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What is "particulates"

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particulates
Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English
particulates
noun
EXAMPLES FROM CORPUS
▪ At times, the concentration of particulates in the air of some cities became dense enough to conduct electricity.
▪ But teamed with diesel oil in dual-fuel units, the result is less NOx and particulates plus no performance loss.
▪ But the bulk of the chemical run-off binds to particulates and is concentrated rather than dispersed evenly through the water column.
▪ Chafee also proposed a five-year delay in setting specific limits for fine particulates, or soot, citing scientific uncertainty.
▪ It is usually caused by the emission of particulates or nitrogen dioxide.
▪ Raising injection pressures brings particulates down but puts NOx up; the same goes for many other design changes.
▪ The air in El Paso is arguably the dirtiest in Texas, violating federal standards for ozone, carbon monoxide and particulates.
▪ The exhaust will also have to be fitted with filters to trap the particulates and their carcinogenic PAHs.
Wiktionary
particulates

n. (plural of particulate English).

Wikipedia
Particulates

Atmospheric particulate matter – also known as particulate matter (PM) or particulates – are microscopic solid or liquid matter suspended in the Earth's atmosphere. The term aerosol commonly refers to the particulate/air mixture, as opposed to the particulate matter alone. Sources of particulate matter can be man-made or natural. They have impacts on climate and precipitation that adversely affect human health.

Subtypes of atmospheric particulate matter include:

  • Suspended particulate matter (SPM)
  • Thoracic and respirable particles
  • Inhalable coarse particle, which are [coarse] particles with a diameter between 2.5 and 10 micrometres (μm)
  • Fine particles with a diameter of 2.5 μm or less
  • PM
  • PM
  • Ultrafine particles, and
  • Soot

The IARC and WHO designate airborne particulates a Group 1 carcinogen. Particulates are the deadliest form of air pollution due to their ability to penetrate deep into the lungs and blood streams unfiltered, causing permanent DNA mutations, heart attacks, and premature death. In 2013, a study involving 312,944 people in nine European countries revealed that there was no safe level of particulates and that for every increase of 10 μg/m3 in PM, the lung cancer rate rose 22%. The smaller PM were particularly deadly, with a 36% increase in lung cancer per 10 μg/m3 as it can penetrate deeper into the lungs.