What is "polonia"

Polonia may mean

• " Poland" in Latin
• Polish diaspora

Polonia, the name for Poland in Latin and many Romance and other languages, is most often used in modern Polish as referring to the Polish diaspora. However, as can be seen from the image, it was also used as a national personification.

The symbolic depiction of a country as a woman called by the Latin name of that country was common in the 19th Century (see Germania, Britannia, Hibernia, Helvetia).

Polonia is a symphonic prelude by the English composer Edward Elgar written in 1915 as his Op. 76.

The Polonia is a EuroCity (EC) express train. It was introduced in 1997, to supplement the existing EuroCity train, the Sobieski, on the international route between Vienna, the capital of Austria, and Warsaw, the capital of Poland, via the Czech Republic.

The train's name, Polonia, is the Latin word for "Poland".

, the northbound train, EC 102, departs from Villach Hbf, in Villach, Austria, at shortly after 09:00, and the southbound train, EC 103, departs from Warszawa Wschodnia in Warsaw at shortly after 06:00. Both trains arrive at their destinations after a journey time, via Vienna, of approximately twelve and a half hours. <!--

Polonia ( WWV 39) is a concert overture written by Richard Wagner. Wagner completed Polonia in 1836, although it may have been drafted as early as 1832. It was premiered in Magdeburg, with the composer conducting, on March 29, 1836.

Wagner's biographer Ernest Newman wrote that the overture was "shapeless and frothy...the oddest mixture of a pseudo-Polish idiom and the cheap assertive melody of Rienzi". The critic Adrian Courleonis has commented that "Polonia 's coarse-grained excitement, which may at first seem audacious, looms as merely clumsy ... well before its run halfway through its dozen-minute course, the curious compulsion to revisit lame material having something about it of the boorish, drunken frat boy imagining that he's the life of the party".

In contrast to this negative criticism, Wagner himself, who was very sympathetic to the Polish revolutionary attempt to reestablish Poland's political sovereignty, states that Polonia resulted from a "dreamlike evening" in which he heard uninterrupted Polish songs at a celebration of May_3rd_Constitution_Day (Wagner, My Life 1983, pp. 58-61). Similarly, Professor Halina Goldberg points out that Wagner was one of several foreign composers who were sympathetic to the Polish cause, namely the restoration of Poland, which had been eliminated from the map after a series of 3 partitions. According to her, Wagner wrote Polonia after hearing Polish patriotic songs for a May 3 Constitution Day celebration. (Halina Goldberg, The Age of Chopin, p. 92).

The composer's manuscript of his piano arrangement of the score is in the Stefan Zweig Collection at the British Library. Zweig acquired the manuscript from a dealer in Vienna in 1937.