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What is "reinforcement"

Crossword clues for reinforcement

reinforcement
Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English
reinforcement
noun
COLLOCATIONS FROM CORPUS
■ ADJECTIVE
negative
▪ The general principle on which response-cost is based, is referred to by psychologists as negative reinforcement.
▪ What are the sources of negative and positive reinforcement people might expect from organizational arrangements? 4.
▪ This, however, would not be positive so much as negative reinforcement, ie it was nice when the pressure stopped.
▪ By lying and covering up for her husband, the wife provides negative reinforcement for his violence.
▪ However, because reinforcement is derived from the termination of noxious events, it is referred to as negative reinforcement.
▪ Nothing like some negative reinforcement to get you going.
positive
▪ This, however, would not be positive so much as negative reinforcement, ie it was nice when the pressure stopped.
▪ What are the sources of negative and positive reinforcement people might expect from organizational arrangements? 4.
▪ So positive reinforcement is anything that happens soon after the behaviour in question that is welcomed by the recipient.
▪ Teachers are not the only ones who may give positive reinforcement.
▪ Rewards See Positive reinforcement on pages 134-136 Rights A right is something to which you are entitled.
▪ This is known as positive reinforcement.
▪ This positive reinforcement of feelings in association with specific substances or behaviour becomes the basis for subsequent addiction.
▪ Sometimes positive reinforcement does not require words.
■ VERB
give
▪ Teachers are not the only ones who may give positive reinforcement.
▪ You also must give them resources and reinforcement just in time to ensure their success.
▪ They had to learn on their own, but they were given reinforcement related to their actions.
▪ However, if there is a supportive family member who can give positive reinforcement, this person can give the drug.
▪ In giving positive reinforcement, it is important to separate acceptance and caring from reward for effort.
need
▪ In which case, the purpose of authorities may need clarification and reinforcement by ministers.
▪ The evidence of his eyes could not have produced this effect; it needed psychological reinforcement.
▪ But what is also needed is a reinforcement of political will.
▪ Tom, like most of the others, will need lots of reinforcement as he works his way through the change.
▪ On the other hand, motivation, once acquired, needs continuing sustenance and reinforcement.
EXAMPLES FROM OTHER ENTRIES
▪ More than 17 bridges in the area need reinforcement.
EXAMPLES FROM CORPUS
▪ Behavior modification is the application of reinforcement techniques to educational or therapeutic practice.
▪ For empiricists, the main mechanism of motivation is reinforcement.
▪ However, because reinforcement is derived from the termination of noxious events, it is referred to as negative reinforcement.
▪ Many older mains also required reinforcement to raise their capacity to match increased demand.
▪ The excellent companies seem not only to know the value of positive reinforcement, but also how to manage it.
▪ The general principle on which response-cost is based, is referred to by psychologists as negative reinforcement.
The Collaborative International Dictionary
Reinforcement

Reinforcement \Re`in*force"ment\ (-ment), n. See Re["e]nforcement.

Douglas Harper's Etymology Dictionary
reinforcement

c.1600, "act of reinforcing," from reinforce + -ment. Meaning "an augmentation, that which reinforces" is from 1650s. Related: Reinforcements.

Wiktionary
reinforcement

alt. 1 (context uncountable English) The act, process, or state of reinforcing or being reinforced. 2 (context countable English) A thing that reinforces. 3 (context in the plural English) additional troops or materiel sent to support a military action. 4 (context uncountable behavioral psychology English) The process whereby a behavior with desirable consequences comes to be repeated. n. 1 (context uncountable English) The act, process, or state of reinforcing or being reinforced. 2 (context countable English) A thing that reinforces. 3 (context in the plural English) additional troops or materiel sent to support a military action. 4 (context uncountable behavioral psychology English) The process whereby a behavior with desirable consequences comes to be repeated.

Related phrases:
WordNet
reinforcement

  1. n. a military operation (often involving new supplies of men and materiel) to strengthen a military force or aid in the performance of its mission; "they called for artillery support" [syn: support, reenforcement]

  2. information that makes more forcible or convincing; "his gestures provided eloquent reinforcement for his complaints" [syn: reenforcement]

  3. (psychology) a stimulus that strengthens or weakens the behavior that produced it [syn: reinforcing stimulus, reinforcer]

  4. a device designed to provide additional strength; "the cardboard backing was just a strengthener"; "he used gummed reinforcements to hold the page in his notebook" [syn: strengthener]

  5. an act performed to strengthen approved behavior [syn: reward]

Wikipedia
Reinforcement

thumb|upright=1.4|Diagram of operant conditioning

In behavioral psychology, reinforcement is a consequence that will strengthen an organism's future behavior whenever that behavior is preceded by a specific antecedent stimulus. This strengthening effect may be measured as a higher frequency of behavior (e.g., pulling a lever more frequently), longer duration (e.g., pulling a lever for longer periods of time), greater magnitude (e.g., pulling a lever with greater force), or shorter latency (e.g., pulling a lever more quickly following the antecedent stimulus).

Rewarding stimuli, which are associated with "wanting" and "liking" (desire and pleasure, respectively) and appetitive behavior, function as positive reinforcers; the converse statement is also true: positive reinforcers provide a desirable stimulus. Reinforcement does not require an individual to consciously perceive an effect elicited by the stimulus. Thus, reinforcement occurs only if there is an observable strengthening in behavior. However, there is also negative reinforcement, which is characterized by taking away an undesirable stimulus. An ibuprofen is a negative reinforcer because it takes away pain.

In most cases, the term "reinforcement" refers to an enhancement of behavior, but this term is also sometimes used to denote an enhancement of memory; for example, "post-training reinforcement" refers to the provision of a stimulus (such as food) after a learning session in an attempt to increase the retained breadth, detail, and duration of the individual memories or overall memory just formed. The memory-enhancing stimulus can also be one whose effects are directly rather than only indirectly emotional, as with the phenomenon of " flashbulb memory," in which an emotionally highly intense stimulus can incentivize memory of a set of a situation's circumstances well beyond the subset of those circumstances that caused the emotionally significant stimulus, as when a person of appropriate age is able to remember where s/he was and what s/he was doing when s/he learned of the assassination of John F. Kennedy or of the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks.

Reinforcement is an important part of operant or instrumental conditioning.

Usage examples of "reinforcement".

The army of Ricimer was fortified by a numerous reinforcement of Burgundians and Oriental Suevi: he disclaimed all allegiance to the Greek emperor, marched from Milan to the Gates of Rome, and fixing his camp on the banks of the Anio, impatiently expected the arrival of Olybrius, his Imperial candidate.

Influence on Allied operations is usually increased by large reinforcements.

But the excited Carolinians would not wait, because they feared that the arrival of reinforcements might balk them of their easy prey.

The preface is that General Buller sent word to General White that he proposed to attack upon the 17th, while the actual attack was delivered upon the 15th, so that the garrison was not prepared to make that demonstration which might have prevented the besiegers from sending important reinforcements to Botha, had he needed them.

This brought out a reinforcement, before which the detachment of Horry was compelled to retreat.

Imagawa for even two weeks or a month, we could send messengers to Mino or Kai and ask for reinforcements.

Both maps represent pitch modulo octaves, both have an activation of neurons that persists after the occurrence of the relevant pitch, and both have mutual reinforcement between consonantly related notes and mutual inhibition between notes not consonantly related.

But we in the millennial neurosis situation are surrounded by perpetual, remorseless reinforcement of our grief.

Without heavy guns, without adequate torpedoes, and with no hope of reinforcements from anywhere, these fragile ships must try to harass and heckle and outguess a massive collection of warships and cruisers any one of which had more fire power than what the Americans together could muster.

With that many, fresh and well armed, we can crush Scapula before he has time to call for reinforcements.

While the engineers were employed in demolishing the works, the light horse scoured the country, and detachments were every day sent out towards Walloign, at the distance of four leagues from Cherbourg, where the enemy were encamped, and every hour received reinforcements.

The state of the sensorium is a far more basic determinant of behavior than cultural patterns of reward and punishment because we receive these very reinforcements themselves through the media of the senses.

The Reithrese and Haladin reinforcements, moving slowly with their supply trains and siege engines, hit Sture head-on and stopped.

Red Tiger, having crushed the reinforcements for the southern Centisian garrison force, had sent on three quarters of his army under Sture to lift the Haladin siege of Polston.

We constantly notice in his verse that dainty effect which the ear loves, and which comes from deft marshalling of consonants and vowels, so that they shall add their suppler and subtler reinforcement to the steady infantry tramp of rhythm.