What is "alexander"

Alexander \Alexander\ n.

1. 1 a European herb ( Smyrnium olusatrum) somewhat resembling celery widely naturalized in Britain coastal regions and often cultivated as a potherb.

   Syn: Alexanders, black lovage, horse parsley

2. 1 the famous king of Macedon, son of Philip; conqueror of Greece and Egypt and Persia; founder of Alexandria -- (356-323 BC).

   Syn: Alexander the Great

masc. proper name, from Latin, from Greek Alexandros "defender of men," from alexein "to ward off, keep off, turn (something) away, defend, protect" + aner (genitive andros) "man" (see anthropo-). The first element is related to Greek alke "protection, help, strength, power, courage," alkimos "strong;" cognate with Sanskrit raksati "protects," Old English ealgian "to defend." As a kind of cocktail, it is attested from 1930.

n. alexanders: any of various umbellifers, often specifically (taxlink Smyrnium olusatrum species noshow=1) or ''Heracleum maximum'', the cow parsnip

Alexander (, ) is a common male first name, and less common surname derived from the Greek "Αλέξανδρος" (Aléxandros). The most famous is Alexander the Great, who created one of the largest empires in ancient history.

Alexander (, Alexandros, 870 June 6, 913), sometimes numbered Alexander III, ruled as Emperor of the Byzantine Empire in 912–913.

Alexander (in Greek Αλέξανδρος; killed 314 BC) was son of Polyperchon, the regent of Macedonia, and an important general in the Wars of the Diadochi.

Alexander is a masculine given name.

Alexander may also refer to:

Alexander is the original film score of the film Alexander (2004), scored by Greek electronic composer Vangelis. It received the Public Choice Award at the 2005 World Soundtrack Academy.

Alexander is a real-time strategy game created by GSC Game World (creators of Cossacks: European Wars and Cossacks II: Napoleonic Wars) and published by Ubisoft, based on the 2004 film of the same name. Its gameplay is akin to that of Cossacks, with elements of the Age of Empires series and Age of Mythology visible.

Alexander is a lunar crater-like feature in the rugged surface to the north of Mare Serenitatis. It lies to the south-southwest of the prominent crater Eudoxus, and to the east-northeast of Calippus.

The Alexander formation has been so heavily worn and distorted with the passage of time that it now resembles little more than a lowland region enclosed by rugged ranges. The rim segments lie along the northwest, west, and south sections of the crater, while the eastern side stands open to the surrounding surface. The surviving walls are nearly rectangular in form, with the most prominent mounts in the northwest.

The crater floor is more smooth and has a darker albedo in the western half, and gradually grows lighter and more impacted toward the east. There are no craters of significance within the perimeter of this formation, although there are tiny craterlets aplenty in the rougher eastern section.

Alexander is a 2004 epic historical drama film based on the life of Alexander the Great. It was directed by Oliver Stone, with Colin Farrell in the title role. The film was an original screenplay based in part on the book Alexander the Great, written in the 1970s by the University of Oxford historian Robin Lane Fox. Upon its release, the film received generally favourable reviews by European critics. Negatively received in the United States, it grossed over $167 million worldwide against a $155 million budget.

Four versions of the film exist, the initial theatrical cut and three home video director's cuts: the "Director's Cut" in 2005, the "Final Cut" in 2007 and the "Ultimate Cut" in 2013. The two earlier DVD versions of Alexander ("director's cut" version and the theatrical version) sold over 3.5 million copies in the United States. Oliver Stone's third version, Alexander Revisited: The Final Cut (2007) has sold to one million copies and became one of the highest-selling catalog items from Warner Bros.

Claude Alexander Conlin (1880–1954), also known as Alexander, C. Alexander, Alexander the Crystal Seer, and Alexander the Man Who Knows, was an American spiritual author, vaudeville magician who specialized in mentalism and psychic reading acts, dressed in Oriental style robes and a feathered turban, and often used a crystal ball as a prop. In addition to performing, he also worked privately for clients, giving readings. He was the author of several pitch books, New Thought pamphlets, and psychology books, as well as texts for stage performers. His stage name was "Alexander," and as an author he wrote under the name "C. Alexander."

The Alexander is a cocktail consisting of some form of alcohol, Cocoa Liqueur ( Crème de cacao), and cream.

Alexander ( fl. 50–65) was an early Christian, one of two heretical teachers at Ephesus—the other being Hymenaeus—against whom Paul warns Timothy. Hymenaeus and Alexander were proponents of antinomianism, the belief that Christian morality was not required. They put away—"thrust from them"—faith and a good conscience; they wilfully abandoned the great central facts regarding Christ, and so they "made shipwreck concerning the faith."

Hymenaeus is associated with the false teacher Philetus. What they taught is described by Paul as "profane babblings," and as leading to more ungodliness. Their heresy consisted of saying that the resurrection was past already, and the heresy had been so far successful in that it had overthrown the faith of some. The doctrine of these three heretical teachers, Hymenaeus, Alexander and Philetus, was one of the early forms of Gnosticism. It held that matter was originally and essentially evil; that for this reason the body was not an essential part of human nature; and that the only resurrection was that of each man as he awoke from the death of sin's penalty. That thus in the case of everyone who was set free from the consequences of wrongdoing, "the resurrection was past already," and that the body did not participate in the blessedness of the future life, but that salvation consisted in the soul's complete deliverance from all contact with a material world and a material body.

So pernicious were these teachings of incipient Gnosticism in the Christian church that, according to Paul, they quickly spread "like gangrene." The denial of the future resurrection of the body involved also the denial of the bodily resurrection of Christ, and even the fact of the incarnation. The way in which Paul dealt with those who taught such deadly error was by resorting to the same extreme measures as he had employed in the case of the immoral person at Corinth: he "delivered Hymenaeus and Alexander to Satan, that they might learn not to blaspheme".

Alexander of Aetolia, in conjunction with Dorymachus, put himself in possession of the town of Aegeira in Achaea during the Social war, in 220 BC. But the conduct of Alexander and his associates was so insolent and rapacious, that the inhabitants of the town rose to expel the small band of the Aetolians. In the ensuing contest Alexander was killed while fighting.

Saint Alexander was a martyr and companion of Saint Pothinus. Alexander was a physician in Vienne, Gaul, when he converted to Christianity. He was arrested during the persecutions conducted under Emperor Marcus Aurelius. Along with Pothinus and forty-six other Christians, Alexander was tortured and executed. As part of this group, Alexander is one of the Martyrs of Lyons and Vienne.

Alexander, son of Perseus of Macedon, was a child at the conquest of his father by the Romans, and after the triumph of Aemilus Paullus in 167 BC, was kept in custody at Alba Fucens, together with his father. He became skilful in the toreutic art, learned the Latin language, and became a public notary.

Alexander ( Gr. ) was commander of the cavalry in the army of Antigonus III Doson during the war against Cleomenes III of Sparta. He fought against Philopoemen, then a young man, whose prudence and valor forced him to a disadvantageous engagement at Sellasia. This Alexander is probably the same person as the one whom Antigonus, as the guardian of Philip (son of Demetrius II of Macedon), had appointed commander of Philip's body-guard, and who was slandered by Apelles. Subsequently he was sent by Philip as ambassador to Thebes, to persecute the Macedonian Megaleas. Polybius states that at all times he manifested a most extraordinary attachment to his king.

Alexander (, flourished 3rd century BC) was a son of the diadochus, the Greek nobleman who was a Macedonian Thessalian Lysimachus by an Odrysian concubine called Macris.

Following the murder of his paternal half-brother Agathocles by the command of his father in 284 BC, he fled into Asia with his brother's widow Lysandra, and solicited the aid of Seleucus I Nicator. As a consequence, war ensued between Seleucus I and Lysimachus, ending in the defeat and death of the latter, who was slain in battle in 281 BC, in the plain of Corius in Phrygia. Alexander conveyed his father's body to Lysimachia, to be buried in a tomb between Cardia and Pactya, where it still stood in the time of Pausanias, four centuries later.

Alexander (also known as Tasker's Grape) is a spontaneous cross of vines from which the first commercial wines in America were made. It was discovered in 1740 in the neighborhood of Springgettsbury, Philadelphia, in a vineyard where James Alexander (d. 1778), Thomas Penn's gardener, had originally planted cuttings of Vitis vinifera in 1683. It was popularized by the Bartram family at Bartram's Garden, Philadelphia, and widely distributed after the American Revolution by William Bartram.

The Alexander grape is a hybrid grape of Vitis labrusca and another species, which may probably be Vitis vinifera.

Alexander was a Byzantine military officer, active in the reign of Maurice. He is styled a taxiarch in the accounts of Theophylact Simocatta. He is known for his part in campaigns against the South Slavs.

Alexander (; died 602) was a Byzantine rebel against emperor Maurice (r. 582-602) and leading supporter of emperor Phocas (r. 602-610). He is better known for executing the co-emperor Theodosius. The main source about him is Theophylact Simocatta.

Alexander , known by the title comes , was a Byzantine diplomat. He was active in the reign of Justinian I (r. 527-565). The main sources about him are Procopius, John Malalas and Theophanes the Confessor.

Alexander was a senior financial official of the Byzantine Empire, active in the reign of Justinian I (r. 527–565). His title is reported as "discussor" in Latin and logothetēs in Greek. He was reportedly nicknamed "Scissors" or "Snips" , for trimming down the size of gold coins. The main source about him is Procopius.

Alexander , subsequently Iskender ( Ottoman Turkish: اسكندر) (died 1418), was the eldest son of Bulgarian tsar Ivan Shishman (r. 1371–1395). Alexander was possibly made co-emperor by his father before the Ottoman conquest of the Tarnovo Tsardom in 1395. After the subjugation of Ivan Shishman's realm and his execution, Alexander converted to Islam to avoid his father's fate. He was made governor of Samsun, where he remained until 1402. From 1413 to 1418, when he was killed in a battle against a local rebel, Alexander was in charge of Smyrna ( İzmir).

Alexander is the first solo album by American musician Alex Ebert, lead singer of Edward Sharpe and the Magnetic Zeros and Ima Robot. It was released on March 1, 2011 under the Community Records label. The song "Truth" was featured in the season 4 premiere of AMC's Breaking Bad titled " Box Cutter".

Alexander was the Dean of Wells between 1180 and 1204.

Alexander is a 1996 Tamil action film directed by Keyaar. The film features Vijayakanth and Sangita in lead roles. The film, produced by Meena Panchu Arunachalam, had musical score by Karthik Raja and was released on 10 November 1996 as a Deepavali release.

"Alexander" is a 2013 single by the Mexican rock band Rey Pila. It was produced by Chris Coady at DFA Studios in New York City. The single was released on 7" vinyl and digital formats by Cult Records.

The single's B-side is a cover version of Chris de Burgh's " Lady In Red". It was recorded in Topetitud Studios in Mexico City, produced by Rey Pila and mixed by Shawn Everett in New York City.

Alexander is a surname originating in Scotland. It is originally an Anglicised form of the Scottish Gaelic MacAlasdair. It is a somewhat common Scottish name, and the region of Scotland where it traditionally is most commonly found is in the Highlands region of Scotland.

Notable people with the surname include:

• AJ Alexander (born 1980), American model and Playboy Playmate
• A. V. Alexander, 1st Earl Alexander of Hillsborough (1885–1965), British politician
• Amir Alexander, historian
• Ana Alexander (born 1954), Cuban long jumper
• Ann Alexander Smith (born 1947), Louisiana educator
• Annie Lowrie Alexander (1864–1929), first licensed female physician in the Southern United States
• Archibald Alexander (1772–1851), first principle of Princeton Seminary
• Barton S. Alexander (1819–1878), U.S. Army brigadier general and engineer during the American Civil War
• Caleb Alexander (died 1828), American clergyman, writer, teacher
• Cecil Alexander (disambiguation), several people with this name
• Christopher Alexander (born 1936), Austrian architect
• Claudia Alexander (1959–2015), NASA scientist and project manager
• Conel Hugh O'Donel Alexander (1909–1974), British cryptanalyst, chess player, and chess writer
• Cory Alexander (born 1973), American National Basketball Association player from 1995 to 2005
• Courtney Alexander (born 1977), American National Basketball Association player from 2000 to 2003
• Danny Alexander (born 1972), British MP
• Dari Alexander (born 1969), American news anchor
• Devon Alexander (born 1987), American professional boxer
• Donald Alexander (lawyer) (1921–2009), American lawyer
• Donald Alexander (researcher) (1928–2007), Irish physician and researcher
• Dorothy Alexander, professional name of Dorothy Bohm (born 1924), naturalized British photographer
• Dottie Alexander (born 1972), American keyboardist
• Douglas Alexander (born 1967), British MP
• Duane Alexander (born 1940), American doctor
• Eben Alexander (author) (born 1953), American neurosurgeon, described his 2008 near-death experience
• Edward Porter Alexander (1835–1910), officer in the U.S. Army and Confederate States Army
• Ernie Alexander (born 1933), former member of the Louisiana House of Representatives
• Evan Shelby Alexander (1767–1809), American politician
• F. Matthias Alexander (1869–1955), Australian actor/orator, founder of the Alexander Technique
• Francesca Alexander (1837-1917), American illustrator, author, and translator
• Frank Alexander (cricketer) (1911–2005), Australian cricketer
• Franz Alexander (1891–1964), psychoanalyst
• Fred Alexander (rugby union) (1870–1937), South African rugby union player
• Gary Alexander (disambiguation), several people with this name
• Grover Cleveland Alexander (1887–1950), baseball player
• Gus Alexander, (1934–2010), Scottish footballer
• Harold Alexander (1900-1987), American politician
• Harold Alexander, 1st Earl Alexander of Tunis (1891–1969), British general
• Harvey Alexander, baseball player
• Holmes Alexander (1906–1985), American historian, journalist, and columnist
• Horace Alexander (1889–1989), English ornithologist
• Howard Wright Alexander (1911–1985), Canadian-American mathematician
• Hubbard Alexander (born 1939), American football player
• James Waddel Alexander (1804–1859), American Presbyterian minister and theologian
• James Waddell Alexander II (1888–1971), mathematician
• Jason Alexander, stage name of American actor Jason Scott Greenspan
• Jason Allen Alexander, ex-husband of Britney Spears
• Jeffrey C. Alexander (born 1947), American sociologist
• Joe Alexander (disambiguation), several people with this name
• Joseph Alexander (disambiguation), several people with this name
• John White Alexander (1856–1915), American artist
• Lamar Alexander (born 1940), U.S. Senator from Tennessee
• Lincoln Alexander (1922–2012), Canadian politician
• Lloyd Alexander (1924–2007), American author
• Lucy Alexander (born 1970), British television presenter
• Manny Alexander (born 1971), baseball player from the Dominican Republic
• Margie Alexander (1948–2013), American singer
• Neil Alexander (born 1978), Scottish footballer
• Patrick Young Alexander (1867–1943), British aviation pioneer
• Peter Alexander (Austrian actor and singer) (1926–2011), Austrian singer and actor
• Randy Alexander (born 1951), American politician
• Richard D. Alexander (born 1930), professor and curator emeritus at the Museum of Zoology of the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor
• Rex Alexander, American college sports coach
• Robert McNeill Alexander (1934–2016), British zoologist
• Robert P. Alexander (1904–1985), American philatelist
• Ross Alexander (1907–1937), American actor
• Samuel Alexander (1859–1938) Australian/British philosopher and essayist
• Sarah Alexander (born 1971), British actress
• Shane Alexander, 2nd Earl Alexander of Tunis
• Shaun Alexander (born 1977), American football player
• Stan Alexander (born 1905), English footballer
• Victor Alexander (born 1969), American basketball player
• Wilfred Backhouse Alexander (1885–1965), English ornithologist
• William Alexander (bishop) (1824–1911), Primate of All Ireland
• William Alexander (rugby player) (1874–1937), Wales international rugby player
• William Alexander, 1st Earl of Stirling (c.1567-1640), Scottish noble
• Willie Alexander (American football) (born 1949), American football player

Other:

• Murder of Travis Alexander, a crime perpetrated by Jodi Arias in 2008

Alexander, also known by his Roman name Gaius Julius Alexander (, 15 BC-probably between 26-28) was a Herodian Prince.

Alexander was the second born son of Alexander and Glaphyra. His oldest brother was called Tigranes and had a younger unnamed sister. His father Alexander was a Judean Prince, of Jewish, Nabataean and Edomite descent and was a son of King of Judea, Herod the Great and his wife Mariamne. His mother Glaphyra was a Cappadocian Princess, who was of Greek, Armenian and Persian descent. She was the daughter of the King Archelaus of Cappadocia and her mother was an unnamed Princess from Armenia, possibly a relation of the Artaxiad Dynasty. Alexander was the namesake of his father. His name reflects his Hasmonean and Hellenic lineage.

Alexander was born and raised in Herod’s court in Jerusalem. After the death and burial of his father in 7 BC, Herod acted in an extreme and brutal manner returning his mother to Cappadocia, forcing her to leave her children under the sole custody of Herod in Jerusalem. Alexander and his brother remained under Herod’s guardianship so he could be able to control their fates. Another son of Herod’s Antipater, was concerned for Alexander and his brother as he expected them to attain higher station than their own late fathers, because of the assistance Antipater considered likely from their maternal grandfather Archelaus. In the time Alexander lived in Herod’s court, he was betrothed to the daughter of Pheroras. Pheroras was Alexander’s paternal great-uncle and was Herod’s brother. Antipater persuaded Herod to call off Alexander’s betrothal to Pheroras’ daughter because Antipater convinced his father that closer ties between Pheroras and Archelaus of Cappadocia were liable to develop into a plot against Herod.

Herod died in 4 BC in Jericho. After the death of Herod, Alexander and his brother decided to leave Jerusalem and to live with their mother and her family in the Cappadocian Royal Court. After Alexander and his brother arrived in Cappadocia, they disavowed their Jewish descent, deserted their Jewish religion and embraced their Greek descent, including the religion. However the family connections to the Herodian Dynasty weren’t wholly broken. After Alexander and his brother disavowed their Jewish descent, they were considered among fellow Jews as gentiles. There is a possibility that his maternal grandfather sent Alexander to be educated in Rome.

Little is known of the adult life of Alexander. He appeared to an administrator for the extensive land estates in Egypt that were owned by the Imperial family of Rome and he was a wealthy landowner, owing two estates in the Egyptian town of Euhemeria. Alexander married an unnamed noblewoman that flourished in the reigns of the first two Roman Emperors Augustus and Tiberius. His wife bore him a son called Tigranes. Alexander named his son in honor of his brother. Tigranes later served as a Roman Client King of Armenia under the reign of Roman Emperor Nero (reigned 54-68). Roman Empress Livia Drusilla and her daughter-in-law Antonia Minor were mentioned in Alexander’s will.

Alexander (flourished 3rd century BC) was an Anatolian nobleman of Greek Macedonian and Persian descent who was a Seleucid official.

Alexander was the first son born to Achaeus by an unnamed Greek mother. His father Achaeus was a wealthy nobleman who owned estates in Anatolia. His family had power in Anatolia with strong royal connections. Alexander had three siblings, two sisters, Antiochis and Laodice I, and a brother Andromachus. His father Achaeus was the second son of King Seleucus I Nicator and his first wife Apama I.

According to surviving inscriptions, Alexander was already active and held high positions under his paternal uncle Antiochus I Soter. A surviving decree at Bargylia honoring a judge from Teos mentions Alexander as having been ‘left in charge’ by Antiochus I Soter, meaning that Alexander was some sort of governor in the Caria region. The surviving decree at Bargylia dates from 270–261 BC.

During the reign of his paternal cousin and brother-in-law Antiochus II Theos, Alexander was a very powerful figure in Anatolia. Between 261–244 BC in Magnesia ad Sipylum, he is noted in writing a letter about land allotments granted to soldiers and he was honored at Tralles.

In the year 240 BC Alexander was still loyal to his nephew Seleucus II Callinicus, as he was the governor of Lydia, based at Sardis. In the civil war between Seleucus II Callinicus and his brother Antiochus Hierax, Alexander supported his second nephew, and held Sardis against attacks by Seleucus II.

After the end of the civil war, nothing is known on Alexander. His namesake was his great-nephew Seleucus III Ceraunus, whose name was Alexander until he succeeded his father Seleucus II Callinicus as King in 225 BC.

Alexander is a 2008 Russian film about Alexander Nevsky.

is a Japanese-Peruvian actor and model who is represented by the talent agency, Watanabe Entertainment. His old stage names were and . He is nicknamed . His wife is former AKB48 member Nozomi Kawasaki. His oshimen from AKB48 is Iriyama Anna, Annin.

A number of sailing vessels were named Alexander:

• Alexander (1801) was a 301-ton merchant vessel launched at Shields; she became a whaler and made several voyages to New Zealand and the South Seas whale fisheries (1802-06) for Hurry & Co.
• Alexander (1803 Bombay), a ship of 600 or 746 tons burthen, launched in 1803 at Bombay and wrecked in 1815.
• Alexander (1807), a ship launched by William Taylor, Bideford, for Buckles & Co. She was sailing from Ceylon and Mauritius to London when on 9 August 1828 she wrecked on Cole House Point.
• Alexander (1811), a 227-ton merchant ship built in the United States in 1811, captured as a prize during the War of 1812, that transported convicts to Port Jackson in 1816.
• Alexander (1812), of 492 tons (bm), was launched on 14 November 1812 by Michael Smith at Howrah, Calcutta, for his own account.
• Alexander (1813), of 229 tons (bm), launched at Halifax, Nova Scotia, for Walkinshaw & Co.
• Alexander (1829), of 523 tons (bm), launched on 14 November 1828 by John Blackett, Millwall Dock, Poplar, London, for his own account.

A number of ships with the name Alexander served the British East India Company (EIC) as East Indiamen:

• Alexander (1783 ship), a ship of 445 tons ( bm), launched in 1783 at Hull, that made one voyage for the EIC as an extra ship, i.e., under contract carrying convicts to Botany Bay in 1788, as part of the First Fleet, and returning with a cargo from Canton. She is last listed in Lloyd's Register in 1808.
• Alexander (1794) was built in France in 1791 under a different name. She was taken as a prize and her new owners renamed her Alexander. She made one voyage for the British East India Company (EIC), and then became a slave ship, making several voyages between 1798 and 1807. She is last listed in 1809.
• Alexander (1801 ship), a ship of 281 tons (bm) launched at Quebec that made one voyage for the EIC between 1802 and 1803, and that was placed in the West Indies trade in 1804.
• Alexander (1803 Liverpool), a ship of 614 tons (bm), launched in 1803 at Liverpool and sold in 1817.

Alexander, also known as PhoneSat 2.0 Beta or PhoneSat v2a is a technology demonstration satellite operated by NASA's Ames Research Center, which was launched in April 2013. Part of the PhoneSat programme, it was one of the first three PhoneSat spacecraft, and the first Phonesat-2.0 satellite, to be launched.

A PhoneSat-2.0 satellite, Alexander was built to the single-unit (1U) CubeSat specification, and measures in each dimension. The satellite is based on an off-the-shelf Samsung Electronics Nexus S smartphone which serves in place of an onboard computer. The satellite is equipped with a two-way S-band transponder and solar panels for power generation. The spacecraft uses the phone's gyroscopes, along with a GPS receiver, to determine its position and orientation, and a system of reaction wheels and magnetorquer coils for attitude control.

Alexander was named after Alexander Graham Bell, the inventor of the telephone. The two other PhoneSat spacecraft launched aboard the same rocket were named Graham and Bell. The three PhoneSat spacecraft, along with the commercial Dove 1 satellite, were launched as secondary payloads aboard the maiden flight of the Antares carrier rocket; flight A-ONE. The primary payload was the Cygnus Mass Simulator.

Liftoff occurred at 21:00 UTC on 21 April 2013, from Pad 0A of the Mid-Atlantic Regional Spaceport, following attempts on 17 and 20 April which had been scrubbed due to an umbilical problem and high-level winds respectively. The launch was conducted by Orbital Sciences Corporation, however the CubeSats were launched under a contract with Spaceflight Services, using dispensers produced by ISIS. Alexander, Graham and Bell were deployed from a single ISIPod dispenser, while Dove 1 was deployed from a second such dispenser. On 27 April 2013 the satellite was confirmed to have burned up in the atmosphere, with instruments still running up until then.