Crossword clues for refractory
Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English
The Collaborative International Dictionary
Refractory \Re*frac"to*ry\ (-r?), a. [L. refractorius, fr. refringere: cf. F. refractaire. See Refract.]
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Obstinate in disobedience; contumacious; stubborn; unmanageable; as, a refractory child; a refractory beast.
Raging appetites that are Most disobedient and refractory.
--Shak. -
Resisting ordinary treatment; difficult of fusion, reduction, or the like; -- said especially of metals and the like, which do not readily yield to heat, or to the hammer; as, a refractory ore.
Syn: Perverse; contumacious; unruly; stubborn; obstinate; unyielding; ungovernable; unmanageable.
Refractory \Re*frac"to*ry\, n.
A refractory person.
--Bp. Hall.Refractoriness. [Obs.]
--Jer. TAylor.OPottery) A piece of ware covered with a vaporable flux and placed in a kiln, to communicate a glaze to the other articles.
--Knight.
Douglas Harper's Etymology Dictionary
"stubborn, obstinate, perverse," 1610s (earlier refractorious, 1550s, refractary, c.1600), from Latin refractarius "obstinate, stubborn," from past participle stem of refringere (see refraction). Related: Refractorily; refractoriness.
Wiktionary
a. 1 obstinate and unruly; strongly opposed to something. 2 Not affected by great heat. 3 (context medicine English) difficult to treat. 4 (context biology English) incapable of registering a reaction or stimulus. n. A material or piece of material, such as a brick, that has a very high melting point.
WordNet
n. lining consisting of material with a high melting point; used to line the inside walls of a furnace [syn: furnace lining]
adj. resistant to authority or control; "as refractory as a mule"
not responding to treatment; "a stubborn infection"; "a refractory case of acne" [syn: stubborn]
marked by stubborn resistance to and defiant of authority or guidance; "a recalcitrant teenager"; "everything revolves around a refractory individual genius" [syn: recalcitrant]
stubbornly resistant to authority or control; "a fractious animal that would not submit to the harness"; "a refractory child" [syn: fractious]
Wikipedia
A refractory material is one that retains its strength at high temperatures. ASTM C71 defines refractories as "non-metallic materials having those chemical and physical properties that make them applicable for structures, or as components of systems, that are exposed to environments above ".
Refractory materials are used in linings for furnaces, kilns, incinerators and reactors. They are also used to make crucibles and moulds for casting glass and metals and for surfacing flame deflector systems for rocket launch structures. Today, the iron- and steel-industry uses approximately 70% of all refractories produced.
Refractory is the quality of a material to retain its strength at high temperatures. Refractory may also refer to:
In planetary science, any material that has a relatively high equilibrium condensation temperature is called refractory. The opposite of refractory is volatile.
The refractory group includes elements and compounds like metals and silicates (commonly termed rocks) which make up the bulk of the mass of the terrestrial planets and asteroids in the inner belt. A fraction of the mass of other asteroids, giant planets, their moons and trans-Neptunian objects is also made of refractory materials.
Usage examples of "refractory".
Accordingly he had, from time to time, accommodated him with small trifles, which barely served to support his existence, and even for these had taken notes of hand, that he might have a scourge over his head, in case he should prove insolent or refractory.
Burke took a fragment of nopal-stuff, tried to form it, but in the hands of his analogue the stuff was tough and refractory.
Their shielding fields blazed white, their refractories wavered in the high blue as the overdriven refrigerators strove mightily to cope with the terrific load.
The Lahore state to pay twenty-two lacs of new Nameck-shee rupees, of full tale and weight, per annum, in order to reimburse the expenses which the British government should incur, in preserving by an armed force the authority of the maharajah, and the observance of the treaty against the refractory chiefs or disbanded soldiery.
Oncle Jazon proved to be one of the most refractory among those who demanded tomahawking and scalping as the only treatment due Long-Hair.
It was pump-fed through antihydrogen mass converters to make steam, each converter a porous bed of very high temperature refractory alloys that surrounded an annihilation chamber.
The succeeding wave of tourists was frothing about them, the Battle of the Beige raging round a question of amatory precedence, the new guide darting hither and thither like a Cardiganshire corgi nipping at the heels of a herd of refractory cows.
There is a lot of information on where to find the various fireclays, and how to mix them for desired refractories.
The refractory period of ometvah neuromuscular junctions, like humans, is a short period of recovery between contraction and relaxation of muscle cells.
Because it is the refractory tars in which polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and some other carcinogens are concentrated.
She stood, arms akimbo, facing Cressida, who was struggling with the refractory laces of her travelling gown.
He spoke of Exalted brutality, painting lurid pictures of the anguish, humiliation and diverse outrages traditionally inflicted upon refractory peasants.
The most refractory of seigneurs were fined and additionally penalised with interest charges.
Both Philippus and Cethegus now informed the senators that Lepidus must be considered to be in revolt, that they had proof of his dealings and agreements with the refractory elements in Etruria and Umbria-and that his senior legate, the praetor Marcus Junius Brutus, was equally involved.
On high in amphitheatre field on field, Italian, Egyptian, Austrian, Far heard and of the carnage discord clear, Bells of his escalading triumphs pealed In crashes on a choral chant severe, Heraldic of the authentic Charlemagne, Globe, sceptre, sword, to enfold, to rule, to smite, Make unity of the mass, Coherent or refractory, by his might.