Crossword clues for penicillin
penicillin
Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English
The Collaborative International Dictionary
penicillin \pen`i*cil"lin\, n. [From Penicillium, the fungus genus from which it was first isolated.] (Chem.) Any of a variety of substances having a structure containing a beta-lactam ring fused to a thiirane ring, to which a carboxyl group is attached, most commonly referring to benzyl penicillin. They are notable as powerful antibacterial agents of relatively low toxicity which have found extensive use in medicine for treating bacterial infections. They are categorized as one of the classes of beta-lactam antibiotic. They are produced naturally by some fungi and bacteria, and industrial production processes almost invariably start from some form of the penicillin nucleus produced by fermentation of microorganisms. The fermentation products are then chemically modified to produce derivatives of enhanced potency, safety, or antibacterial spectrum. The first penicillin to see extensive use clinically (during World War II) was penicillin G, also called benzypenicillin, and commonly simply ``penicillin''.
Note: [hand]The characteristic portion of the structure characterizing a penicillin is the bicyclic structure 3,3-Dimethyl-7-oxo-4-thia-1-azabicylo[3.2.0]heptane-2-carboxylic acid. The different penicillins have varying acyl groups forming an amide bond with a nitrogen attached to the 6-carbon of this nucleus. This distinguishes it from the other classes of beta-lactam antibiotic, the cephalosporins, thienamycins and sulfazecin.
Lactam \Lac"tam\, n. [Lactone + amido.] (Chem.) One of a series of anhydrides of an amido type, analogous to the lactones, as oxindol; a cyclic amide. beta-lactam or [beta]-lactam,
a lactam in which the amide bond is contained within a four-membered ring, which includes the amide nitrogen and the carbonyl carbon.
an antibiotic containing a beta-lactam, such as a penicillin, cephalosporin, or carbapenem; also called a beta-lactam antibiotic. [informal, laboratory slang]
Douglas Harper's Etymology Dictionary
1929, coined in English by Alexander Fleming (1881-1955), who first recognized its antibiotic properties, from Modern Latin Penicillium notatum (1867), the name of the mould from which it was first obtained, from Latin penicillus "paintbrush" (see pencil (n.)), in reference to the shape of the mould cells.
Wiktionary
n. (context pharmaceutical drug English) Any of a group of narrow-spectrum antibiotics obtained from ''Penicillium'' molds or synthesized; they have a beta-lactam structure; most are active against gram-positive bacteria and used in the treatment of various infections and diseases.
WordNet
n. any of various antibiotics obtained from penicillium molds (or produced synthetically) and used in the treatment of various infections and diseases
Wikipedia
Penicillin (PCN or pen) is a group of antibiotics which include penicillin G ( intravenous use), penicillin V (oral use), procaine penicillin, and benzathine penicillin ( intramuscular use). Penicillin antibiotics were among the first medications to be effective against many bacterial infections caused by staphylococci and streptococci. Penicillins are still widely used today, though many types of bacteria have developed resistance following extensive use.
About 10% of people report that they are allergic to penicillin; however, up to 90% of this group may not actually be allergic. Serious allergies only occur in about 0.03%. All penicillins are β-lactam antibiotics.
Penicillin was discovered in 1928 by Scottish scientist Alexander Fleming. People began using it to treat infections in 1942. There are several enhanced penicillin families which are effective against additional bacteria; these include the antistaphylococcal penicillins, aminopenicillins and the antipseudomonal penicillins. They are derived from Penicillium fungi.
Penicillin (stylized as PENICILLIN) is a Japanese visual kei alternative rock band, formed in Tokyo in 1992.
Usage examples of "penicillin".
Wyrazik had not, until that time, known about his allergy to penicillin.
Since, with most patients, it was normal to use penicillin to treat pneumonia, it appeared that Townsend had either read the allergy warning in his file, or had remembered it-perhaps both.
One was a notation 130 about a penicillin allergy, which did not seem significant.
In South Africa a strain was found to be resistant not only to penicillin, but to most of its successors, including ampicillin, streptomycin, methicillin, chloramphenicol, and tetracycline.
The great contemporary achievement of modern medicine is the technology for controlling and preventing bacterial infection, but this did not fall into our laps with the appearance of penicillin and the sulfonamides.
He bought needle forceps, a nylon suture kit, surgical needles, scalpels, drips, antihistamines, hydrocortisone, penicillin tablets, some powdered antibiotics and three tins of vitamin B.
An example would be the bacteria that secrete penicillinase, which is an enzyme that destroys penicillin.
The staph bacteria in question proved resistant to treatment with penicillins, but had responded to high doses of cephalosporin.
Never mind a thing like staph or gonorrhea which mutated into forms resistant to a drug like penicillin.
She had strep throat, and she had to stay in bed for days, taking penicillin and trying to swallow the soft foods that Barb Hendrickson brought over to her.
The rest of the sixty-day course can be completed with amoxicillin, a form of penicillin that is known for its safety with children and infants, if the organism is sensitive to it.
We have rediscovered penicillin eighteen times, streptomycin and hemomycetin three times, and have isolated several very promising antifungal and antibacterial agents.
Penicillin, ampicillin, neomycin, vancomycin, even ciprofloxacin, you name it.
And in two days it developed into a full blown clostridial infection that was apparently completely resistant to the penicillin I prescribed.
Penicillin is theoretically contraindicated because if you rupture the cell wall of this thing, you release more toxin, and her system does not need more toxin.