I.COLLOCATIONS FROM OTHER ENTRIES
a written agreement
▪ There is usually a written agreement between the borrower and the bank.
a written apology
▪ The police sent a written apology to the family.
a written confession
▪ A police interview may lead to a written confession.
a written constitution
▪ A written consitution forms the fundamental law of the nation.
a written contract
▪ All employees should have a written contract.
a written exam
▪ There is a written exam at the end of the course.
a written inquiry
▪ I submitted a written inquiry to the local council.
a written record
▪ Where written records do survive, they are incomplete.
a written report
▪ Mr Thomas asked me to send him a written report.
a written request
▪ If you wish to take you child on holiday during the school term, you must make a formal written request.
a written statement
▪ One neighbour said in a written statement that she often heard a baby ‘crying for help’.
a written test
▪ Selection was based on written tests in English and mathematics.
a written/oral examination
▪ For French, there is an oral and a written examination.
official/written/formal notification
▪ We received official notification that Harry was missing.
sth is written all over sb’s face (=their feelings can be seen very clearly in their expression)
▪ You’re jealous – it’s written all over your face!
written consent
▪ If you are under 18, you need your parents’ written consent to get married.
written instructions
▪ Each member of the team was issued with written instructions.
written permission
▪ Doctors need written permission from the patient before they can operate.
PHRASES FROM OTHER ENTRIES
be written up
▪ It got a lot of airplay from John Peel, and was written up extensively by the music press.
▪ Parliamentary proceedings are written up and published in the daily Hansard.
▪ Previously Venturous had been a noteworthy arrival to be written up in the local press.
▪ Results of investigations and the like will need to be written up.
▪ Several points were discussed; these will be written up more fully in the minutes.
▪ The incident was written up in the local newspaper.
▪ The research will be written up as it proceeds, and will be published in 1986.
▪ Their pecuniary interests were probably greater than their antiquarian ones, and their errors were written up by the historian.
be written/set/cast in tablets of stone
have sth written all over it
have sth/be written all over your face
not worth the paper it is written on/printed on
sth is written in the stars
II.adjectiveCOLLOCATIONS FROM CORPUS
■ NOUN
account
▪ As long as proper written accounts are maintained, everyone can be paid back when the band begins to make money.
▪ The first written account dates from 1883.
▪ Doak now has over 30 written accounts of dolphins living in close proximity to humans.
agreement
▪ These criteria must be included in the written agreement.
▪ Your intruder alarm must not be altered or replaced without our prior written agreement. 6.
▪ Their services were modest, and collective written agreements with employers remained exceptional.
▪ The plan should form the basis of a written agreement with those having parental responsibility for the child.
▪ When written agreement is received from the client fax the draft advertisement to the agency.
▪ It is not essential to have a written agreement.
▪ In such cases a written agreement can strengthen your case and perhaps save you some money.
answer
▪ That was confirmed in a written answer from the Minister of State for the Armed Forces.
▪ The full breakdown of the figures was given in a parliamentary written answer on 3 December.
▪ In addition, questions may be put down for written answer.
▪ As Mr. Hurd pointed out in his written answer, there is no equivalent determinate sentence for murder.
▪ Written questions receive written answers published in the Reports of Parliamentary Debates.
▪ Gather in all the written answers from the trainees.
▪ One other initiative was announced in a written answer to me only today, so it is topical and relevant.
apology
▪ A written apology was received from a boy who had accidentally, while playing badminton, caused damage to a picture.
▪ Blackburn sent a written apology to the umpire in question and has since apologised personally to him.
communication
▪ Ninth-century users had their own criteria of utility, and they preferred to use oral alongside written communications in most contexts.
▪ Make sure that the written communication can be clearly seen. 1.
▪ In the case of written communication, the personal type is one-to-one, as represented by letters.
▪ Do the parents have problems with written communications from school?
▪ Real teachers with real kids have to take care with written communication.
confirmation
▪ Yes, I have changed insurance companies and, yes, I have asked for written confirmation of cover.
▪ Your written confirmation includes an invoice for the balance due.
▪ We will send written confirmation of your booking as quickly as possible.
▪ Confirm delivery date and make sure you send written confirmation of all the details.
▪ If in any doubt, we should ask the client for written confirmation of our understanding of the criteria.
consent
▪ Each patient provided written consent after being fully informed about the study and the freedom to withdraw.
▪ The study was approved by the institutional review board of the Mayo Clinic and all patients gave written consent.
▪ Informed written consent was obtained before the study.
▪ Alternatively the contractor may sub-let the work to a domestic sub-contractor with the written consent of the architect.
▪ All subjects gave fully informed written consent.
▪ In the case of non-private customers, prior written notification is sometimes acceptable in place of the customer's written consent.
▪ The study was approved by the Western Infirmary ethics committee and each patient gave informed written consent.
constitution
▪ Excluding the Contact group, each of the three centres had user committees with written constitutions.
▪ It brought forth the age of written constitutions and codified basic rights.
▪ One has led to the written constitution, but it has also led to revolution and at times tyranny.
▪ It is conceived as the first step towards a written constitution for the United Kingdom.
▪ Adopt a written constitution, of which the Bill of Rights will form the centrepiece.
▪ Indeed, it goes beyond that, so far as is necessary to promote a written constitution based on federal principles.
▪ Take a written constitution and a Bill of Rights.
contract
▪ At one extreme one may find a written contract containing many detailed clauses setting out the terms of the contract.
▪ Written contracts of employment A written contract of employment should seek to cover all possible material points.
▪ In the case of a written contract the sale will be by sample only if that is included in the writing.
▪ Do you need to provide a written contract for them - and what should go in it?
▪ The whole 45-year partnership was based on a handshake - no written contract at all.
▪ And, of course, you had no written contract.
▪ It was accepted by the Court of Appeal that the letter had to be construed as part of the written contract.
▪ If the written contract specifies conditions of weight, measurement and the like, those conditions must be complied with.
detail
▪ Boulestin was impatient of written detail.
▪ He claimed it often took three weeks for written details to arrive on his desk.
▪ Full written details of this offer are available on request from any office of Birmingham Midshires Property Services.
▪ Full written details can be made available on request.
▪ We put it in writing, sending written details up the hierarchy in case we have to prove we have fulfilled our role.
▪ Get written details of all fees involved - valuation, land registry and the cost of indemnity.
discourse
▪ Sometimes, particularly in some types of written discourse, we have only a very general or limited knowledge.
▪ Psychology is predominantly a written discourse, conducted through the publication of books and papers.
▪ This is a type which occurs throughout written discourse.
▪ After all, written discourse is divided into paragraphs whose boundaries are marked by indentations.
▪ Topic-shifts in written discourse then could be identified with the beginning of each new paragraph.
▪ Verb-phrase anaphora occurs when a verb-phrase depends for its interpretation on another verb-phrase occurring earlier in the spoken or written discourse.
▪ Conversely, there are times when readers do have rights to affect written discourse.
document
▪ Industrial society has multiplied not only written documents, but artifacts of all kinds.
▪ One factor inhibiting the spread of written documents had been fear of forgery.
▪ This would find expression in a written document or documents.
▪ As the uniqueness of the written document disappeared, so the status of the file was lowered.
▪ The degree of formality ranged from elaborate and schematic written documents to a simple mental rehearsal of what would happen next.
▪ Some like the apparent safety of the carefully crafted written document.
▪ They retained and emphasised, instead, the written documents deliberately produced by a centralised Chancery and other Norman offices and institutions.
▪ Acceptance can be signified not only by a written document, but also by conduct.
evidence
▪ This may be in the form of a report containing written evidence, diagrams or graphs as appropriate.
▪ Sonia Jackson, who contributes this chapter, was one of those who gave written evidence to the Committee.
▪ There is a great deal of written evidence available on the subject for those who care to take a deeper look.
▪ The Arbitrators may call any relevant person to give evidence, or may ask for further written evidence.
▪ This is a matter upon which no contemporary written evidence survives, and has been much disputed.
▪ The committee is now inviting written evidence by the end of September from interested organisations and individuals.
exam
▪ Knowing how to use your head is not a subject you can study for a written exam.
▪ The candidates faced hours of written exams, manoeuvres and then a gruelling road test through Milton Keynes.
▪ The majority of marks will come from a written exam.
▪ They attacked the internal assessments, which teachers have normally defended as superior to the traditional written exams.
▪ The award will be based on continual assessments of skills and competence so staff will not have to sit any written exams.
▪ The course is assessed by two extended essays, four essays and a written exam.
examination
▪ Assessment is by written examination and dissertation.
▪ The degree is awarded on the basis of written examinations and/or the presentation of a satisfactory thesis.
▪ Diplomas are awarded to candidates who reach a satisfactory standard in written examinations following nine months of coursework.
▪ Assessment: Each module is examined by a 90-minute written examination at the end of April.
▪ The written examinations would provide the opportunity for assessing whether the student had acquired a sufficiently analytical approach to the subject.
▪ Coursework and project assessment, written examinations and dissertation.
form
▪ It can not be recorded in written form elsewhere, however; the understanding is intuitive.
▪ Their written forms, like autobiographies, biographies, and interviews, make up a large part of contemporary western feminist literature.
▪ The Hawaiian tongue was given a written form for the express purpose of translating the Bible.
▪ Most utterances, they claim, serve both functions but written forms facilitate the differentiation and separation of the functions.
▪ It is the fact of being the written form which establishes it as the standard.
▪ They are published in authoritative, written form and, as acts of Parliament, are interpreted by the courts.
▪ Identify your problem area and define your objectives briefly and coherently in written form. 4.
▪ It also treats in detail the pronunciation, written forms, inflexions, constructions, and derivation of each word.
information
▪ The survey also found that a quarter of foster parents had received no written information on the Act.
▪ The families received no explanations, and received no written information regarding the procedures or the law.
▪ There were several subsequent contacts, with Pons seeking written information about the Brigham Young University neutron spectrometer.
▪ Often a telephone call to the editor of a specialist publication and then some follow-up, specially written information is far better.
▪ One can be confident that those responsible for such productions sometimes had access to valuable oral and written information which no longer survives.
instruction
▪ The adjutant directed him to the hospital next door, giving him written instructions on how to find the ward.
▪ Inefficiency obviously arises because of the necessity to reduce everything to written instructions.
▪ Problems may arise with obtaining written instructions for the lace carriage and motif cams.
▪ Students are therefore required to comply with all verbal or written instructions on safety given to them by staff.
▪ A diagram is easier to follow than written instructions.
▪ On 26 October 1856 Alexander gave written instructions to Nazimov to collect the ideas of the north-western gentry more systematically.
▪ For this intarsia collar, follow the written instructions at the same time as following the intarsia chart.
▪ But written instructions in the blank spaces of books themselves do survive and so do tiny marginal thumbnail sketches to indicate subjects.
language
▪ Attainment target 3: A growing ability to construct and convey meaning in written language matching style to audience and purpose.
▪ By contrast, written language found in books has no such contextual support.
▪ Yet when written language is imperfectly identified and not fully understood it will tend to seem opaque in any case.
▪ As long as they get some exposure to written language, most learners will acquire at least a modicum of literacy.
▪ The former branch of this first dichotomy takes written language at once into a mode which speakers seldom use.
▪ For written language this involves information about how letters combine to form words, or orthography.
material
▪ Your case may be strengthened by preparing written material to back up what you say.
▪ This varied from the offer of consultancy Price Waterhouse to written materials, and link people.
▪ Text type typefaces used for the main text of written material.
▪ The researchers will read and analyse the written material and will follow up some responses with face-to-face interviews.
▪ You may have access to any written material directly concerning you, held within the Home.
▪ Staff do not, either verbally or in their written material, give more prominence to one establishment than others.
▪ You will, of course, study all the written material relating to your work.
▪ Both spoken and written material were taken into consideration.
note
▪ He glanced briefly at the written note, put it aside and went on with the meeting.
▪ Already many district nurses and health visitors record details of their work on hand held terminals, rather than in written notes.
▪ The B flat bass saxophone sounds two octaves and a tone below the written note.
▪ The horn in C sounded an octave lower than the written note.
▪ Memorise the locations where you spot the crowds or better still, make a few written notes.
▪ A written note if the message is at all complicated.
notice
▪ Resignation Any member may resign by giving written notice to the council, accompanied by his certificate of membership.
▪ A councillor may give written notice to his council that he wishes to receive a financial loss allowance instead of an attendance allowance.
▪ In any case, the Tribunal will give written notice of its decision to both parties within 28 days of the meeting.
▪ He may revert to an attendance allowance by further written notice.
▪ All classes of objectors must lodge and intimate a written notice of objection.
▪ We remind you that failure to supply a written notice immediately is an offence.
▪ Notice to quit Landlords are normally required to give twenty-eight days' written notice to quit.
▪ If renting, confirm written notice with landlord.
notification
▪ In the case of non-private customers, prior written notification is sometimes acceptable in place of the customer's written consent.
▪ As with all advice to clients, written notification must follow the spoken word.
permission
▪ In fact, he says he needs written permission a week in advance before delivery lorries can get to his home.
▪ Since only one card was available it was agreed that others could obtain goods with written permission from the holder. 3.
▪ We will also pay any expenses you have our written permission to claim.
▪ He said that written permission would still be required for marches.
▪ All Autocar &038; Motor test results are subject to world copyright and may not be reproduced without the editor's written permission.
▪ Dawn's parents had to give their written permission for the transfer, which added to their anxieties about the situation.
▪ If a girl had two parents still at home, she had to get written permission from both of them before performing.
policy
▪ He referred to the new written policy and circulated four letters from parents objecting to the proposed closure.
▪ Given both these features, written policies are still likely to remain pious statements of intent unless supported by financial mechanisms.
question
▪ Ostensibly, both oral and written questions seek information.
▪ This remains very largely the case so far as written questions are concerned.
▪ They will discuss how they designed their written questions and semi-structured interviews.
▪ It was mentioned in the preface that a number of written questions were put to academics as part of this study.
▪ Invited guests were asked to submit written questions in advance.
record
▪ It has been suggested by one author that, for instance, written records of staff training should be kept.
▪ Their attitudes to written records can seem cavalier, and contradictory.
▪ Nigel Cramer got a first telephone report from Bedford in the mid-morning, long before the written record arrived.
▪ This visit will also serve as an introduction to written records and their importance for history.
▪ Illiterates leave no written record of their views, but they nevertheless reflect and act accordingly.
▪ Note-taking encourages active learning and provides you with some written record of what you've been studying.
▪ It creates a written record which your debtor can not deny receiving.
▪ In committing the count's rights to written record, Henry's clerks had conferred on them new authority.
reply
▪ The Minister also told me in a written reply about the education and social opportunities that were available to young offenders.
▪ You will receive a written reply from the officer once your complaint has been looked into.
report
▪ Thomas asked Meagher to send him a written report.
▪ Sharing can be through meetings and conferences, but a written report is obviously more easily accessible to others.
▪ There is always the problem of maintaining an encouraging tone to written reports.
▪ They will receive written reports annually and their children's schools will be inspected every four years.
▪ This will usually involve summarising the main points, findings and conclusions of the written report.
▪ As a public service, schools should provide each year a written report on each child's progress.
▪ Whatever the type of residency it is interesting and helpful to evaluate your experience whether through an exhibition or a written report.
representation
▪ Appeals can be by way of a hearing or by written representation.
▪ The appeal will be determined by way of written representations, which must be made by May 1st.
▪ Appeals can be decided either through a public inquiry or by written representations.
▪ The other parties then have two days after service to file written representations at court.
▪ It may also invite all or any of the parties to make written representations before the hearing.
request
▪ Otherwise a written request for leave, giving reasons, must be filed at court and served on the parties.
▪ In fact Kosky personally handed me the written request.
▪ This branch in its turn will not cooperate until he can produce a written request from you ....
response
▪ All video and audio exercises require an oral or written response, and opportunity for grammar and vocabulary practice.
▪ The analysis stage is invariably carried out on the basis of written responses to a questionnaire.
source
▪ This close similarity indicates a second written source.
▪ Unlike structured databases, Viewdata is useful for a great variety of written source materials.
▪ Using documents as a basis for class activities Many class activities can arise from work focused around original written sources.
▪ A written source, a visual source and a statistical source is one fruitful combination.
▪ The written sources are few, and offer a selective view of this age.
▪ There are no contemporary Scandinavian written sources apart from rune stones.
▪ Various early works are accorded particular standing by virtue of the absence of statutes or other written sources covering a particular area.
statement
▪ The hearing was adjourned to allow all parties to submit written statements by April 24.
▪ Such a right instilled trust in the written statements by carriers and encouraged consignees to deal with distant and unknown sellers.
▪ The appeal will be dealt with by an exchange of written statements.
▪ Difficult concepts can be illustrated on a hand-out as diagrams or graphs, backed up by short, clear, written statements.
▪ Further details were set out in the written statement published on 13 November.
▪ The initial approach should be made informally; thereafter you may submit a written statement of your grievance.
▪ Ideally the combined written statement and budget estimate should stand as the Development or Corporate Plan of the governing body.
▪ They had given him one written statement.
submission
▪ The Committee has made its written submissions and will be making oral representations on this topic.
▪ At Westport 25 members of the public spoke and several written submissions were handed in including one from Archbishop Cassidy of Tuam.
▪ The Secretary of State called for written submissions from the parties involved.
▪ The appeal will be decided by written submissions.
test
▪ The results are from written tests unless otherwise stated.
▪ Thus, although these pupils generally have difficulty with reading, this does not mean that written tests should be ruled out.
▪ The written test success rates are given in the table below.
▪ In another written test on tabular data one set of questions was about a calendar which was provided.
▪ Identification of 3-D shapes from their 2-D representation was the subject of two groups of items in written tests.
▪ Extended Response Commonly known as an essay, this form of assessment is the most open-ended type of written test.
▪ He conducted a four-day pedestrian awareness course which included classroom work, practical experience outside the school and a written test.
▪ This item was in a written test and also in a mental test.
text
▪ There is a clearly written text with an illustrated chronology of the country's history taking it up to 1992.
▪ The incorporation of hand written text placed on top of the photographs referenced women's un acknowledged areas of writing, diaries and letters.
▪ Indeed, the conditions of Elizabethan and later Stuart regulation of drama required a written text.
▪ The approach is conceptual and skills-based, with extensive use of audio-visual resources, fieldwork and written texts.
▪ These variations can include the use of signs and diagrams to replace, or partly replace, written text.
warning
▪ This procedure includes an oral and/or written warning, suspension or summary dismissal.
▪ A further complaint may lead to a written warning, which will sometimes be described as final.
▪ The customer must be given the written warning.
▪ If you are given a written warning, you may be asked to sign a copy to acknowledge receipt.
▪ Technically, the offence merited a written warning that could lead to a sacking.
word
▪ If you want your hand written words of wisdom saved for posterity use quality paper and permanent ink.
▪ Speech is not an attempt to pronounce written words.
▪ One item which is becoming more significant is powers of communication - both spoken and written word.
▪ After all, electronic communications has many similarities to the oral technologies which pre-dated the written word.
▪ In fact, the 1959 Act has worked to secure a very large measure of freedom in Britain for the written word.
▪ The written word did not however really help me train Holmes.
▪ The medium of transmission is human influence of various kinds, the spoken and written word, personal example and so on.
▪ What he experienced through his hands made more sense to him than written words of instruction.
work
▪ Perhaps they've never been taught to write or how to handle criticism of their written work.
▪ The maximum permitted enrolment was thirty-two students and written work was an explicit expectation.
▪ Such pupils should be enabled to produce their written work on a word processor or concept keyboard.
▪ The spin-offs in written work are considerable.
▪ The tutorial provides the opportunity to develop themes or discuss problems usually on the basis of written work.
▪ The full-colour illustrations will motivate children's interest and provide an excellent springboard for both oral and written work.
▪ Although encouraged, written work by students was not a formal requirement.
▪ Planning and producing written work, quoting sources, checking: these too are often daunting tasks for the student.
EXAMPLES FROM OTHER ENTRIES
▪ Don't sign any written agreement until you have read every word of the contract.
▪ She was illiterate, and could not understand the written details on the insurance form.
▪ Some expressions are more common in spoken English than in written English.
EXAMPLES FROM CORPUS
▪ Attainment target 3: A growing ability to construct and convey meaning in written language matching style to audience and purpose.
▪ However you organise your checking routine, it is crucial to present written work which has been checked over for spelling.
▪ In other subjects too they may need written and other materials with simplified language demands but perhaps higher demands in other respects.
▪ One factor inhibiting the spread of written documents had been fear of forgery.
▪ One has led to the written constitution, but it has also led to revolution and at times tyranny.
▪ The written test success rates are given in the table below.
▪ We put it in writing, sending written details up the hierarchy in case we have to prove we have fulfilled our role.