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The Collaborative International Dictionary
Quartile

Quartile \Quar"tile\, n. [F. quartile aspect, fr. L. quartus the fourth. See Quart.] (Astrol.) Same as Quadrate.

Douglas Harper's Etymology Dictionary
quartile

c.1500, originally in astronomy; see quartile (adj.). In statistics, from 1879.

quartile

mid-15c., "90 degrees apart" (of astronomical measurements), from Middle French quartil, from Medieval Latin quartilus "of a quartile," from Latin quartus "fourth" (see quart).

Wiktionary
quartile

n. 1 (context statistics English) Any of the three points that divide an ordered distribution into four parts, each containing a quarter of the population. 2 (context statistics English) Any one of the four groups so divided.

WordNet
quartile

n. (statistics) any of three points that divide an ordered distribution into four parts each containing one quarter of the scores

Wikipedia
Quartile

In descriptive statistics, the '''quartiles ''' of a ranked set of data values are the three points that divide the data set into four equal groups, each group comprising a quarter of the data. A quartile is a type of quantile. The first quartile (Q) is defined as the middle number between the smallest number and the median of the data set. The second quartile (Q) is the median of the data. The third quartile (Q) is the middle value between the median and the highest value of the data set.

In applications of statistics such as epidemiology, sociology and finance, the quartiles of a ranked set of data values are the four subsets whose boundaries are the three quartile points. Thus an individual item might be described as being "in the upper quartile".

Usage examples of "quartile".

Those who were accustomed to idling away a planetary quartile on full pay might have complained, but remembered the departure of the pilot.

However he read the compass of the skies, in triune, sextile or quartile, the distant lights drew no pattern.

The red hand was just passing over the third quartile of the first second after Zero.

I like the mischievous position of Mars in Taurus, the ascendant of Ireland, particularly as he is upon the mid-heaven, and so near the mundane quartile of Saturn and Mars.

Your aspects, dignities, ascendancies, Your partite quartiles, and your plastic trines, And all your heavenly houses and effects, Shall meet no more devout expounders here.