ Conveyances of land From a very early period the courts have been opposed to restrictions upon the free alienation of land.

▪ From the early period of tin mining to the 1940s women were often concentrators of minerals.

▪ It differs widely from marriage as seen in earlier periods of social development or in some other Western countries.

▪ The Crown then repaid the capital sum with interest from 31 July 1987 but refused to pay interest for earlier periods.

retirement

▪ Attitudes towards employment, retirement, and early retirement are not formed in a vacuum.

▪ No wonder they take early retirement.

▪ Some had been finding work a strain and early retirement came as a relief.

▪ Even for those who have the means, the price of early retirement may be too high.

▪ Maybe I would explore the possibility of early retirement in the end.

▪ By conservative estimates, the agency has pared 2, 200 jobs in the past two years through attrition and early retirement.

▪ But my guess is early retirement too, unless you're prepared to go back to divisional work.

▪ Mr Gubbay had already agreed to take early retirement in June but the government wants him out of the way before then.

spring

▪ This can be re-planted in early spring.

▪ One day during the late winter or early spring of 1920, Margarett picked up the telephone.

▪ These can be bought during early spring or detached from mature specimens and planted out in March and April.

▪ In early spring, 1861, the new Confederate government decided to force the issue.

▪ Together, the two men left the bar and walked out into the soft sea air of La Perla in early spring.

▪ We tour a lot in late winter and early spring, too, when sleet likes to put in an appearance.

▪ Magnolias, daffodils and bluebells bloom in profusion in early spring.

▪ I visit on a night in early spring.

stage

▪ He would like indicators that can help planners to avoid problems in the early stages of a project.

▪ Even in the early stages of such a base, astronauts would visit for months at a time.

▪ The early stages are the most critical in achieving high environmental standards and safe operation.

▪ This may explain why the early stages of intoxication feel qualitatively different from later stages.

▪ But it is very important to get medical help in the early stages.

▪ Division of the sediment into two fractions at an early stage is therefore recommended.

▪ The differences become more apparent once the earliest stages have been left behind.

▪ The scheduling of payments should also be covered at an early stage.

start

▪ An early start had been checked by a lack of cheap fuel and she fell further behind by 1914.

▪ We had an earlier start than I expected and now we are taking more time to turn the corner.

▪ Surely an early start on atoms and molecules must somehow be brought about.

▪ Dennis excused himself, saying he had to make an early start the following morning.

▪ I've a very early start in the morning.

▪ Or get an early start on that long weekend commute, then catch up from home.

▪ Sunday, early start as massive crowds are expected.

▪ He tells the driver that tomorrow will require an even earlier start.

summer

▪ When he woke up, stiff and uncomfortable, the early summer dawn was lighting the room.

▪ By early summer, she could no longer walk unassisted.

▪ Peasant disturbances were numerous in the spring and early summer of 1861, but declined sharply thereafter.

▪ Maremont pushed aside his business and civic work and spent most of the early summer barnstorming through Illinois.

▪ We would hope to do the construction during the spring or early summer this year.

▪ The river is benign now but will turn into a threatening torrent when the monsoons begin in early summer.

▪ The herbaceous Paeonias are part of the glory of flower borders in the early summer.

▪ In early summer of 1951, we heard the news we had been waiting for.

work

▪ Probably the most important early work experience you can have is to have sold something.

▪ Pitts discusses the early work, giving it much wider play than it receives in any of the previous books.

▪ L'ascension, his largest early work, was also transcribed for organ.

▪ His early work was done the old-fashioned way, drawn shot by shot.

▪ The study builds on earlier work on employers' associations and training policy in the same four industries.

▪ But the true importance of this early work by Willadsen lies in his technique.

▪ These apocalyptic still lifes emphasise more strongly than the earlier work Christa Dichgans' preoccupation with the psychic reality of objects.

▪ In the earlier work the circular, arching and swinging elements are played off against an angular, somewhat disjointed pictorial armature.

years

▪ In its earlier years it was extremely outspoken in its condemnation of anything that failed to gain its approval.

▪ In those early years, pillage and embezzlement had already led to fearful disasters.

▪ I found the early years far harder to cope with than the teens and others often agree with me.

▪ From the earliest years, girls are taught the importance of appearance.

▪ They, and the schools we went to, helped preserve a brown Fifties environment all through our early years.

▪ They were willing to accept low base salaries in the early years of their contracts in exchange for large signing bonuses.

▪ What happens if the conditions for establishing basic trust and security are unfavourable during the early years of childhood?

PHRASES FROM OTHER ENTRIES

(have a) late/early night

at the earliest

▪ He'll arrive on Monday at the earliest.

▪ But the borrower must cooperate with the lender, particularly by answering correspondence and making contact at the earliest possible moment.

▪ Cosby is expected to testify, but not until Monday at the earliest.

▪ If you are wrongfully dismissed, you should therefore seek alternative employment at the earliest opportunity.

▪ It should be noted that this type of shelf should be replaced with something more suitable at the earliest opportunity.

▪ It was not associated with the occult until the eighteenth century at the earliest.

▪ It was then decided that the attack should be made on the next morning, at the earliest hour practicable...

▪ The first set might not show up until 1998 at the earliest.

▪ The full inquests will be heard in May at the earliest, with families hoping at last to discover the truth.

at your earliest convenience

▪ We should be grateful if you would reply at your earliest convenience.

▪ Could you therefore please telephone me at your earliest convenience?

▪ I also enclose a Medical Assessment Card which you should complete and return at your earliest convenience.

early/late riser

▪ A red squirrel was another early riser.

▪ At 0630 hours the first of the early risers entered the cookhouse for breakfast.

▪ By the evening they are still full of energy when the early risers wilt.

▪ Graduate students in most institutions are notoriously late risers, who work way past conventional bedtime.

▪ It will be particularly useful for early risers who once had to endure deafening music from Benidorm bars until the small hours.

▪ The restaurants are late risers as well.

▪ There was the possibility of kingfisher and water rail for early risers on the morrow.

▪ We were early risers on the first morning.

run late/early/on time

▪ Don called - he's running late, so we'll start without him.

▪ He makes our trains run on time.

▪ In other words: - Keep the job running on time.

▪ Maybe she could get the London Underground to run on time?

▪ Passenger trains never ran on time now.

▪ Station refurbishment seems a mere insult when the trains don't run on time.

EXAMPLES FROM OTHER ENTRIES

▪ early automobiles

▪ Early detection of cancer improves the chances of survival.

▪ a man in his early twenties

▪ By early 1995, the business was close to bankruptcy.

▪ Hey, you're early! It's only five o'clock.

▪ If we want to get to Las Vegas by noon, we'll have to make an early start.

▪ Many of the earliest settlers here were from Sweden.

▪ the story of her early life in India

▪ The train was ten minutes early.

▪ We're planning to go to Barcelona in early September.

EXAMPLES FROM CORPUS

▪ A financial panic ensued, as frantic as the earlier boom.

▪ Accordingly, the psychiatry of the early twentieth century based its image of sanity on that model.

▪ At other times, there may be signs of early cancer.

▪ By the early 1970s, partly preoccupied by family life, Tutin was seen far less in the theatre.

▪ Or has democracy itself been adapted to accommodate earlier suspicions and hostility?

▪ Rush and others said early intervention to keep kids out of gangs is just as important as locking up youthful offenders.

▪ The key similarity for Freud lies in the dominance of unconscious processes both for infants and for early man.

▪ The records of early years tell little about Negro servitude in tobacco country.

II.adverb

COLLOCATIONS FROM CORPUS

■ VERB

arrive

▪ Harry had arrived early for his appointment with Cunningham and was already regretting it.

▪ Two candidates, Buchanan and Alexander, arrived early for campaign appearances.

▪ To force them to arrive early is beyond comprehension.

▪ Three days later, he arrived early at the Higgins Middle School and opened the gym.

▪ I used to arrive early in the morning before the household had left on their rounds.

▪ Arrive early in the evening for a spot at the sushi bar, where most pairs go for about $ 3.

▪ The trouble with arriving early at a park is you don't look convincing pretending to take an interest in the roses.

▪ Larson arrived early to unlock the front door and changed quickly into his swimming trunks.

begin

▪ Bodily proportions at birth suggest that the growth reduction began early in gestation.

▪ The work will begin early this year and is expected to be completed in 1999, Kasler said.

▪ Full-scale mining is due to begin early next year.

▪ My advice to parents is: begin early.

▪ An initial seismic survey will be completed in 1993 with exploration drilling scheduled to begin early in 1994.

▪ It had begun early that morning.

▪ Building work starts on the factory in the summer and production will begin early in 1993.

▪ Margarett did not record her interest in art in the diary she began early in 1912.

come

▪ And then, that fatal day when he came early.

▪ At the height of the Maine summer; when dawn came early, the town did not see the daylight.

▪ They said that's just in case the baby comes early, that's all they said.

▪ So late in November, the dusk came early.

▪ I had imagined it would come early to both of them.

▪ In short, the decision came early.

▪ Robert and Christine's mother came early this morning and took them back to London.

▪ The wealthy came early, joined the host in the dining room for the best food and drink.

leave

▪ One night they secretly told all employees, except Peter to leave early.

▪ Lesser fines for getting to work late, or leaving early, or failing to report a problem with a machine.

▪ Instead they left early and began the walk to the hotel.

▪ He started coming in late, leaving early, even disappearing for chunks of the day without articulating why.

▪ Finally, he decided to make good on the excuse he'd used to leave early and connected with the dish system.

▪ We leave early the next morning.

▪ Included are regular guided walks, one of which leaves early after a very serious breakfast!

▪ I decided to leave early and find her at the factory.

retire

▪ Controversy has also surrounded the terms under which Mr McNeill and four other senior education officials have been able to retire early.

▪ Cosby portrays a blue-collar worker who was forced to retire early from an airline.

▪ Iris is totally dependent on Donald who retired early to care for his wife.

▪ Financial advisers warn consumers not to depend much on either their pensions or Social Security to help them retire early.

▪ He retired early in 1981 so he could nurse his wife Ruby, who was partially paralyzed with polio.

▪ Those with the longer periods received higher payments than those with shorter periods and were more likely to have retired early.

▪ People considering retiring early would be caught by that punitive tax.

▪ He was in his early fifties and couldn't be retired early, except on a very much reduced company pension.

start

▪ It is a relatively easy run down if we start early in the morning.

▪ The evening gets started early at 7: 30 p. m. and sells out early, with an expected crowd of 320.

▪ The Center wants high schools to offer one or two college-level courses for college-bound students to get them started early.

▪ The cases started early and kept going, with new patients arriving daily.

▪ I suppose he has to start early.

▪ I start early and go late into the night.

▪ Like most soldiers' days, 30 June started early.

▪ Disseminated histoplasmosis can be treated effectively if the diagnosis is made quickly and anti-fungal drug therapy is started early.

warn

▪ Similarly, lessons from across the world show that early warning signs of conflict are ignored at our peril.

▪ The best early warning signal is to be aware of your own attitude.

▪ The computer maker warned early this month that its quarterly earnings would be well below analysts' expectations.

▪ The antibody test is the best early warning device available.

▪ Timely recognition of emerging infections requires early warning systems to detect new infectious diseases before they become public health crises.