Crossword clues for ablative
ablative
The Collaborative International Dictionary
Ablative \Ab"la*tive\, a. [F. ablatif, ablative, L. ablativus fr. ablatus. See Ablation.]
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Taking away or removing. [Obs.]
Where the heart is forestalled with misopinion, ablative directions are found needful to unteach error, ere we can learn truth.
--Bp. Hall. (Gram.) Applied to one of the cases of the noun in Latin and some other languages, -- the fundamental meaning of the case being removal, separation, or taking away.
Ablative \Ab"la*tive\, (Gram.) The ablative case.
ablative absolute, a construction in Latin, in which a noun in the ablative case has a participle (either expressed or implied), agreeing with it in gender, number, and case, both words forming a clause by themselves and being unconnected, grammatically, with the rest of the sentence; as, Tarquinio regnante, Pythagoras venit, i. e., Tarquinius reigning, Pythagoras came. [1913 Webster] ||
Douglas Harper's Etymology Dictionary
mid-15c., from Middle French ablatif, from Latin (casus) ablativus "(case) of removal," expressing direction from a place or time, coined by Julius Caesar from ablatus "taken away," past participle of auferre "carrying away," from ab- "away" (see ab-) + irregular verb ferre (past participle latum; see oblate) "to carry, to bear" (see infer). The Latin case of adverbial relation, typically expressing the notion "away from," or the source or place of an action.
Wiktionary
a. 1 (context grammar English) Applied to one of the cases of the noun in some languages, the fundamental meaning of the case being removal, separation, or taking away, and to a lesser degree, instrument, place, accordance, specifications, price, or measurement. (First attested from around (1350 to 1470).)(R:SOED5: page=5) 2 (context obsolete English) Pertaining to taking away or removing. (Attested from the mid 16th century until the early 18th century.) 3 (context engineering nautical English) Sacrificial, wearing away or being destroyed in order to protect the underlying, as in ablative paints used for antifouling. (First attested in 1959.)(R:CDOE: page=3). 4 (context medical English) Relating to the removal of a body part, tumor, or organ. (First attested in the mid 20th century.) 5 (context geology English) Relating to the erosion of a land mass; relating to the melting or evaporation of a glacier. (First attested in the mid 20th century.) n. 1 (context grammar English) The ablative case. (First attested around 1350 to 1470.) 2 An ablative material. (Mid 20th century.)
WordNet
adj. relating to the ablative case
tending to ablate; i.e. to be removed or vaporized at very high temperature; "ablative material on a rocket cone"
n. the case indicating the agent in passive sentences or the instrument or manner or place of the action described by the verb [syn: ablative case]
Wikipedia
In Latin grammar, the ablative case (in Latin, cāsus ablātīvus) is one of the six cases of nouns. Traditionally it is the sixth case (Latin: casus sextus, casus latinus). It has forms and functions derived from the Proto-Indo-European ablative, instrumental, and locative. It expresses concepts similar to those of the English prepositions from; with, by; and in, at. It is sometimes called the adverbial case, since phrases in the ablative can be translated as adverbs: magnā (cum) celeritāte, "with great speed", or "very quickly".
Usage examples of "ablative".
Experiments they thought could avoid ablative surgery for severe epilepsy?
The remaining cases, in addition to the nominative, are the genitive, the possessive, the dative, the allative, the ablative, the locative, and the instrumental.
Both the ablative and the allative cases are exemplified in the phrase telmello talmanna "from hood [telmë] to base [talma]", that is, "from top to bottom".
Just like the suffix -nna for allative turns into -nnar in the plural, the ablative ending -llo may have a plural equivalent -llor: In the Markirya poem, Tolkien used elenillor as the plural ablative of elen "star", hence "from stars".
Dual allative/ablative: The dual forms of the allative and ablative endings include the already-familiar dual element -t, which replaces one of the consonants of the suffixes -nna and -llo to produce -nta and -lto instead.
Thus the nominative ciryat "two ships, a couple of ships" corresponds to an allative form ciryanta "to(wards) a couple of ships" and an ablative form ciryalto "from a couple of ships".
However, the student should also notice that while the allative and ablative cases may not always imply physical motion to or from something, their basic meanings of "to, towards" and "from" may also be strengthened.
These additional uses of the allative and ablative cases may lead to some ambiguities: Is lenden i coanna to be interpreted "I went to the house" or "I went into the house"?
Adding the allative and ablative endings to nouns ending in a consonant: Suffixes like -nna and -llo and their dual/plural variants can never be added directly to a noun ending in a consonant without creating impossible consonant clusters.
The ablative and allative forms occurring in Elendil's Declaration in LotR may be examples of the same: et Eärello "out of the Great Sea" (Eär: Quenya name of the Ocean), Endorenna "to Middle-earth" (Endor: Quenya for "Mid-land" = "Middle-earth").
In this respect, the allative and ablative cases differ from the genitive case: A noun that forms its nominative plural in -i always receives this ending before the genitive plural ending -on is added the genitive plural of lassë being lassion, not **lassëon.
In the case of talan, talam- "floor", the allative "to a floor" or "(up)on a floor" might probably be expressed as talamenna with a connecting vowel inserted (the ablative should almost certainly be talamello), but perhaps we could also start from talan and use talanna (for talan-nna) as the allative form?
It seems that the final -n of the four directions Formen, Hyarmen, Rómen, Númen "North, South, East, West" quite regularly drops out before the case endings for allative, ablative and locative (the locative case will be discussed in the next lesson).
It may be that Rómenello with a connecting vowel inserted would also be a valid form, but as pointed out above, contracted forms seem to be normal when the words for the four basic directions are to be inflected for allative or ablative.
The dual forms of the allative and ablative endings are -nta and -lto, respectively (at least in the case of nouns with nominative dual forms in -t.