I.nounCOLLOCATIONS FROM OTHER ENTRIES
a budget deficit
▪ Last year there was a budget deficit of US $70,000,000.
a budget/tax proposal (=a budget/tax plan)
▪ Criticism of the budget proposals was voiced by the International Monetary Fund.
annual budget/income/cost etc
▪ a household with an annual income of $60,000
budget constraints (=the limited amount of money that is available)
▪ With any new project, you have to be aware of the budget constraints.
budget surplus
▪ a huge budget surplus of over £16 billion
budget talks
▪ The dollar fell as U.S. budget talks appeared unlikely to produce an agreement.
cash/budget/financial etc crunch
▪ Cost cutting had enabled the organization to survive a previous cash crunch.
draw up a budget (=plan of how to spend the money that is available)
▪ Each year business managers draw up a budget.
the defence budget (=amount of money a government makes available for defence)
▪ They have called for the defence budget to be increased.
tight budget
▪ As you know, I run the magazine on a pretty tight budget.
COLLOCATIONS FROM CORPUS
■ ADJECTIVE
annual
▪ The annual defense budget stands at about $ 7 billion-40 times smaller than U.S. expenditures.
▪ The average annual budget for state travel offices is $ 8. 7 million.
▪ As director, he will be responsible for over 4,000 kilometres of roads and an annual budget of £50 million.
▪ SURFnet has an annual budget of about 1 million ECUs for research and development, paid by the Ministry of Economic Affairs.
▪ Prince Rainier finances most of his team's annual budget of £800,000.
▪ That's.02 percent of our annual budget.
▪ The unit employs 1,100 and has an annual budget of £33m.
▪ From 1930 until 1937 the total annual budget of the 515 never exceeded $ 17, 400.
big
▪ Consider Britain, where Tesco, a supermarket chain, is now the brand with the biggest ad budget.
▪ Now that he has the reputation to command big budgets, his films are simply gorgeous.
▪ He believed in big defence budgets and plenty of parades.
▪ Surprisingly in view of its much bigger budget, Notting Hill seems a more personal film than Four Weddings.
▪ However, the more scary his pronouncements, the bigger his budget became.
▪ One thing Carry Ons have never been is big budget movies.
▪ The agency has recently outlined some ambitious plans, including a bigger budget for the Ames laboratory to carry out more experiments.
▪ Such big-budget films benefit the industry in a variety of ways.
federal
▪ Any macroeconomic fiscal policy would, therefore, have to be carried out through the federal budget.
▪ Even in cities which generally fared well in the face of federal budget cuts, the impacts in these areas were significant.
▪ Though sharply reduced in the last couple of years, federal budget deficits continue.
▪ They have kept the government shut to pressure the president to agree to a seven-year plan to balance the federal budget.
▪ Clinton and congressional Republicans have been at odds over a plan to balance the federal budget in seven years.
▪ Medicare, Medicaid and other entitlement programs that comprise two-thirds of the federal budget.
▪ In fact, the federal budget is designed to deflect responsibility away from politicians.
tight
▪ The government would end price controls and subsidies to industry, and impose tight budgets and curbs on welfare spending.
▪ And, Tom was working on a tight budget.
▪ With tight defence budgets, Trinidad is trying to change the law to make use of seized assets a priority.
▪ Some may experience considerable pressure to meet technical or scientific goals within a short time or within a tight budget.
▪ We had a really tight budget and we feared the cost of turning it into a home was way beyond our means.
▪ The panel wanted to make the new drugs accessible to poor Texans but was faced with a tight budget.
▪ Working on a tight budget, we opted for more on-board memory at the expense of a large capacity harddisk.
▪ The competition set a fairly tight budget so Julia decided to mix second-hand clothes with new ones.
total
▪ The total annual operating budget of the Cyclone Preparedness Programme was under US$136,000.
▪ Most top intelligence bosses like the secrecy, arguing that revealing even a total budget will increase pressure to release details.
▪ In many primary schools, this is likely to be up to 88 percent of the total budget.
▪ Sunnyvale was starting with large reserves, and its total budget was only $ 125 million.
▪ Only about £500,000 out of a total budget of £160m was involved.
▪ The total budget for the project is $ 5. 4 million.
▪ The total budget for 1992 will be approximately US$3.8 million.
▪ The total budget for 1996-97 was $ 6. 3 million.
■ NOUN
agreement
▪ Last year's budget agreement included new goodies for oil.
▪ Congressional Republicans have made an increase in the debt ceiling contingent on a balanced budget agreement to their liking.
▪ Investors fear that without a budget agreement, the Federal Reserve will decline to cut interest rates.
▪ A look back to 1990, to the disastrous budget agreement reached by George Bush, should provide Republicans with some comfort.
▪ Divisions among Republicans about how quickly to push for a budget agreement already are apparent.
▪ Optimism about the likelihood of a budget agreement is helping to maintain healthy bidding for Treasurys.
▪ Prices were lifted after budget negotiators in Washington cancelled meetings today and delayed talks aimed at reaching a balanced-budget agreement.
amendment
▪ Any balanced budget amendment has to have some exceptions and some implementation provisions.
▪ Senate debate on the proposed balanced budget amendment could begin as early as next week.
▪ If so, a balanced budget amendment could leave the budget-cutting job to the courts.
▪ Without the balanced budget amendment, the jury remains out on both questions.
▪ And this probably explains why the balanced budget amendment to the Constitution seemed to be in trouble last week.
▪ I believe the balanced budget amendment proposal would subject the nation to unacceptable economic risks in perpetuity.
▪ The balanced budget amendment forces Washington to live up to its responsibilities and address budget issues honestly.
cut
▪ The proposed budget cuts would have affected housing subsidies, pensions, family payments and civil service pay.
▪ Even in cities which generally fared well in the face of federal budget cuts, the impacts in these areas were significant.
▪ And Britain's military capability-marginally useful to us during the Gulf war-has vanished with successive budget cuts.
▪ But there was a budget cut after a year, and I was laid off.
▪ The work of regulatory agencies was also undermined by budget cuts and a concerted unwillingness to enforce existing regulations.
▪ The bureaucrat will almost always say that a budget cut is sure to result in the loss of jobs.
▪ Supervisors said then they might have to consider budget cuts to make up for the energy costs.
▪ The administration's treatment of the National Fire Plan already indicates how budget cuts put new pressures on Congress.
deal
▪ Medicare cuts in the 1997 federal budget deal, in turn, helped make possible capital-gains tax cuts for investors.
▪ In a real sense, the balanced budget amendment is an insurance policy against a bad budget deal.
▪ There are more dubious politics than sensible economics in the budget deal negotiated by the White House and the Republican leadership.
▪ The first 1990 budget deal, for instance, was rejected by the House but eventually was salvaged.
▪ The reference is to the 1990 budget deal in Washington that helped bring down President Bush.
defence
▪ With commitment and amounts of cash that seemed paltry when compared with government defence budgets, that problem could be solved.
▪ Only the defence budget will see the benefit of prosperity.
▪ The Defence budget would stand buying another catapult tomorrow; my crossbow would just have to wait another week or so.
▪ The problems of the Defence budget are generally well known.
▪ With tight defence budgets, Trinidad is trying to change the law to make use of seized assets a priority.
▪ After yesterday's announcement of huge cuts in the defence budget, things can only get worse.
▪ The majority of voters also favoured cuts in the defence budget and level or increased Spending on domestic education and health programmes.
▪ This is presumably why Mr Bush refused to authorise an immediate increase in the defence budget.
deficit
▪ As a senator, Dole has worried more about budget deficits and debt than most of his Republican colleagues.
▪ Though sharply reduced in the last couple of years, federal budget deficits continue.
▪ Analysts suggested that the revenue from the ports would provide much-needed resources to reduce the country's massive budget deficit.
▪ Many analysts had called for a more ambitious target in reducing the budget deficit.
▪ They say it would be an inexpensive way to help slash the budget deficit.
▪ The main cause of inflation was the overall public-sector budget deficit.
education
▪ At present Wolverhampton appears to employ more non-teaching staff than teachers under its education budget.
▪ All 3 political groups on the county council, supported by hundreds of parents, agreed an education budget above Government limits.
▪ The rise in government expenditure especially benefited the education budget which was increased by 8.6 percent to F228,000 million.
▪ Now schools are forecasting more job losses as £7m comes off the education budget.
▪ Each Overseas Group also has a Development Education budget.
▪ Governors have taken to raiding education budgets in order to finance the ballooning costs of Medicaid and prisons.
▪ This week the council said the 7.5 percent pay rise given to teachers left them with an education budget shortfall of £2.5m.
▪ The federal government controls just 6% of the education budget.
impasse
▪ And, thanks to the budget impasse, they have not.
▪ The tax expired last Dec. 31, a casualty of a congressional budget impasse in Washington.
▪ Stock and bond markets recovered yesterday as investors focused on other issues besides the budget impasse.
▪ The bond market also reacted negatively to the budget impasse.
▪ With the federal government still partly closed by the budget impasse, economic reports are available only from private sources.
▪ The Wall Street retreat was also nudged by fears throughout the day stirred by the continued budget impasse.
▪ Dole and other lawmakers as the budget impasse has dragged on.
▪ Routine revisions to the previous months' figures were delayed by the budget impasse between the White House and Congress.
negotiation
▪ McCurry said he expects the issue to come up at budget negotiations with congressional Republicans.
▪ And while the budget negotiations are causing grief right now for front-running Sen.
▪ Clinton also alluded to the intractable ideological divide that led to the suspension of top-level budget negotiations.
▪ Which brings us to the snow job piling up around the budget negotiations themselves.
▪ If no progress is made in the budget negotiations by Jan. 26, the government offices could be shut down again.
plan
▪ Labour could not complain if the press pointed out that higher-rate taxpayers would be worse off under John Smith's budget plans.
▪ But the budget plan for fiscal 1998 that Clinton sent to Capitol Hill last week eliminated most of that dip.
▪ Governors have responsibility for agreeing the school's budget plans.
▪ Republicans have used temporary spending measures and government shutdowns in attempts to pressure Clinton into accepting their budget plan.
▪ Many lenders automatically put their borrowers on a budget plan without asking them their preferences at the outset.
▪ Afterwards, Republican pessimism about the latest development was fed by an inspection of the new Clinton-backed budget plan.
▪ Clinton touted several proposals for increased education spending he said will be in the budget plan he releases next week.
▪ Bits and pieces of the forthcoming budget plan have been dribbling out for weeks.
proposal
▪ On Jan. 14 Olszewski had agreed to look into budget proposals from the Solidarity trade union which would cause less hardship.
▪ Strong oral and written communication skills are essential for analysts to prepare, present, and defend budget proposals to decision makers.
▪ To find out we asked a number of interested parties for their own budget proposals.
▪ His only promise to the Democrats, he says, was to support the final budget proposal that emerged from the committee.
▪ Details of the party's policy commitments are expected to be set out in its budget proposal next month.
▪ Budget analysts spend the majority of their time working independently, compiling and analyzing data and preparing budget proposals.
▪ Oslo: The government's 1990 budget proposals had little effect, with the index slipping 2.39 to 515.81 in moderate trade.
▪ The Clinton administration has proposed expanding Operation Restore Trust nationwide by allocating it $ 597 million under the fiscal 1997 budget proposal.
state
▪ Another friction point is the red-ink state budget, which has been running a deficit of several billion dollars.
▪ The Democratic majority in the Assembly has put up most of the votes for state budgets in recent years.
▪ Legal immigrants -- Unresolved issue in the state budget.
▪ Above all, there seemed no way out: the State budget was on the brink of bankruptcy.
▪ Most of what happens in the state budget each year gets little notice from the public.
▪ Schools are, by far, the largest part of the state budget and often a bone of contention.
surplus
▪ The budget surplus of A$8,107 million was the fourth consecutive surplus, and would be used to reduce overseas debt.
▪ Bush spent the campaign pretending that this was an election about the budget surplus, or social security or the military.
▪ A budget surplus of EC$12,300,000 was predicted on the current account.
▪ The result has been a burgeoning budget surplus.
▪ The government is running a large budget surplus and expects to carry on doing so.
▪ Interest rates can be cut and Bill Clinton's budget surplus spent.
■ VERB
approve
▪ The Supreme Soviet approved the 1992 budget on July 17.
▪ This generally proves useful when they interpret and offer technical assistance to officials approving the budget.
▪ Eventually, in late August, the state legislature approved a budget similar to that which it had rejected on June 30.
▪ Congress and President Clinton have approved budgets for some agencies for fiscal 1996, which began Oct. 1.
▪ The mayor and Board of Supervisors must approve a new budget by July 1.
▪ The Assembly approved a programme budget of US$734,936,000 for the biennium 1992-93.
▪ Thanks for approving the budget for the behavior profiling software I requested.
balance
▪ Governments are not required to balance their budgets.
▪ Archer suggested many of the reforms sought by Clinton were in the seven-year balanced budget package vetoed by the president.
▪ Washington has managed to balance the federal budget only twice since 1960, the last time in 1969.
▪ He simply promised the addition of a balanced budget amendment to the Constitution and asked voters to trust him to reduce spending.
▪ The plan also calls for balancing the budget without deep cuts in Medicare, education and environmental protection.
▪ He has yet to deliver on promises such as welfare reform, an overhaul of campaign financing or a balanced budget.
increase
▪ All the companies surveyed have increased their intelligence-gathering budgets substantially in the past five years ....
▪ The government hit consumers with stiff tax increases in the 1996 budget.
▪ The Government plans to increase education budgets, in real terms, by 3.2 percent.
▪ After two years in office they had increased the defense budget from $ 40 to $ 46 billion.
▪ This school, however, was an exception: in most, heads had managed to maintain or increase the budget.
▪ Eisenhower had his greatest difficulties with the Army, for it suffered most from his refusal to increase the Defense Department budget.
▪ And that support had been bought at the cost of considerably increasing the budget.
present
▪ Immediately after announcing details of the new industrial policy Singh presented his first budget to the Lok Sabha.
▪ Each executive then presented plans and budgets for their respective departments.
▪ Clinton is expected to address budget issues in his State of the Union speech Tuesday, and he presents his budget Thursday.
▪ The Treaty of Amiens in 1802 brought a brief peace, and by June 1803 Addington was again presenting a war budget.
▪ Jardana presented his 1990 budget to the House of Representatives on Jan. 6, 1990.
▪ For a new chancellor, presenting a budget for an unpopular government, it was the best he could do.
propose
▪ Senate debate on the proposed balanced budget amendment could begin as early as next week.
▪ The proposed budget would end the next fiscal year in the black by a razor-thin $ 54 million.
▪ The governor will submit his proposal later this month, along with his proposed fiscal 1997 state budget.
▪ Under the proposed budget, $ 25 million would go to the effort in 1996-97.
▪ Colleges and universities Higher education funding in the proposed budget keeps step with the third year of a four-year agreement.
▪ Wilson marked it for full funding in his proposed budget.
▪ Clinton fired the opening salvo last month when he included tax cuts in his proposed 1997 budget.
reduce
▪ Many analysts had called for a more ambitious target in reducing the budget deficit.
▪ Only nations that reduce their budget deficits to 3 percent of gross domestic product and accumulated debt to 60 percent automatically qualify.
▪ Voice over Mrs Blanchard's already told Mr Coombs of her plan for reducing the budget deficit.
▪ As for this year, one-time items will reduce the 1996 budget deficit.
▪ They agreed that countries with fiscal and current-account deficits should reduce budget deficits and increase private savings.
set
▪ Details of the party's policy commitments are expected to be set out in its budget proposal next month.
▪ Although we weren't set any price limits, I decided to be realistic, and set myself a budget.
▪ The competition set a fairly tight budget so Julia decided to mix second-hand clothes with new ones.
▪ Her salary is not excessive so she is setting herself a strict budget for her homebuying.
▪ We saw the effect of this recently when the Commission chastised Ireland for not setting a strict enough budget.
▪ In many organizations budgets are set by adjusting the budget for the previous year, adding a bit for inflation, and so on.
▪ Middlesbrough has set a budget of £21.6m, £1.4m above the provisional limit.
spend
▪ Now they have to spend their mornings planning budgets and their afternoons paying bills.
▪ The Finance Minister warned that there would be no increase in public spending in the 1991 budget.
▪ His plan will include a $ 91 million spending request in the budget he proposes to Congress next month.
▪ Fund-holders can spend any budget savings on things such as new equipment, extra rooms and extra staff.
▪ Will the new spending plan keep the budget balanced for any longer than a year?
▪ This Paufer preferred drinking to eating, and spent his slim budget proportionately.
▪ He doesn't think it's fair but it depends how the health authority spends its budget.
PHRASES FROM OTHER ENTRIES
balance the budget
▪ Congress may finally be forced to balance the budget.
▪ During his presidential campaign, he promised to balance the budget.
▪ Among all voters, Fabrizio found that two-thirds supported balancing the budget over cutting taxes.
▪ But he and his Republican Congressional opponents have yet to decide on a seven-year plan to balance the budget.
▪ Concern that White House and congressional negotiators were unable to reach an agreement to balance the budget helped send stocks plunging yesterday.
▪ Talks aimed at agreeing on a plan to balance the budget within seven years are still taking place.
▪ That would, of course, require deeper spending cuts in order to balance the budget.
▪ We can do both, give tax relief to families and balance the budget.
balanced budget
▪ And this probably explains why the balanced budget amendment to the Constitution seemed to be in trouble last week.
▪ Any balanced budget amendment has to have some exceptions and some implementation provisions.
▪ His proposals disappeared in the fight over a balanced budget.
▪ In his speech, Dole specifically endorsed only one of them, an amendment mandating a balanced budget.
▪ One of the earliest votes of the Congress is expected to be on a constitutional amendment to require a balanced budget.
▪ Previous efforts to mandate term limits and balanced budgets and to outlaw flag-burning failed in Congress.
crime-buster/budget-buster/sanctions-buster etc
crime-busting/union-busting/budget-busting etc
EXAMPLES FROM OTHER ENTRIES
▪ Government cuts in the defence budget have meant a loss of 2000 jobs.
▪ More cuts in the defense budget are expected.
▪ Mum always worked out the household budget according to what we could afford.
▪ Several of our recent projects have been wildly over budget.
▪ Texas faces a budget deficit of over $4 billion.
▪ The company has had to cut £46.000 from its advertising budget.
▪ The council has said that jobs will have to be cut in order to balance the budget.
▪ the firm's annual budget
▪ The job will involve budgeting and decision-making, as well as managing the project.
▪ The renovation work to St George's Hall was completed six months ahead of schedule and under budget.
▪ You can choose any type of wood for your furniture, according to your budget.
EXAMPLES FROM CORPUS
▪ A percentage of the takings is usually allocated to advertising: this is the advertising budget.
▪ His first budget, in 1991, contained a $ 7 billion tax increase.
▪ It is unlikely the new government will have time to draft a budget.
▪ Key resources are technical personnel and aircraft spare parts which account for the largest share of the maintenance budget.
▪ Mission-driven budgets relieve legislators of micromanagement decisions, freeing them to focus on the larger problems they were elected to solve.
▪ The Council has to make savings on its budget of nearly £10 million to meet Government targets.
▪ The Republicans were wedded to conservative fiscal views that stressed the importance of balancing the budget and cutting taxes.
▪ The second reason is the fact that most people have a limited budget and are already spending all their cash on games.
II.verbCOLLOCATIONS FROM CORPUS
■ ADVERB
for
▪ To avoid having to stint yourself, these need to be budgeted for in advance.
■ NOUN
capital
▪ When evaluating capital budgeting decisions, it is this marginal cost that should be used as the appropriate cost of capital.
▪ The marginal cost of capital is the discount rate that should be used in making capital budgeting decisions.
▪ Personal computers also have simplified capital budgeting.
▪ The most salient committees, in our experience, are ones responsible for capital budgeting, strategic planning, and compensation.
▪ In addition to net present value, the internal rate of return on a capital budgeting project is also calculated.
▪ Most governments use capital budgets to finance their long-term assets.
deficit
▪ Consequently, he was budgeting for a deficit of about A$5,600,000.
government
▪ Mary Schuh, who also opposed incorporation and is one of the great gadflies of local government, particularly around budget time.
▪ Most governments use capital budgets to finance their long-term assets.
s
▪ He is suing the doctor for the equivalent of the U. S. budget deficit.
▪ S. currency after its early drop following the suspension of U. S. budget talks, traders said.
■ VERB
balance
▪ Yet that earlier generation was able to live within its means, balancing budgets year after year.
plan
▪ Experienced in taking responsibility for publishing programme development and management, including planning, budget setting and control.
▪ The system illustrated here follows a logical sequence of development resulting in a short-term financial planning and cash budgeting system.
▪ Within accounting departments, they may work in financial analysis, planning and budgeting, cost accounting, and other areas.
▪ Infrastructure for planning, budgeting, and oversight was needed.
▪ Reporting structures and planning, budgeting, and compensation systems, for example, remain wholly or significantly the same.
PHRASES FROM OTHER ENTRIES
balanced budget
▪ And this probably explains why the balanced budget amendment to the Constitution seemed to be in trouble last week.
▪ Any balanced budget amendment has to have some exceptions and some implementation provisions.
▪ His proposals disappeared in the fight over a balanced budget.
▪ In his speech, Dole specifically endorsed only one of them, an amendment mandating a balanced budget.
▪ One of the earliest votes of the Congress is expected to be on a constitutional amendment to require a balanced budget.
▪ Previous efforts to mandate term limits and balanced budgets and to outlaw flag-burning failed in Congress.
crime-buster/budget-buster/sanctions-buster etc
EXAMPLES FROM OTHER ENTRIES
▪ At university, young people have to budget for their living expenses, and organise their time.
▪ By the time I had budgeted for food and rent I only had a few pounds left.
▪ Each question should take 20 minutes, so budget your time accordingly.
▪ Mark's capable of earning a lot, but he's no idea how to budget or save.
▪ No money was budgeted to widen the freeway.
▪ Our annual expenditure on training has been carefully budgeted.
▪ We'll have to budget more carefully in the future. We've spent far more than we can afford.
EXAMPLES FROM CORPUS
▪ City officials concede, however, that there is no money budgeted yet for the project.
▪ It amounts to £92.5 million over five years which is supposed to be additional money to what is already budgeted.
▪ Most service providers do not budget for this part of the business and often are shocked to see how much it costs.
▪ The optional BillLimit feature enables customers to budget by setting a monthly limit.
▪ They are suddenly faced with finding a place to rent and budgeting the cost of living.
III.adjectivePHRASES FROM OTHER ENTRIES
balance the budget
▪ Congress may finally be forced to balance the budget.
▪ During his presidential campaign, he promised to balance the budget.
▪ Among all voters, Fabrizio found that two-thirds supported balancing the budget over cutting taxes.
▪ But he and his Republican Congressional opponents have yet to decide on a seven-year plan to balance the budget.
▪ Concern that White House and congressional negotiators were unable to reach an agreement to balance the budget helped send stocks plunging yesterday.
▪ Talks aimed at agreeing on a plan to balance the budget within seven years are still taking place.
▪ That would, of course, require deeper spending cuts in order to balance the budget.
▪ We can do both, give tax relief to families and balance the budget.
crime-buster/budget-buster/sanctions-buster etc
crime-busting/union-busting/budget-busting etc
EXAMPLES FROM OTHER ENTRIES
▪ a budget flight
▪ The Tourist Information Office will give you a list of budget hotels in the area.